REPONIVS - Repository of Scientific Institute for Veterinary Medicine of Serbia
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Serological and molecular investigation of influenza in commercial pig farms in Serbia
No full textSwine influenza is a worldwide present respiratory disease of swine, in majority of cases caused by H1N1,
H1N2, and H3N2 subtypes of swine influenza A virus (swIAV). Exploration of the swIAV in Serbia in recent
ten years mainly was oriented to the passive surveillance and examination within PRDC on commercial pig
farms. The latest results suggest circulation of the viruses in the majority of the analysed commercial farms
and the presence of two subtypes - H1N1 and H3N2. Even though the problem exists none of the farms
apply vaccination as a measure of disease control. The aim of this research is to analyse the results of
passive surveillance on the two commercial farms conducted from 2020th to 2022nd.
A total of 94 samples for molecular analyses and 528 samples for serological analyses were submitted to
the Institute of Veterinary Medicine of Serbia during this period. These samples were obtained from swine
raised in two commercial farms (farm A and farm B) that practice farrow-to-finish production and have
implemented satisfactory biosecurity measures. The samples for molecular examination were mummified
fetuses, nasal swabs, oral fluids, parenchymatous organs, lungs, and sera. All samples were tested by M
gene real-time RT-PCR, according to the accredited WHO protocol (2009) for detection of influenza A
viruses. One virus was typed using multiplex real-time RT-PCR protocols described by Henritzi et al. (2016).
Serological examination was conducted using ELISA test (Ingezim Influenza A Kit, Ingenasa), and tested sera
originated from sows, suckling piglets, and nursing pigs.
During three year period influenza A viruses were detected on both farms, having on average 55,3% of the
analyzed samples positive. The highest detection rate was amongst the nasal swab (78.7%) and oral fluid
samples (83.3%), while virus was not confirmed in mummified fetuses and sera. Most of the samples
analyzed by PCR originated from farm A (80 samples), and the majority of tested were positive (60%).
Molecular typing revealed presence of H1N1 subtype in farm A that is in accordance with previous results
that confirmed H1N1 as dominating subtype that circulates in commercial farms in Serbia. Serology
examination confirmed a high overall seroprevalence of 64,6%. The serum samples from nursing pigs
accounted for the highest proportion (95.4%) among those examined, as respiratory issues linked to PRDC
typically manifest in this group. Given the endemic presence of swIAVs in the farms under analysis, there is
a pressing need to conduct further research on the circulating viruses and enhance the control measures
employed on these farms
Uloga pasa u kontaminaciji javnih površina Beograda sa Giardia intestinalis
No full textPets, especially dogs, play a significant role in the lives of modern people in urban environments.
Alienation, stress, and other factors that burden the city man are often overcome psychologically
by acquiring a dog that, with its affection, represents excellent psychotherapy. Unfortunately, in addition
to this favorable influence, the presence of dogs in urban areas has its other side. In the urban
environment, green areas and parks are the main places where children play and they represent
resting places for city people, but they are also places where dog owners take their pets out. During
their stay on these surfaces, they constantly contaminate them with their feces, which, in addition
to the unpleasant smell, also present an epidemiological danger because dogs are carriers of many
zoonotic parasites, including protozoa Giardia intestinals.
It is a zoonotic flagellate that occurs in the form of a vegetative form that is pear-shaped with 8
flagella or a cystic form that is egg-shaped. Giardia cysts survive well in the external environment
and only a small number of cysts are needed to cause infection, either through contact with an
infected animal (sniffing and coprophagia in dogs) or through contaminated food and water. After
the cyst enters the digestive tract, the vegetative forms of giardia are released, which will remain on
the surface of the intestinal villi, multiply and, after a certain time, become encysted. Parasites live
in the duodenum and can also reach the liver and bile ducts. In dogs, giardiasis is accompanied by
long-term diarrhea with extremely unpleasant-smelling excrement that contains slime and has the
appearance and color of clay. In order to examine the infection of dogs and the pollution of public
areas in Belgrade, in 2021, an examination of 74 soil samples from public areas and 210 samples of
dog excrement collected from public areas and by veterinarians from clinics from dogs that had
clinical symptoms indicating this parasitosis. Examinations of soil and feces were performed using the flotation method, while 82 samples of
feces were examined in clinics with the IDEXX Snap Giardia test. During these inspections, 15.62%
of the land sample was contaminated with giardia, and the inspection of the dogs revealed infection
in 45.78%.
The presence of infected dogs (and people) contaminating public areas with their excrement creates
the conditions for the spread of giardiasis and the permanent possibility of infection of dogs and
people in urban areas.Životinje ljubimci, a posebno psi imaju značajnu ulogu u životu savremenih ljudi u gradskom
okruženju. Otuđenost, stres, i ostali faktori koji opterećuju gradskog čoveka često se psihički prevazilaze
nabavkom psa koji svojom privrženošću predstavlja odličnu psihoterapiju. Nažalost pored ovako
povoljnog uticaja, prisustvo pasa u urbanim sredinama ima i svoju drugu stranu.
U urbanoj sredini zelene površine i parkovi su glavna mesta na kome se igraju deca i ona predstavljaju
odmorišta gradskih ljudi, ali takođe su i mesta na kojima vlasnici pasa izvode svoje ljubimce.
Tokom boravka na ovim površinama oni ih stalno kontaminiraju svojim fecesom, koji osim neprijatnog
mirisa predstavlaj i epidemiološku opasnost jer su psi nosioci mnoštva zoonotski parazita
uključujući protozoe Giardia intestinals.
To je zoonotska flagelata koja se javlja u vidu vegetativnog oblika koji je kruškolikog zgleda sa 8
bičića ili cističnog koji je jajastog oblika. Ciste giardija dobro opstaju u spoljašnjoj srediniu i potreban
je samo mali broj cisti da uzrokuju infekciju, bilo kontaktom sa zaraženom životinjom (njuškanje
i koprofagija kod pasa) ili zagađenom hranom i vodom. Nakon ulaska cisti u digestivni trakt,
oslobađaju se vegetativni oblici giardia koji će se zadržavati na površini crevnih resica, razmnožiti se
i posle određenog vremena, encistirati. Paraziti žive u duodenumu a mogu dospeti i u jetru i žucne puteve.
Kod pasa je gardiaza praćena dugotrajnim diarejama sa izmetom izuzetno neprijatnog mirisa koji sadrži
primese slizi i ima izgled i boju gline. Da bi se ispitala inficiranost pasa i zagađenost javnih površina u
Beogradu je tokom 2021 izvršen pregled 74 uzorka zemljišta sa javnih površina i 210 uzoraka izmeta
pasa prikupljenih sa javnih površina i od strane veterinara iz ambulanti od pasa koji su imali kliničke
simptome koji su ukazivali na ovu parazitozu. Pregledi zemljišta i fecesa su rađeni primenom flotacione metode dok je 82 uzorka fecesa pregledano
u ambulantama i sa IDEXX Snap Giardia testom. Tokom ovih pregleda 15.62% uzorka zemeljišta
je bilo kontaminirano giardijom a pregledom pasa infekcija je ustanovljena u 45.78%. Prisustvom
inficiranih pasa (i ljudi) koji svojim izmetom kontaminiraju javne površine sticu se uslovi za širenje
dardijaze i permanentnu mogućnost infekcije pasa i ljudi u urbanim sredinama
Modified mycotoxins and multitoxin contamination of food and feed as major analytical challenges
No full textMycotoxins, as natural products of molds, are often unavoidable contaminants of food and
feed, to which the increasingly evident climate changes contribute a large part. The consequences are
more or less severe and range from economic losses to worrying health problems to a fatal outcome.
One of the best preventive approaches is regular monitoring of food and feed for the presence of
mycotoxins. However, even under conditions of frequent, comprehensive, and conscientious controls,
the desired protection goal may not be achieved. In fact, it often happens that, despite favorable
analytical results that do not indicate high mycotoxin contamination, symptoms of their presence
occur in practice. The most common reasons for this are the simultaneous presence of several different
mycotoxins whose individual content does not exceed the detectable or prescribed values and/or the
alteration of the form of the mycotoxin, which renders it impossible to be analytically determined
using routine methods. When such contaminated foods enter a living organism, toxic effects occur.
This article aims to shed light on the above problems in order to pay more attention to them, work to
reduce their impact, and, eventually, overcome them
Detekcija genoma Mycoplasma bovigenitalium i Mycoplasma tauri kod mlečnih krava holštajnfrizijske rase sa supkliničkim endometritisom
No full textMycoplasma spp. is the cause of serious cattle health disorders that lead to poor
reproductive efficiency. Chronic seminal vesiculitis, infertility, vulvovaginitis and
dystocia were observed in Mycoplasma spp. infection. The objectives of the present study
were to investigate the frequency of Mycoplasmas in the uterus of postpartum dairy
cows and its potential role in the occurrence of subclinical endometritis. Our study
included 102 Holstein Friesian dairy cows 22-32 days postpartum. Uterine samples for
cytological, bacteriological, and molecular analysis were provided using Cytoprint AI®.
Metricheck® was used for the assessment of cervicovaginal mucus. After detection
of Mycoplasma spp. genome in uterine samples, the swabs of the vulva, vagina, nasal
swab, and samples of milk were sampled in order to exclude possible contamination
with other microorganisms as potential trigger of subclinical endometritis. The genome
of Mycoplasma spp. in the uterus was confirmed in 4 cows (2.40%). Sequencing of
the 16S RNA revealed that detected mycoplasmas belonged to Mycoplasma bovigenitalium
and Mycoplasma tauri species, with a prevalence of 1.80% and 0.6%, respectively. The
cytological evaluation showed a 69.90%, 54.87% and 48.33% of polymorphonuclear cells
for M. bovigenitalium positive cows, and 61.64% for M. tauri positive cow. Bacteriological
examination revealed Trueperella pyogenes in uterine samples in all 4 observed cows. This
is the first study where M. tauri was detected in the uterus of a live cow with subclinical enodmetritis. In this paper we hypothesized that M. bovigenitalium and M. tauri may have
a certain role in the etiology of subclinical enodmetritis.Mycoplasma spp. prouzrokuju oboljenja goveda koja za posledicu imaju smanjenje
reproduktivne efikasnosti muznih krava. Mycoplasma spp. kod goveda dovode do
hroničnog seminalnog vezikulitisa, vulvovaginitisa, distokije i neplodnosti. Cilj ove
studije je bio da se ispita učestalost mikoplazmi u materici kod krava nakon teljenja i
utvrdi da li postoji potencijalna veza sa nastankom subkliničkog endometritisa. Studija
je obuhvatila 102 muzne krave Holštajn Frizijske rase od 22-32. dana nakon teljenja.
Brisevi endometrijuma za citološku, bakteriološku i molekularnu analizu su dobijeni
korišćenjem Cytoprint AI®. Metricheck® je korišćen za procenu kvaliteta cervikovaginalne
sluzi. Nakon detekcije genoma Mycoplasma spp. u brisevima endometrijuma,
uzorkovani su brisevi vulve, vagine, nosa i uzorci mleka kako bi se isključila moguća
kontaminacija drugim mikroorganizmima kao potencijalnim prouzrokovačima
subkliničkog endometritisa. Genom Mycoplasma spp. u brisu endometrijuma je utvrđen
kod 4 krave (2,40%). Sekvenciranjem 16S RNK utvrđeno je da detektovane mikoplazme
pripadaju Mycoplasma bovigenitalium i Mycoplasma tauri vrstama, sa prevalencijom
od 1,80%, odnosno 0,6%. Citološkom analizom je utvrđen procenat polimorfonuklearnih
ćelija od 69,90%, 54,87% i 48,33% kod krava pozitivnih na M. bovigenitalium i
61,64% kod krave pozitivne na M. tauri. Bakteriološkom analizom je utvrđena Trueperella
pyogenes u uzorcima endometrijuma kod sve 4 ispitane krave. Ovo je prva studija u
kojoj je M. tauri otkrivena u brisu iz materice žive krave sa subkliničkim endometritisom.
U ovom radu, pretpostavljamo da M. bovigenitalium i M. tauri mogu imati izvesnu
ulogu u etiologiji subkliničkog endometritisa
Potential of sturgeon farming in Serbian aquaculture
No full textJesetre spadaju u jednu od najvrjednijih skupina riba, kako zbog kavijara, tako i zbog kvalitetnog mesa koje ne sadrži kosti vec samo hrskavicu. Međutim, jesetre su među najugroženijim ribama zbog prekomjernog izlova, krivolova, gubitka staništa itd. Proizvodnja jesetri u akvakulturi započela je 1960-ih u bivšem Sovjetskom Savezu, dok je u Europi krenula 1980-ih. Ulaskom Kine u industriju akvakulture, ova zemlja sada trenutno čini oko 78% svjetske proizvodnje mesa jesetri. Proizvodnja jesetri u Srbiji je u povojima, a trenutno je službeno registrirano pet ribnjaka. Najčešće vrste koje se gaje u Srbiji su kečiga (Acipenser ruthenus) i sibirska jesetra (Acipenser baerit) i uzgajaju se uglavnom u recirkulacijskim akvatičnim sustavima (RAS). RAS, uz prostornu korist, ne zahtijeva veliku količinu vode, koja se tijekom proizvodnog procesa pročišćava bez gubitaka i ponovno koristi. Za kontrolu organske tvari i viška kisika u sustavu potrebno je osigurati odgovarajuće biofiltere. Također je važno osigurati mehaničke filtere i kolektore koji su zaduženi za prikupljanje dekompenzirane hrane i suspendiranih tvari. Osim dovoljne količine otopljenog kisika, ograničavajuci faktor proizvodnje i povoljnog zdravstvenog stanja riba je odgovarajuca koncentracija amonijevih iona i amonijaka u vodi, što zahtijeva kontinuirano praćenje navedenih parametara. Također treba voditi računa o sprječavanju ulaska i širenja zaraznih agenasa kao što su bakterije, virusi, gljivice i paraziti. RAS se mogu izraditi s malim kapacitetom, sto osigurava realan plasman ribe koja se može prodati tijekom cijele sezone i postići bolju cijenu od šarana. Pogodni su za početnike kao školski sustavi, tako da se njihov stvarni kapacitet može povećati s vremenom.Sturgeons belong to one of the most valuable groups of fish, both because of the caviar and the meat quality, fish do not contain bones but only cartilage. However, sturgeons are among the most threatened fish due to overfishing, poaching, habitat loss, etc. Sturgeon aquaculture production began in the 1960s in the former Soviet Union, while it took off in Europe in the 1980s. With China's entry into the aquaculture industry, this country now amount around 78% of the world's sturgeon meat production. Sturgeon production in Serbia is in its beginning, and five ponds are currently officially registered. The most common species cultivated in Serbia are starlet (Acipenser ruthenus) and Siberian sturgeon (Acipenser baerit), and they are cultivated mainly in recirculatory aquaculture systems (RAS). RAS, in addition to the spatial benefit, does not require a large amount of water, which is purified during the production process without loss and reused. To control organic matter and excess oxygen in the system, it is necessary to provide appropriate biofilters. It is also important to provide mechanical filters and collectors that are responsible for collecting decompensate food and suspended substances.In addition to a sufficient amount of dissolved oxygen, the limiting factor for production and the favorable health status of fish is the appropriate concentration of ammonium ions and ammonia in the water, which requires continuous monitoring.. Care should also be taken to prevent the entry and spread of infectious agents such as bacteria, viruses, fungi and parasites. RAS can be made with a small capacity, which ensures a realistic placement of fish that can be sold throughout the season and reach a better price than carp. They are suitable for beginners as school systems, so their actual capacity can be increased over time
Zoonotski značajne nematode slatkovodnih riba sa aspekta bezbednosti hrane
No full textParaziti u mesu riba predstavljaju značajan problem, kako sa aspekta bezbednosti
hrane pošto su mnogi od njih potencijalni uzročnici bolesti kod ljudi, ali i zbog
činjenice da riba vidljivo invadirana parazitima nije senzorski prihvatljiva od strane
potrošača i nije podesna za plasiranje na tržište što doprinosi značajnim ekonomskim
gubicima. Globalne promene u načinu ponašanja, a pre svega one vezane za način
ishrane ljudi su doprinele činjenici da se povećala potencijalna izloženost riziku od
oboljevanja od parazita poreklom iz riba. Ljudi se mogu zaraziti nakon konzumiranja
sirove ili nedovoljno obrađene ribe koja sadrži parazite, ali je relativno teško
ustanoviti tačan broj obolelih ljudi kada su nematode iz riba u pitanju, jer često bolest
može proći nezapaženo u vidu pojave mučnine, gastritisa, temperature i većina
slučajeva je otkrivena sasvim slučajno. Ono što otežava kontrolu nematoda u ribama
je njihov kompleksan životni ciklus koji uključuje više međudomaćina među kojima su
i komercijalno važne slatkovodne ribe. Kada je u pitanju slatkovodna riba, postoji
mnogo manje podataka u literaturi o prisustvu zoonotskih parazita, uključujući i
nematode u odnosu na morsku ribu. Svakako da dijagnostikovanje i utvrđivanje
prisustva parazita kod riba ima sve više značaja ako imamo u vidu razvoj akvakulture
širom sveta kao i transport riba, koji je sve obimniji kako među državama, ali i među
kontinentima. Primena dobre proizvođačke prakse tokom gajenja ribe, ali i tokom
njene obrade može značajno smanjiti rizik da na tržište dospe riba koja sadrži
parazite. Cilj ovog rada je prikaz prisustva zoonotski najznačajnijih nematoda
slatkovodnih riba, faktora koji doprinose pojavljivanju parazita riba, mera prevencije tokom gajenja i obrade ribe, različitih preporuka relevantnih međunarodnih
organizacija vezanih za upravljanje rizikom kada su paraziti riba u pitanju, kao i
nacionalnih i evropskih zakonskih okvira vezanih za prisustvo parazita u mesu riba.Referat po poziv
Ribe kao namirnica: značaj parazitološkog pregleda pre stavljanja u promet
No full textReferat po poziv
Measure to control of parasitic infections of swine in commercial farm
No full textParasitic infections cause significant losses to swine production in the farm system. Aim of our work is to presented measures to control parasitic infections at farms breeding swine. The basic measures that were developed and applied were: 1. Use the principles of good production and hygiene practices, 2. Management of the production process, 3. Parasitological diagnostics 4. Application of antiparasitic drugs 5. Strict compliance with biosecurity measures 6. General animal hygiene measures 7. Pest control and disinfection 8. Control of stray dogs and cats on the farm and control of birds 9. Removal of corpses 10. Removal of waste 11. Educational program. The application of this integrated control concept of parasite infection required systematic monitoring of infection on farms and slaughterhouses before and after the applied measures. During the control before the application of the measures, then six months later, the results obtained showed a reduction in the prevalence of parasitic infections by over 80%. Certainly, the complexity of the problem required the involvement of all relevant entities, primarily veterinary services, from farms to slaughterhouses
Diagnosis of subclinical coccidiosis on broiler farms using the mcmaster technique
No full textCoccidiosis is one of the most common parasitic infections, which causes large economic losses in broiler farms worldwide. In most cases, it occurs in the form of a subclinical infection and reduction of production performance (body weight, feed conversion ratio) is present. The appearance of this form of the disease most often occurs due to the development of coccidia resistance to coccidiostats or if coccidiostats are not applied in a planned manner. The aim of this study was to examine the presence of subclinical coccidiosis in broiler chicken farms using the McMaster flotation technique. The study was conducted on 15 broiler farms of different capacities (5,000-30,000). A pool sample of faeces was collected from each farm when the chickens were 3-6 weeks of age. Pooled faecal droppings were collected near the feed and watering system, starting from one corner of a unit and following a „W“ pathway across the unit. Using the McMaster technique, the presence of coccidia oocysts was detected on 13 farms (86.7%). The number of oocysts ranged from 3.5 x 104 - 8.3 x 105. The size of the oocysts ranged from 17.1 to 28.6 µm. Data on the size of oocysts indicate the suspicion that a mixed infection with different species of coccidia was present in the majority of positive flocks. In order to prevent the occurrence of subclinical coccidiosis on these farms, it is necessary to improve biosecurity measures, implement high-quality disinfection and rotate coccidiostats
Patogeneza laminitisa mlečnih krava
No full textHromost je najraniji ali i najvažniji klinički simptom oboljenja akropodijuma goveda. Prema literaturnim podacima u 90 % slučajeva uzrok hromosti je lokalizovan u papcima, a u 10 % slučajeva je u drugim anatomskim delovima ekstremiteta. Patološki proces je u 88 % slučajeva ispoljen na zadnjim ekstremitetima. Laminitis predstavlja aseptično zapaljenje korijuma papaka. Kao uzroci nastanka ovog oboljenja, pored mehaničkog preopterećenja papaka, navode se i toksični uzroci. Duže davanje lako svarljive koncentrovane hrane, stvaranje acidoze u buragu, nagla promena hrane, posebno ishrana zelenim ječmom, ovsem, sveže pokošenim mladim leguminozama i ishrana plesnivom hranom, mogu dovesti do pojave laminitisa. Laminitis je često rezultat uticaja velikog broja činioca, kao što su metabolički i digestivni poremećaji, porođaj stres, mastitis, metritis, dislokacija sirišta, ležište bez ili sa vrlo malo prostirke, nemogućnost kretanja, pregojenost i loš menadžment ishrane. Obrok koji dovodi do acidoze dovodi i do laminitisa. Takav obrok je vrlo težak za korekciju, kada se najveći procenat hraniva u obroku sastoji od ugljenohidratnih materija. Smatra se da vazoaktivne materije (histamin), koje ulaze u krvotok iz buraga, dovode do oštećenja korijuma papaka. Metabolički poremećaj nastaje usled niskog pH sadržaja buraga i lančano dolazi do patofizioloških poremećaja, koji na kraju rezultiraju ishemijom korijuma papaka i klinički manifestnim laminitisom (odlaganjem nogu zbog bola, a ponekad i prinudnog ležanja). Veruje se da osim histamina i bakterijski endotoksini, mlečna kiselina i druge biološki aktivne materije doprinose nastanku ovog oboljenja. Primena osnovnih principa ishrane muznih krava mogu prevenirati pojavu laminitisa samim tim i pojavu ekonomskih gubitaka usled hromosti.Related to an English-language version of the following article: https://reponivs.nivs.rs/handle/123456789/105