REPONIVS - Repository of Scientific Institute for Veterinary Medicine of Serbia
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Protoparvovirus carnivoran 1 infection of golden jackals Canis aureus in Serbia
No full textParvoviruses are among the major animal pathogens that can cause considerable health disorders ranging from subclinical
to lethal in domestic and wild animals. Golden jackal (Canis aureus), an expanding European species, is a reservoir of many
pathogens, including vector-borne diseases and zoonoses. Given the importance of parvovirus infections in dogs and cats,
this study aimed to unfold the virus prevalence and molecular characterisation in the golden jackal population in Serbia.
The spleen samples from 68 hunted jackals during 2022/2023 were tested for the VP2-specific genome region of Protoparvovirus
carnivoran 1 by PCR. BLAST analysis of partial VP2 sequences obtained from three animals (4.4%) revealed the
highest similarity to Protoparvovirus carnivoran 1, genogroup Feline panleukopenia virus, which is the second report on
FPV infection in jackals. Based on specific amino acid residues within partial VP2, the jackals’ Protoparvovirus carnivoran
1 was also classified as FPV. One jackal’s strain showed two synonymous mutations at positions 699 and 1167. Although
species cross-transmission could not be established, jackals’ health should be maintained by preventing the transmission
of viruses to native species and vice versa. Although jackals are considered pests, their role as natural cleaners is of greater
importance. Therefore, further monitoring of their health is needed to understand the influence of infectious diseases on
population dynamics and to determine the relationship between domestic predators and jackals and the direction of crossspecies
transmission.Brief repor
Anisakis type Ilarvae in Argentine hake (Merluccius hubbsi, Linnaeus 1758)
No full textPoznato je da je anisakijaza jedna od važih zoonoza koje prenose ribe. Ličinke roda Anisakis prema svojim morfološkim značajkama mogu se identificirati kao Anisakis tip I ili tip II. Ličinke Anisakis L3 ranije su prijavljene na srpskim tržištima iz različitih vrsta riba. Uzorak uvezenog duboko smrznutog argentinskog oslića (Merluccius hubbsi, Linnaeus 1758), za kojeg se sumnjalo da je zaražen parazitima, nadležna je sluzba poslala u laboratorij. Parazitoloski pregled uzorka od 10 riba na prisutnost ličinki Anisakis u unutarnjim organima obavljen je vizualno pod stereomikroskopom. Zatim su iznutrice i epaksijalni i hipoksijalni mišići uklonjeni i odvojeno digestirani u otopini pepsin/HCl. Uzorci su potom mikroskopski pregledani u Petrijevim zdjelicama kako bi se otkrile i prebrojale ličinke. U trbušnoj supljini otkriveno je izmedu 10 i 14 ličinki po ribi. Izolirane Anisakis spp. ličinke su isprane u 0,9% otopini NaCl i isprane u 70% alkoholu i ledenoj octenoj kiselini radi mikroskopskog promatranja i morfoloske studije, koja je uključivala bilježenje prisutnosti zuba na prednjem kraju iventrikula jednjaka u prvoj trećini i stražnjem kraju larva, koja varira između morfotipa I i II.Otkrivene ličinke su svjetlosnim mikroskopom identificirane na temelju morfoloskih kriterija kao Anisakis ličinke trećeg stadija (L3) tip I.It is known that anisakiasis is one of the important fish-borne zoonotic diseases. Based on their morphological features, larvae of the genus Anisakis can be identified as Anisakis type Ior typeII. The Anisakis L3 larvae had been previously reported in Serbia from different fish species. The sample of imported deep-frozen Argentine hake (Merluccius hubbsi, Linnaeus 1758), which was suspected with parasite infection, was sent to the laboratory by the governing authority. A parasitological examination of sample consisting of 10 fish, for the presence of Anisakis larvae in the viscera was visually performed under a stereomicroscope. Then, the viscera and epaxial and hypaxial muscles were removed and separately digested in pepsin/HCl solution. Samples were then examined microscopically in Petri dishes to detect and count the larvae. Between 10 and 14 larvae per fish were detected in the abdominal cavity. solated Anisakis spp. larvae were washed in 0.9% NaCl solution and rinsed in 70% alcohol and glacial acetic acid for microscopic observation and morphological study, which included notingthe presence of a boringtooth at the anterior end and oesophageal ventricle in the first third and posterior end of the larva, which varies between morphotypes IandII.The detected larvae were identified as based on distinct morphological criteria as Anisakis third-stage larvae (L3) type Ivia light microscopy
Safety control of Pirot cheese: determination the presence of organochlorine pesticides
No full textPirotski kaĉkavalj je tradicionalni prozvod koji se na specifiĉan naĉin proizvodi
u Pirotu i okolini grada Pirota. Pravi se od mleka sa Stare planine, predela
bogatog travnim pašnjacima i stoĉnom hranom. Upravo takva ţivotna sredina
pogoduje dobijanju kvalitetnog mleka koje je potrebno za prozvodnju kaĉkavalja.
Jedan od najznaĉajnih faktora u odgajanju krava, koza i ovaca je
ishrana, a staroplaninski kraj je od uvek bio veliki potencijal za izraţavanje
genetiĉkog potencijala ţivotinja. Upravo takva sredina omogućava razvoj bioloških
i ekonomskih gardinstava, ĉija se proizvodnja uklapa u organsku
proizvodnju mleka, mesa i njihovih prozvoda, gde je stoĉarstvo ekstezivnog
karaktera. Agrostietum vulgaris je najrasporostranjenija livadska zajednica
Stare planine, a uz prisustvo mnogih lekovitih vrsta utiĉe na ekološki sastav i
proizvodnju kvalitetnog mleka. Svakako je za proizvodnju kaĉkavalja vrlo znaĉajan
kvalitet mleka, pri ĉemu se najpoznatija vrsta proizvodi od mešavine
mleka (kravljeg, oĉijeg i kozijeg) poznatog po nazivu “mešanac”. Pirotski
kaĉkavalj spada u grupu masnih tvrdih sireva parenog testa sa zrenjem i
minimalnim udelom mleĉne masti u suvoj materiji od 45 procenata. Kao hrana
sa većim udelom mleĉne masti zahteva kontrolu na prisustvo pesticida zbog
potencijalne mogućnosti bioakomulacije pesticida u mastima.
Ispitivanje bezbednosti, odnosno prisustva rezidua perzistenih organskih zagaĊivaĉa
pravi je pokazatelj ekološkog stanja proizvoda sa Stare planine. Analiza
je uraĊena ispitivanjem uzoraka pirotskog kaĉkavlja uzimanjem uzoraka u
periodu od pet godina (od 2018. do 2022. godine) i praćenjem prisustva organohlornih
pesticida. Ispitano je 20 uzoraka pirotskog kaĉkavalja vrste pod
nazivom “mešanac” u petogodišnjem sluĉajnom uzorkovanju. Ispitani su organohlorni
pesticidi koji pripadaju grupi poluisparljivih jedinjenja, relativno
lipofilnih i stabilanih u ţivotnoj sredini, a koji se mogu identifikovati u razliĉitim
matriksima ţivotne sredine. Razlog ispitivanja je nauĉna ĉinjenica da se
oni mogu naći u sredinama u kojima nikada nisu ni bili korišćeni, zbog sposobnosti
migracije (putem vazdiha i vode), jer dugo ostaju u ţivotnoj sredini i kao takvi imaju negativan efekat na ljusko zdravlje. Ispitivanja se sprovode
prema Evropskoj komisiji i Pravilniku, kao i zakonskoj regulativi Republike
Srbije prema kojim je obavezna kontrola njihovog prisustva u svim animalnim
proizvodima. Tako je prisustvo organohlornih pesticida ili odsustvo pokazatelj
ekološkog stanja, tj. bezbednosti, odnosno jedan od vaţnih indikatora zdrave
ishrane ţivotinja, a putem lanca ishrane i ĉoveka.
U ovom istraţivanju upotrebljena je modifikovana QuEChERS metode za rutinsku
analizu organohlornih rezidua pesticida u uzorcima pirotskog kaĉkavalja
primenom gasne hromatografije u kombinaciji sa masenom spektrometrijom
(GC/MS). Ostaci pesticida su ekstrahovani korišćenjem modifikovane tehnike sa
QuEChERS pripremom, uz korišćenje smeše etil-acetata i acetonitrila, a zatim
preĉišćeni korišćenjem disperzivne ekstrakcije ĉvrste faze (d-SPE). Prva faza
ekstrakcije je sprovedene korišćenjem anhidrovanog magnezijum sulfata i
natrijum hlorda. Razvijena je metoda pripreme uzoraka za analizu i validaciju
18 ostataka pesticida. Testirano je nekoliko pristupa ĉišćenju: d-SPE sa poboljšanim
lipidom za uklanjanje matriksa (EMR-lipid), kombinacija primarnog sekundarnog
amina (PSA) i C18 sorbenata, a za treći postupak je korišćen
kertridţ florisil (170 μm, 80Å). Uspostavljeno je preĉišćavanje i analiza
urozaka primenom EMR-lipida, i postignuta brza, efikasna i jednostavna
priprema uzoraka za analizu. Rastvori usklaĊeni sa matriksom su pripremljeni
serijskim razblaţivanjem intermedijarnog rastvora sa ekstraktima uzoraka
kaĉkavalja koji ne sadrţe nijedan od testiranih analita da bi se izvršila
kalibracija usklaĊena sa matriksom sa istim koncentracijama kao u rastvaraĉu.
Linearnost analitiĉkog odgovora u prouĉavanom opsegu koncentracija (0,01–
0,10 mg/kg) je bila odliĉna, sa koeficijentima korelacije većim od 0,99.
Uspostavljen je zadovoljavajući recovery u opsegu od 84 do 112%, a ispitano je
prisustvo sledećih organohlornih pesticida: aldrina i dieldrina, heptahlor i
heptahlor epoksida, suma metabolita DDT, izomera hlordana, endosulfana i
endosulfan sulfata, kao i izomera heksahlorocikloheksana (α, β, δ) i lindana.
Granice kvantifikacije bile su 0,01 mg/kg za ispitivane pesticide.
Analiza svih ispitanih uzoraka potvrdila je zadovoljavajuću bezbednost pirotskog
kaĉkavalja, bez rizika po ljudsko zdravlje. U ispitanim uzorcima nije bilo
tragova ispitivanih organohlornih pesticida, tako da je ovom studijom
potvrĊena bezbednost ispitanog kaĉkavalja na prisustvo perzistenih organskih
zagaĊivaĉa. Ovo je jedan studijski sluĉaj kontrole i bezbednosti proizvoda sa
Stare planine, znaĉajnog predela prirode i mesta gajenja autohtonih ţivotinja
prevashodno u cilju dobijenja kvalitetnih sirovina za proizvodnju tradicionalnih
prozvoda.Zbornik predavanj
Monitoring of the presence of pesticide in organic raspberries of the 2021 harvest
No full textA simple method was evaluated for the determination
of pesticide residues in the organic raspberries
where pesticides residues were extracted and
cleaned using modified QuEChERS method. There
are about a thousand different pesticides on the market
that have different applications. Organic food
production implies organic agricultural practice
without the use of synthetic pesticides. The great interest
of consumers for organic products in relation
to conventional ones is due to human health and safe
environment. The results of control of organically
produced raspberries in terms of the presence of pesticide
residues are presented here. A method for the
determination of trace amounts of the pesticides was
developed using solid-phase extraction and gas chromatography-
mass spectrometry (GC/MS). The linearity
of the analytical response across the studied
range of concentrations (0.01 - 0.10 mg kg-1) was
excellent, obtaining correlation coefficients higher
than 0.99. The average recoveries of the pesticide
ranged from 71.8 to 119.1%, for fortification levels
of 0.01 and 0.10 mg kg-1. The precision values associated
with the analytical method, expressed as
RSD values (n=5), were less than 20% for the pesticide
in the raspberry matrixes. Limit of quantification
ranged from 4 to 10 μg kg-1 for all pesticides.
Among the 40 analyzed samples, 32.5% of them
were contaminated with pesticides residues which
12.5% of samples had pesticides residues lower than
maximum residue limit and 20% of samples had residue
higher than maximum residue limit. The results
of this paper demonstrate the need to establish a pesticide
residue monitoring programs for raspberry
analysis to improve food safety and decrease exposure
risks to consumers
Seroprevalence of Schmallenberg virus in sheep in Belgrade epizootic area
No full textSchmallenberg disease is an infectious disease of cattle, sheep, and goats of viral
aetiology caused by the Schmallenberg virus that belongs to the family Bunyaviridae and
the genus Ortobunyavirus. Schmallenberg disease is a vector-borne disease transmitted by
midges from the genus Culicoides but also by other hematophagous insects. The disease
has a seasonal character and most often occurs in the warm months, from late spring
to autumn. In this study, we investigated the seroprevalence of Schmallenberg disease
in sheep in the epizootic area of Belgrade in the period from 2017 to 2022. A total of
600 sheep serums from the serum bank were tested, 100 serum samples from each year.
Sera were tested by commercial ELISA test for the detection of specific antibodies
against the Schmallenberg virus. The results showed an average annual seroprevalence
of 24.5% in sheep in the Belgrade area in these six years with an increasing trend
predicted for the next years
Gastrointerstinal helminths of small ruminants in east Serbia
No full textPasture breeding make possible contact within sheep and eggs, larvae stages and intermediate host of parasites.
The study about gastrointestinal helminthes of small ruminants at east part of Serbia was started in March 2015
and finished in October 2017. Eastern Serbia is a mountain-basin region that stretches from the Danube and the
border with Romania in the north to the Zaplanjsko-Lužnica basin and the Ruj mountain in the south, and from
the border with Bulgaria in the east to the Velika valley and part of the South Morava river in the west. Eastern
Serbia is characterized by a mosaic of rocks of all types and geological formations and a "chess relief" with
alternating mountains and valleys. The relief is dominated by ridged mountains, separated by numerous river
valleys and basins. Đerdap is the largest tunnel in Serbia and Europe (96 km). It consists of a system of valleys
and gorges. Eastern Serbia has a diverse climate: parochial in the valleys, moderately continental in the river
valleys and mountainous on the mountains. Summers are moderately warm; winters are quite cold and windy.
This part of Serbia is well known for its rich horticulture and there is a large number of pastures suitable for
growing small and larger ruminants. During examination 832 fecal samples originated from 57 flocks were
examinatied using standard coprological technique. Total of 69 animals we were analyzed by post-mortem
examination. Determination of eggs and adult parasites we performed by morphologycal characteristic. During
our examination parasites infection we occured in 65.31% and we found next parasite species: Teladorsagia
(Ostertagia) circumcincta, Ostertagia trifurcata, Ostertagia ostertagi, Ostertagia occidentalis, Trichostrongylus
axei, Trichostrongylus colubriformis, Trichostrongylus vitrinus, Nematodirus filicoliis, Nematodirus spathiger,
Nematodirus abnormalis, Haemonchus contortus, Chabertia ovina, Oesophagostomum venulosum, Cooperia
curticei, Cooperia oncophora, Cooperia punctata, Marshallagia marshalli, Skrjabinema ovis and Bunostomum
trigonocephalum.20-21 May 2023, Ankar
Najvažniji insekti paraziti pčela
No full textSmall hive beetles, Aethina tumida, are parasites and scavengers of honey
bee.Females lay eggs in the spaces between the frames and the hive wall.
Adult and larvae small hive beetles feed on honey bee brood, honey and
pollen, thus causing brood death, fermentation of honey and comb
destruction. The beetles can promote structural collapse of the nest and
cause the adult honey bees to abscond.Male bube košnice, Aethina tumida, su paraziti pčela koji štete celoj zajednici u košnici. Ženke polažu jaja u prostore između okvira i zida košnice. Odrasle i larve se hrane pčelinjim leglom, medom i polenom, uzrokujući uginuće legla, fermentaciju meda i uništavanje saća. Male bube košnice mogu da promovišu strukturalni kolaps gnezda i da izazovu bekstvo odraslih pčela
Značaj artropodnih vektora u prenošenju i epidemiologiji afričke kuge svinja
No full textAfrička kuga svinja (AKS) je virusna hemoragična bolest domaćih i divljih svinja koja se
širi u Evropi sa istoka na zapad kontinuirano od 2007. godine kada je virus unesen u Gruziju
putem otpada iz luke. Jedna je od najznačajnijih bolesti svinja kada se u obzir uzmu posledice po
zdravlje životinja, ekonomske štete i posledice po društvo u celini. Odsustvo specifične terapije i
mogućnosti za vakcinaciju kod svinja u Evropi svrstava ovu bolest kao prioritetnu za sprečavanje
njene pojave, suzbijanje širenja i iskorenjivanje, ali i nameće potrebu za daljim istraživanjima
osobina virusa afričke kuge svinja i njegovog odnosa sa vektorima i domaćinom.
Virus afričke kuge svinja je DNK virus iz familije Asfarviridae i roda Asfivirus, čija
transmisija je dokazana kod nekoliko vrsta mekih krpelja iz roda Ornithodoros što ovaj virus
svrstava u grupu arbovirusa (virusa koje prenose artropodni vektori- arthropod-borne virus).
Prisustvo mekih-argasidnih krpelja roda Ornithodoros u Evropi je ograničeno na vrstu
Ornithodoros erraticus i na uska područja južnog dela Evrope (Španija). Dokazano je da tvrdi
krpelji, najrasprostranjenije vrste krpelja u Evropi nisu biološki vektori virusa afričke kuge svinja.
Međutim, postoji mogućnost prenosa virusa afričke kuge svinja putem niza artropodnih vektora
na primer iz familija Ceratopogonidae, Culicidae, Tabanidae, Muscidae o čijoj se ulozi u prenosu
virusa afričke kuge svinja i epidemiologiji bolesti malo zna.
Cilj ovog rada je da prikaže trenutna saznanja o najčešće označenim potencijalnim
artropodnim vrstama vektora virusa afričke kuge svinja u Evropi i Republici Srbiji
Prevalence and genotype distribution of caprine papillomavirus in peripheral blood of healthy goats in farms from three European countries
No full textCaprine papillomaviruses (ChPVs, Capra hircus papillomaviruses) were detected and quantified for the first time using droplet digital polymerase chain reaction (ddPCR) in blood samples of 374 clinically healthy goats from farms located in Italy, Romania, and Serbia. Overall, ddPCR revealed ChPV DNA in 78 of the 374 examined samples, indicating that ∼21% of the goats harbored circulating papillomavirus DNA. In particular, in Italian goat farms, ChPV genotypes were detected and quantified in 58 of 157 blood samples (∼37%), 11 of 117 samples from Serbian farms (∼9.4%), and 9 of 100 from Romanian blood samples (9%). Blood samples from Italian goat farms showed a high prevalence of ChPV1, which was detected in 45 samples (28.6%). The ChPV2 genotype was detected in 13 samples (∼8.3%). Therefore, significant differences in prevalence and genotype distributions were observed. On Serbian and Romanian farms, no significant differences were observed in the genotype prevalence of ChPVs. Molecular findings are consistent with ChPV prevalence, characterized by a territorial distribution similar to that of papillomaviruses in other mammalian species. Furthermore, this study showed that ddPCR is a very sensitive and accurate assay for ChPV detection and quantification. The ddPCR may be the molecular diagnostic tool of choice, ultimately providing useful insights into the molecular epidemiology and field surveillance of ChPV
Viral swine pathogens in the air
No full textMnoge zarazne bolesti se prenose vazduhom. Jedinke koje pokazuju kliničke
simptome respiratornih bolesti izlučuju uzročnika u sekretu, zatim
iskašljavanjem u vidu kapljica uzročnici dospevaju u spoljašnju sredinu u
kojoj mogu opstati zaštićeni unutar kapljica. Crevni patogeni se takođe mogu
širiti putem vazduha uz pomoć čestica prašine koje se podižu aktivnim
kretanjem životinja i osoblja na farmi. Neinvazivne metode uzorkovanja su
vrlo značajne za brz i jednostavan uvid u zdravstveno stanje zapata,
isključujući individualne varijacije između jedinki, i ujedno neometajući
redovne aktivnosti na farmi. Ranije je pokazano da je oralna tečnost kao uzorak
dobijen neinvazivnim putem veoma pouzdan za utvrđivanje statusa zapata.
Međutim, u našoj studiji, ispitali smo prisustvo virusnih patogena svinja u
vazduhu, uključujući virus influence svinja, cirkovirus tip dva svinja kao i
virus respiratornog i reproduktivnog sindroma svinja. Vazduh je uzorkovan
upotrebom „Aerokolekt“ uređaja. Princip rada „Aerokolekt“ uređaja je
zasnovan na strujanju vazduha kroz jednokratan čip iz kog se u laboratoriji
direktnom elucijom dobija uzorak nukleinske kiseline pogodan za PCR
analize. Uzorci su sakupljeni sa 5 farmi svinja koje imaju potvrđeno prisustvo
navedenih virusnih patogena. Rezultati ispitivanja vazduha su poređeni sa
rezultatima dobijenim iz uobičajeno sakupljenih uzoraka. Preliminarnim
rezultatima je utvrđeno da je ispitivanje vazduha pogodno za utvrđivanje
prisustva navedenih uzročnika na farmi. Primenom metodologije uzorkovanja
vazduha, može se vršiti aktivan nadzor na prisustvo patogena, održavanje
slobodnog statusa od bolesti, kao i rana detekcija patogena. Značajne
prednosti ispitivanja vazduha su i očuvanje dobrobiti, usled izostanka
direktnog kontakta sa životinjama.Many infectious diseases are transmitted by air. Individuals which show clinical signs
of respiratory diseases excrete the culprit, and through expectoration in the form of
droplets, the causative agents end up in the external environment where they can
remain be protected within the droplets. Enteral pathogens can also be transmitted by
air, through dust particles lifted by active animal and farm staff movement. Noninvasive sampling methods are significant for swift and simple insight into the health
status of a herd, excluding individual variations, and withal not disrupting regular
farm activities. Earlier it was shown that oral fluid samples, acquired by non-invasive
methods, are a reliable way of determining the status of a herd. Meanwhile, our study
tested the presence of viral swine pathogens in the air, including the swine influenza
virus, circovirus type two, and the respiratory and reproductive syndrome virus. The
air was sampled using the “Aerocollect” device. The working principle of the
“Aerocollect” apparatus is based on the flow of air through a single-use chip from
which nucleic acid can be eluted and used for PCR analysis. The samples were
collected from five pig farms, which had a confirmed presence of the beforementioned
viral swine pathogens. The results of the analysis were compared with results from
traditionally collected samples. The preliminary results confirm that air sampling can
be used for determining the presence of the mentioned pathogens on a farm. By
applying air sampling methodology, active surveillance for the presence of pathogens
can be conducted, as well as the maintenance of free disease status, and early pathogen
detection. Considerable advantages of air sampling are the preservation of animal
welfare and the absence of direct animal contact