REPONIVS - Repository of Scientific Institute for Veterinary Medicine of Serbia
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Gastrointestinal helminths of small ruminants in hilly and mountainous part of Serbia
No full textThe method of breeding, which has been established in breeding of small ruminants for
centuries, is acquired through conditions that affect parasitic infections. From these reasoni in
mind, we started with examination of parasitic fauna of sheep and goat at warious pats of
Serbia. In our paper we presented results of examination performed ın hılly and mountainous
part of Serbia. In the relief of this part of Serbia we a series of surfaces stands out, above
which rise low island mountains and wide valleys cut into the surface. Geographical and
climatic conditions make this region rich in pastures suitable for breeding small ruminants.
They are usually kept in small herds by rural households and spend most of the year grazing.
During our research performed in period 2017-2019, total of 769 fecal samples originated
from 71 sheep and goats flocks were collected individual at monthly intervals. A total of 67
animals we were analyzed by post-mortem examination. Determination of parasites eggs we
performed by morphology characteristic We occured same parasite species: Teladorsagia
(Ostertagia) circumcincta, Ostertagia trifurcata, O.ostertagi, O.occidentalis, Nematodirus
filicoliis, N.spathiger, Trichostrongylus colubriformis, T.axei, T.vitrinus, Haemonchus
contortus, Marshallagia marshalli, Cooperia curticei, C.punctata, C.oncophora, Skrjabinema
ovis, Bunostomum trigonocephalum, Oesophagostomum venulosum and Chabertia ovina.
Poliparasitismus and infection were established at all examined animals. The intensity of
infection and polyparasitsm was monitored in relation to the age of sheep and goats. It was
found that in younger animals intensity of infection was lower than that of older animals. The
infective rate of each of these parasites showed that the most of its followed the same general pattern, having a peak in the spring and another in the autumn, separate by a trough during the
hot dry summer period when the infection rate was low
Vektorske zoonoze koje mogu da ugroze region Jugoistočne Evrope
No full textПрви Факултет ветеринарске медицине основан је у Француској (Лион) 1762.
године, у намери да се спрече циклични таласи појављивања куге говеда
почетком 18. века у Европи. Три века касније сведоци смо да инфективне
болести и у оквиру њих зоонозе, не само да не могу да се искорене у
регионима где се појављују ензоотски већ и да њихово ширење представља
реалну претњу и за удаљене регионе света. Посебан сегмент науке о заразним
болестима чини група зооноза које се преносе векторима. Ради се о бројним
инфективним болестима животиња и људи, чији се узрочници преносе
инсектима и артроподама при чему се у неким случајевима, вектори појављују
као прави домаћини и резервоари изазивача зооноза. До пре две деценије
појава грознице Западног Нила (West Nile fever) у регионима света где се ова
зооноза појаљивала ензоотски и ендемски (на пример Афрички континент),
није заокупљала пажњу епизоотиолога и епидемиолога. Међутим, ова
заразна болест је у протеклих двадесетак година у нашем региону изазвала
обољевање значајног броја људи, а у неким случајевима исход је био фаталан.
Аналогно примеру грознице Западног Нила, може да се претпостави да већи
број зооноза које се преносе векторима, практично „куца на врата“ региона
југоисточне Европе. Тај регион може да се сматра пуфер зоном где са стране
југа и истока постоје мање или више удаљени региони где се ензоотски
појављују до сада „егзотичне“ зоонозе и из ког правца може да се очекује
продор вектора, а са њима и изазивача инфективних обољења које преносе.
Потенцијал трансмисије векторских зооноза се пре свега односи на обољења
која преносе инсекти и артроподе. У случају инсеката могао би да се очекује
нагли продор на пример, грознице Рифтске долине (Rift valley fever), инфекције Chikungunya вирусом (Chikungunya), јапанског енцефалитиса (Japanese
encephalitis) или жуте грознице (Yellow fever). Борба са оваквим зоонозама
пре свега треба да се заснива на контроли вектора. За неке од ових зооноза
већ постоје развијене вакцине за употребу у хуманој (на пример Јапански
енцефалитис) и ветеринарској (на пример грозница Западног Нила) медицини.
У случају да се ради о зоонозама које се преносе артроподама (Конго-Кримска
хеморагична грозница, крпељски енцефалитис), очекује се да се зараза шири
полако али стабилно, при чему већи значај имају дијагностичка испитивања
и примена метода присмотре и надзора присуства у врстама животиња које
могу да буду индикатори присуства обољења. У раду су приказани основни
механизми у трансмисији векторских зооноза као и поједине заразне болести
које се преносе инсектима и артроподама, а које имају значајан потенцијал да
угрозе регион југа и истока Европе
Effects of heating treatment and influence on the formation of hydroxymethylfurfural in meadow honey
No full textMed, prirodna hrana sa nutritivnim i terapeutskim značajem, takođe zahteva toplotnu
obradu tokom proizvodnje serije. Med je neophodno preraditi pre nego što se stavi u
promet, jer se sirovi med lako kristališe posle izvesnog vremena i može sadržati neke
mikroorganizme i nečistoće kao što su pčelinji vosak, koje mogu negativno uticati na
senzorna svojstva. Hidroskimetilfurfural (HMF) se obično koristio kao indikator svežine i
smatra se jednim od najvažnijih faktora u predviđanju kvaliteta uzoraka meda. Iz tog
razloga je količina i stvaranje HMF pod uticajem tretmana grejanja i skladištenja na
uzorcima meda iz Srbije ispitivano u ovom istraživanju.Honey, a natural food with nutritional and therapeutic significance, also requires heat
treatment during batch manufacture. It is necessary to process honey before it is put on
the market, because raw honey crystallizes easily after a certain time and contains some
microorganisms and impurities such as beeswax, which can negatively affect the sensory
properties. Hydroxymethylfurfural (HMF) was typically utilized as a freshness indicator
and is regarded as one of the most crucial factors in predicting the quality of honey
samples. For this reason, the amount and formation of HMF under the influence of
heating and storage treatment on honey samples from Serbia was investigated in this
study.Beograd 15.01.2023
Presence of small wax moth (Achroia grisella) in apiaries in Serbia
No full textAchroia grisella is a small wax moth of the snout moth family (Pyralidae). Their spread was
worldvide except in areas with cold climates. Females deposit their eggs in crevices in or near
bee hives so that a food source will be close to the emerging larvae. Because lesser wax moths
eat unoccupied honey bee combs, they are considered pests to bees and beekeepers. Feeding
occurs only during the larval life stage. Larvae feed on weak bee colonies. Larvae move through
the bee comb and spin silk tunnels. They cover the silk with their frass. Tunneling through
honeycombs not only provides food, but also protects the larvae from the defending worker
bees. The larvae prefer to eat honey bee larvae, pupae, and pollen, but will also feed on honey.
A disorder called bald brood occurs in hives infested by lesser wax moths. When feeding on
the comb, larvae tunnel under capped cells containing honey bee pupae. This movement causes
the caps to become defective. The worker bees will then remove the defective caps. The name
bald brood refers to the remaining uncapped cells that reveal the residing pupa. During research
conducted in apiaries in Serbia, the presence of small wax moth was established in
approximately 1.57% of apiaries. The damage caused by it did not cause the death of colonies,
but caused economic losses in the production of bee products. Although they are present in a
small percentage, it is necessary to control the small wax moth
Percentage of water in acacia and meadow honey in the period from 2019 to 2021
No full textHoney is a naturally occurring material made by bees from the sweet, fragrant nectar of flowers. More than 200
substances have been identified in honey, the majority of which are sugars and water. Certain physical characteristics
of honey, such as crystallization and viscosity, are substantially affected by moisture. The honey may be stored for a
longer period of time because of the low water content, which shields it from microbial activity. Honey from around
Pozarevac, the place in Serbia with the largest production of honey, was controlled. A refractometer from A. KRÜSS
Optronic GmbH was used for this research. In the period from 2019 to 2021, 99 samples of acacia honey and 114
samples of meadow honey were analyzed. The average values of water percentage in the indicated period in both
types of honey were between 16 % and 17 %. Based on this research, it can be concluded that the percentage of
water in acacia and meadow honey was below the maximum allowed values according to national and European
regulations. Below 17 % water content, honey fermentation is inhibited. Honey with a water percentage above 17 %
is sensitive to fermentation, while honey with a water content above 19 % is extremely vulnerable
Seroprevalence of viral enzootic diseases in swine backyard farms in Serbia
No full textContrary to pig farming in developedWestern countries, in a large part of the world, pigs
are still traditionally kept in small backyard farms, usually for family needs. Their main characteristics
are low biosecurity, swill feeding, natural breeding and uncontrolled trade. Given the high number
of backyard farms in Serbia and the risk they are thought to pose to intensive pig farming, the main
aim of this study was to evaluate the prevalence of major viral diseases of swine among traditionally
kept pigs in small holdings with low biosecurity. For this investigation, 222 serum samples from
69 backyard holdings were randomly selected and tested for antibodies to Porcine Reproductive and
Respiratory Syndrome virus (PRRSV), Aujeszky’s disease virus (ADV), Porcine Parvovirus (PPV)
and Swine influenza Virus (SIV) by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The herd-level
seroprevalence of PRRS, Aujeszky’s disease and PPV was 2.9%, 27.5% and 37.7%, respectively. Swine
influenza seroconversion was not confirmed in any of the tested holdings. Despite widely distributed
PPV and AD in backyard farms in Serbia, almost 50% of them are still negative for all the tested
diseases. The backyard farms must be monitored, and owners must be educated as their role in
eradication programs and obtaining country-free status may be crucial
Phylogenetic analysis of spring viraemia of carp virus isolated in Serbia
No full textSpring viraemia of carp (SVC) is an infectious disease responsible for severe economic losses for various cyprinid species, particularly common carp (Cyprinus carpio carpio). The causative agent is the Rhabdovirus carpio or SVC virus (SVCV), a member of the Sprivivirus genus, within the Rhabdoviridae family. Phylogenetically, SVCV is divided into four genogroups (SVCV a, SVCV b, SVCV c and SVCV d), which have a reasonable correlation with the geographical distribution of the virus. In the late twentieth century, the disease was widespread in Serbian aquaculture and caused massive deaths in common carp. This study aimed to molecularly characterize the circulating SVCV isolates in Serbia over a 17-year period. The genetic relationships between 21 SVCV isolates from common carp and rainbow trout in Serbia between 1992 and 2009 were determined based on the partial nucleotide sequence of the glycoprotein gene (G gene). The phylogenetic analysis showed that the dominant SVCV isolates in Serbia belong to the SVCV d genogroup, with only one isolate belonging to genogroup SVCV b. The SVCV strains circulating in Serbia exhibited high homogeneity, as several isolates shared 100% similarity within these genogroups. Most Serbian isolates belonged to SVCV d1 and d2 subgroups, with one isolate notably different and included in a new subgroup SVCV d5. Understanding the SVCV genetic variants circulating in Serbia would be helpful in future epizootic investigations
Prevencija širenja i suzbijanja afričke kuge svinja kod divljih svinja
No full textOd pojave afričke kuge svinja (AKS) u Gruziji 2007. godine, virus genotipa II proširio se u mnoge države sveta, pre svega Evrope i Azije, dovodeći do ogromnih zdravstvenih problema i ekonomskih gubitaka u svinjarstvu. Divlje svinje imaju važnu ulogu u održavanju virusa AKS u prirodi, a ciklus kruženja virusa kod divljih svinja se može odvijati bez domaćih svinja ili potencijalnih vektora krpelja, sa mogućnošću prelivanja bolesti u populaciju domaćih svinja. Izbor mera prevencije pojave, širenja i suzbijanja AKS kod divljih svinja zavisi od načina unošenja bolesti, preko zaraženih divljih svinja ili indirektno ljudskim aktivnostima, kao i od same faze dinamike infekcije na nivou populacije. Kontrola AKS je komplikovanija i teža u slučaju enzootskog prisustva bolesti. Pojačan pasivni nadzor u lovištima predstavlja meru koju je potrebno sprovesti što je pre moguće. Uklanjanje leševa potencijalno zaraženih divljih svinja u kojima virus može da ostane infektivan mesecima snižava rizik od pojave i širenja bolesti. Neophodno je sprovoditi plan stalne pretrage i nadzora delova lovišta u kojima se nalaze prirodna staništa divljih svinja radi pronalaženja i uklanjanja leševa. Dodatne mere uključuju redukciju populacije divljih svinja kao i ograničavanje njihovog kretanja podizanjem ograda. Organizovanje intezivnog pojedinačnog i grupnog lova divljih svinja u cilju brzog smanjenje brojnosti obuhvata naročito starosnu kategoriju zrelih ženki. Sistematskim i kontinuiranim odstrelom može se uspostaviti i održavati linija sprečavanja širenja AKS u područjima visokog rizika odnosno u zaštitnim područjima intezivnog lova. Podizanje ograda ili sistema višestrukih ograda može doprineti zaštiti regiona slobodnih od AKS. Neophodno je sprovoditi aktivnosti usmerene na podizanje pozornosti svih zainteresovanih strana, pre svega lovaca i držaoca domaćih svinja. Da bi se smanjio rizik od prodora virusa na poljoprivredna gazdinstva i farme treba doneti i implementirati propise koje propisuju obaveznost uvođenja mera biosigurnosti. Imajući u vidu da afrička kuga svinja predstavlja kontagiozno oboljenje svinja koje je često praćeno i 100% mortalitetom i protiv koga ne postoji efikasna vakcina, ključno je sprovođenje detaljne procene rizika, donošenje i primena odgovarajućih mera prevencije i suzbijanja bolesti, kao i transparentna komunikacija o pojavi i širenju ove bolesti koja može u potpunosti da uništi proizvodnju svinja i da ugrozi prehrambenu sigurnost u Republici Srbiji.Referat po poziv
Proizvodnja jaja obogaćenih selenom primenom biotehnoloških rešenja u ishrani koka nosilja
No full textJaja predstavljaju važan izvor proteina, masti i mikroelemenata koji imaju značajnu ulogu u ishrani ljudi. Proizvodnja i potrosnja jaja u svetu poslednjih decenija je u porastu. Konzumacija jaja dugo vremena bila je vezana za negativne efekte na zdravlje ljudi, uglavnom zbog sadržaja holesterola. Međutim, danas je poznato da na nivo holesterola u serumu utiče vise drugih faktora kao sto su genetska predispozicija, hormonski status i hranidbene navike, a ne isključivo holesterol iz jaja. Poslednjih godina, namirnice koje se svakodnevno koriste u ishrani ljudi nisu namenjene samo zadovoljenju potreba u osnovnim hranljivim materijama nego se od hrane očekuje prevencija bolesti povezanih sa hranom i sticanje boljeg imunoloskog statusa. Upotrebom specifičnih nutritivnih strategija moguće je proizvesti funkcionalnu hranu koja pored osnovnih hranljivih materija sadrži i komponente koje učestvuju u očuvanju zdravlja i smanjenju rizika u nastanku bolesti. Niska koncentracija selena u zemljistu, a posledično i u hranivima koja se koriste u hrani za životinje, može prouzrokovati deficit ovog mikroelementa kod životinja. Putem namirnica animalnog porekla simptomi deficita javljaju se i kod ljudi, čime se značajno slabi sistem antioksidativne zastite u organizmu. Iskorisćavanje selena kod životinja zavisi od hemijskog oblika u kome se nalazi u obroku. Selen koji se koristi kao dodatak u vitaminsko mineralnim predsmesama u hrani za koke nosilje prisutan je u jednom od dva osnovna oblika: organski vezan za aminokiseline (selenocistein i selenometionin) ili u formi neorganske soli (najčesće natrijum selenit). Nakon unosenja u organizam putem obroka, selen se ugrađuje u tkivne proteine čime se stvara njegova rezerva. Deponovani selen u organizmu nalazi se u neaktivnom stanju i u slučajevima oksidativnog stresa ili deficita selena u hrani, prelazi u aktivan oblik. Izvor selena u smesama za ishranu koka nosilja ostvaruje uticaj na sadržaj selena u jajima. Dodatkom organskog selena nosiljama konzumnih jaja mogu se postići količine od 20-25 µg po jajetu, sto je oko 30% od preporučenog dnevnog unosa za ljude. Za proizvodnju takvih jaja potrebno je u hranu za nosilje dodati organskog selena u količini 0,3-0,5 mg/kg. Organski izvori selena imaju bolju biolosku raspoloživost, a sadržaj selena u konzumnim jajima je stabilniji.Zbornik radov
Genetic analysis of influenza A viruses in pigs from commercial farms in Serbia
No full textSwine influenza presents a very important health and economic issue in pig productions worldwide. Viruses that cause the disease are genetically very diverse but usually belong to the H1N1, H1N2 and H3N2 subtype of influenza A viruses. In this study, we sequenced and analyzed the full genome of viruses detected in swine from seven commercial farms. Through the analysis of the complete sequences of internal gene cassette together with previously characterized HA and NA genes we found three different genotypes amongst five completely sequenced viruses. Two viruses possessed a completely H1avN1 genotype (40%) and belonged to the H1avN1 lineage, which is prevalent in European swine populations. The other three viruses have arisen through the reassortment of the genes of H1avN1 and H1N1pdm09 lineages. In one sample we detected coinfection with viruses of H3N2 subtype with genes of H1avN1, H1N1pdm09 and A/swine/Gent/1/1984-like H3N2 lineages that presents a potential environment for the generation of a triple reassortant virus. The presence of the H1N1pdm09 origin M gene in this sample implies the potential risk of the introduction of these viruses into the human population. Phylogenetic analysis of internal gene cassette revealed slower evolution within genes of H1N1pdm09 lineage than those of H1avN1 lineage