REPONIVS - Repository of Scientific Institute for Veterinary Medicine of Serbia
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Mikotoksini - uloga i značaj u živinarstvu
No full textŽivina je osetljiva na mikotoksine u meri koja delom zavisi od vrste, starosti i proizvodne kategorije, uslova sredine i ishrane, a delom od vrste, količine i trajanja izloženosti ovim sekundarnim metabolitima plesni. Poznato je da prisustvo mikotoksina dovodi do značajnih zdravstvenih poremećaja i pada proizvodnih rezultata, a posledično do značajnih ekonomskih gubitka – bilo direktnih usled uginuća, ili indirektnih zbog smanjenja telesne mase, broja i kvaliteta jaja, povećanja konverzije hrane i imunosupresije. Imunosupresija rezultira većom prijemčivošću za infektivne agense i lošim vakcinalnim odgovorom. Štaviše, rezidue mikotoksina u mesu peradi, jajima i proizvodima dobijenim od njih predstavljaju pretnju po ljudsko zdravlje (Resanović i sar., 2009). lako je do sada otkriveno više stotina mikotoksina od koji se manji broj smatra štetnim, njihova učestalost, potencijalno sinergističko dejstvo, kao i pojava različitih oblika zahteva poseban oprez svih učesnika u lancu proizvodnje hrane (Nešić i sar., 2021).Predavanje po poziv
Biosigurnost u šaranskoj priozvodnji
No full textSve veći zahtevi tržišta za ribom, trend smanjenja proizvodnje ribe na godišnjem nivou i povećanje cene ribe na tržištu su samo mali broj problema sa kojima se susreće ribarska proizvodnja u Srbiji. Biosigurnost u akvakulturi je od krucijalne važnosti kako bi se osigurala zdravstveno bezbedna proizvodnja. Prilikom izrade plana biosigurnosti potrebno je obuhvatiti i uzeti u obzir specifinosti proizvodnje za koju se plan pravi, ali i pocenu ekonomske opravdanosti izrade istog. Glavni ciljevi biosigurnosti obuhvataju adekvatno upravljanje zdravljem gajenih riba, upravljanje javnim zdravljem i inkorporacija dobre biosigurnosne prakse u sistem proizvodnje. Uvodenje nacionalnih programa biosigurnosti je od izuzetne važnosti kako bi se prvo idetihkovali potencijalni načini unošenja i širenja bolesti u zemlji i regioni, ali što je još važnije da se tačno preciziraju mere kontrole koje bi uticale na smanjenje rizika povezanog sa vrstom bolesti za svaku proizvodnje posebno. Cilj rada je da se naglasi uloga biosigunosti u razvoju i unapredenju šaranske proizvodnje i proizvodnji ribe kao bezbedne i kvalitetne namirnice. Implementacija adekvatnih programa biosigurnosti je neophodna u svim zemljama koje odgovorno pristupaju zaštitu zivotne sredine, zaštiti i unapredenju poljoprivredne proizvodnje i zaštiti biodiverziteta.he increasing demands of the market for fish, the trend of decreasing fish production on an annual level and the increase in the price of fish on the market are just a few of the problems faced by the fishing industry in Serbia. Biosecurity in aquaculture is of crucial importance to ensure healthy production. When creating a biosecurity plan, it is necessary to include and take into account the specifics of the production for which the plan is being created, as well as the assessment of the economic justification. The main objectives of biosecurity include adequate management of farmed fish health, public health management and incorporation of good biosecurity practices into the production system. The introduction of national biosecurity programs is of utmost importance in order to first identify the potential ways of introduction and spread of diseases in the country and regions, but more importantly to precisely specify the control measures that would affect the reduction of the risk associated with the type of disease for each production separately. The aim of the work is to emphasize the role of biosecurity in the development and improvement of carp production and fish production as a safe and quality food. The implementation of adequate biosecurity programs is necessary in all countries that responsibly approach the protection of the environment, the protection and improvement of agricultural production and the protection of biodiversity
Retrospective phylogenetic analysis of rabies virus G and N genes from Serbia
No full textRabies is a viral disease of the central nervous system of all warm-blooded animals
and one of the oldest and most important zoonoses. In the Republic of Serbia, rabies is controlled by compulsory vaccination of dogs and cats and oral vaccination of
wild carnivores, which has been implemented since 2010. In the period 2009–2018,
367 rabies cases were recorded. The last rabies case in Serbia was recorded in 2018
in a red fox (Vulpes vulpes), while the last case in dogs was diagnosed in 2011. This
study aimed to perform a retrospective phylogenetic analysis of G and N genes of
the rabies virus from Serbia from 2009 to 2018 to understand sources and pathways
of infection better and to enable molecular virus tracing in the future based on the
association of rabies virus genetic lineages with the geographic distribution. For the
phylogenetic analysis of the rabies virus, 14 historically positive brain samples of red
foxes from 2009 to 2018, collected in central Serbia, were used. All field strains from
Serbia were identified as classic rabies virus and grouped within the Cosmopolitan lineage. Phylogenetic analysis of N gene sequences revealed that 13 rabies virus strains
(92.9%) from Serbia belonged to the EE sub-lineage of isolates, while one virus (7.1%)
ON988027 from 2011 clustered together with isolates from the WE sub-lineage
Nutritional value and fatty acid profile of dry sausages traditionally prepared in eastern Serbia
No full textIn this study, the main goal was to examine traditionally prepared home-made
dry fermented sausages known as peglana sausages. The nutritional
composition, moisture and profile of fatty acids were analyzed. The analysis dry
fermented sausages were traditionally produced in eastern Serbia since the 19th
century, and some believe much earlier. These sausages are produced in this
way only in the town of Pirot, for which this town is famous, because peglana
sausages are a well-known specialty when talking about the uniqueness and
quality of food. The reason is the characteristic way of preparation, the special
way of drying and their specific taste. The method of preparation involves the use
of high-quality raw meat from autochthonous animals from the mountain of the
Stara Planina estate, which is in the vicinity of Pirot. During the preparation, the
microwave extraction method of fatty acids was used in parallel, and the results
obtained were compared with the results obtained by conventional preparation.
Sausages are characterized as products with low moisture content and high
protein content. The amount of saturated, monounsaturated and polyunsaturated
acids as the ration of the total fatty acids was 53.6%, 34.35% and 12.03%
respectively. Fatty acids were determined in the form of methyl esters of fatty
acids after extraction and esterification of fats based on calibration curves of 37
different acids and by measuring the ratio of peak area, standard peak area and
internal standard area. The main essential fatty acids present in dry peglana
sausage are palmitic acid, stearic acid and oleic acid. Using the mean values
obtained for the composition of fatty acids, health indices were calculated and a
low value of atherogenic index (AI) was obtained. Gas chromatography
with flame ionization detection (GC/FID) was used to quantify the fatty acid
profile.This chapter is an extended version of the article published by the same author(s) in the following journal.
InIOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science, 2019;333(1):012106
Overview of non-invasive sampling methods used in intensive swine farming
No full textMonitoring the health of swine herds is essential to ensure good manufacturing
practices. Traditionally, active and passive surveillance on farms involved invasive
sampling methods, where specific animals were selected, restrained, and sampled.
However, with the increasing intensity of swine production, alternative methods for
effective herd surveillance became necessary.
Non-invasive sampling provides a convenient and cost-effective approach to monitor
the entire herd without compromising animal welfare, while still obtaining suitable
samples for testing. Oral fluids have been widely used in both human and livestock
health surveillance for various viral pathogens, including significant diseases. Nasal
wipes (NW) utilize different cloth materials soaked in phosphate-buffered saline
(PBS) or tissue culture medium with antibiotics and antimycotics to sample for swine
influenza virus (SIV). Udder skin wipes (USW) offer an alternative method to assess
the health status of piglets in a litter. During routine procedures such as tail docking
and castration, a mixture of blood and serum can be collected, known as process fluids
(PF), which has proven successful in monitoring herds for the presence of porcine
reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV). Furthermore, air sampling has emerged as a novel technique to detect pathogens in various farming systems and
animal species. This method offers the advantage of obtaining diagnostic samples
without direct animal contact.
By employing these non-invasive sampling methods, swine producers can implement
effective surveillance strategies while maintaining animal welfare standards and
obtaining reliable diagnostic information
Occurence of Strongylus vulgaris of domestic mountain horse in Serbia
No full textLarge strongyles are considered one of the most pathogenic parasites that can affect equines. Horses can be affected by three primary species of large strongyles, namely: Strongylus vulgaris, S. edentatus and S.equinus. S. vulgaris, also known as the bloodworm, is the most significant and detrimental large strongyle. The life cycle is direct. Eggs are passed in the faeces and the first-stage larva that hatches from each egg moults twice to the third, infective stage. Infection of horses is by ingestion of these larvae. Once ingested, S. vulgaris larvae penetrate the mucosal lining of the horse’s gastrointestinal tract, typically in the cecum or colon. They molt into fourth stage larvae (L4) in the submucosa, migrating into the small arteries. Subsequently, these larvae migrate into the cranial mesenteric artery and its branches, which are responsible for delivering oxygenated blood and nutrients to the intestines. In rare cases, the larvae can enter other vessels and spread throughout the horse’s body. Several months later, these larvae molt into fifth stage larvae (L5) and return to the gut wall where nodules form around the larvae. These nodules rupture releasing young adult parasites into the intestinal lumen. During examinations of the domestic mountain horse which are autochthonous breed, kept in a semi-free system the highest prevalence has infection with Strongylus edentatus we established at 41.53% horses. During our research, despite the high prevalence, the intensity of infections was low, so we had no recorded clinical cases of the disease
Biodiversity of Intestinal Parasites in Domestic Mountain Horses on Stara Planina
No full textThe domestic mountain horse is an autochthonous breed of horse that originated in the Balkans, which, with the support of the fund for the protection of genetic resources, began to restore the population of this breed, primarily in the area of Stara Planina. Intestinal parasite tests were performed on domestic mountain horses in three separate pastures on Stara Planina. A total of 124 horses from three herds were tested In Izatovac we 44 tested horses, in Boljev Dol 30 and in Borovsko polje 50 horses. All the horses were kept in a semi-free system on mountain pastures - during the day they were in pastures, moving freely in a space of several kilometers around the farm, only to be closed during the night due to the danger of wolves, usually in the same facilities with sheep, goats and cows. The diet was based exclusively on pasture. All horses were clinically healthy, in solid condition, which was at its best in early summer, when the grass was at its most lush. For coprological diagnostics, sedimentation and flotation methods with a saturated solution of NaCl and ZnSO4 were used in parallel. The Clayton-Lane method was used to count parasite eggs. Identification of parasite eggs was done on the basis of morphometric characteristics. Based on the
results of the examination, the following parasites were found: Trichostrongylus axei in 66.67%, Strongylus edentatus in 83.33%, and Parascaris equorum.33.33%
Dog babesiosis at Belgrade area: retrospective analysis of registrate clinical cases at last ten years
No full textBabesiosis is a tick-borne disease of dogs caused by protozoan parasite belonging to genus Babesia. In Serbia the presence of Babesia canis and B.gibsoni has been recorded in past decades. Spread of babesiosis in dogs in Belgrade area has been continuously examined since 1997. In this paper we present the results of prevalence for babesiosis in dogs in the period 2010-2019.
In total 3085 dogs' blood samples with clinical signs of babesiosis (anemia, haemoglobinuria, fever, pale of mucous membrane etc.) or infested with ticks were examined. We used capillary blood for examination, blood films were air-dried, fixed in absolute methanol (>99.8%) for 1 minute and stained with 10% Giemsa stain for 20-30 minutes. Babesia species were identified by morphometric characteristics.
The positive results were found in 36.69% (1132/3085) of suspected animals. Throughout years the following results were obtained: in 2010 babesiosis was established in 35.47%; in 2011 in 36.26%; 2012 in 41.04%; 2013 in 33.74%; 2014 in 34.96%; in 2015 in 31.88%; in 2016 in 33.77%; in 2017 in41.71%; in 2018 in 37.97% and in 2019 in 35.97%. Dominant Babesia species occurred during our examination was B.canis establish in more than 95% positive cases. The dynamics of occurrence of dog babesiosis was monitored from January to December. They showed that babesiosis occurs throughout the year in dogs. It was noted that the increase in incidence of dog babesiosis started in the interval March-April. May was the month of infection maximum, decreasing gradually until July. The autumn infection peak occurred in September and the lowest level in December.
The number of positive findings of Babesia spp. in dogs in period 2010-2019 was about the same level, with small deviations, within the investigation period. The appearnce of babesiosis in dogs coincided with he seasonal dynamic of vector ticks especially Rhipicephalus sanguieneus, Dermacentor reticulatus and D. marginatus.Book of abstracts: EPIZONE 15th annual meeting 26-28 April 2023, Novi Sa
Some experiences from workshops on biosecurity measures intended for domestic animal breeders
No full textStarting in 2003, primarily motivated by the re-emergence of brucellosis in small ruminants after
several decades, several workshops were held on the topic of how breeders can reduce the risk
of introducing various infectious diseases in their farms. The later outbreaks of different diseases
maintained the interest of breeders in the topic of biosecurity and protection of their breeding
from infectious diseases. The goal of the lecture was not for breeders to know the characteristics
of certain diseases, but to become aware of their existence, the risks for their breeding and what
they can do to reduce the risk of introducing them into their breeding. Our experiences are: 1.
breeders should know the health status of their herds, not only in terms of diseases that are
necessarily controlled by state surveillance programs, a breeder whose herd is free from other
infections pays more attention to measures to protect his herd; 2. it is not reasonable to believe
that farmers will accept all recommendations at once, it takes time to accept and understand the
significance; 3. the acceptance and embracing of new knowledge are less likely from older
breeders (in terms of age) and those who have small-scale production; 4. for the breeder, the
level of investment is critical to the adoption of new biosecurity measures, it is desirable that the
lecturer knows the basics of financial movements in a particular branch of animal production in
order to better understand the possibilities of the breeder, and that he does not set too high
requirements, because then the breeder will be excluded from the measures that are easier to
implement.Tirana, Albania, on 20th and 21st 202
Effect of storage time on lipid profile of cooked sauseges
No full textProduženje roka upotrebe je jedan od osnovnih izazova industrije mesa, sa aspekta bezbednosti hrane, ali i negativnih ekonomskih i ekoloških uticaja gubitaka hrane. Osim da se obezbedi bezbednost i higijenska ispravnost proizvoda, ključno je očuvati njegova kvalitativna svojstva tokom roka upotrebe. Cilj ovog istraživanja je da utvrdi hemijski s i masnokiselinski profil vakuum upakovanih pilećih barenih kobasica, tokom 45 dana skladištenja na temperaturi od 0 do +4°C. Isptivanja su vršena od 0-og do 45-og dana, na svakih 10 dana u jednakim vremenskim intervalima. AOAC (2021) je korišćen za utvrđivanje sadržaja vlage, masti, proteina i pepela. Determinacija masnih kiselina izvršena je na gasnom hromatografu (GC6890N, Agilent Tech., USA). Ukupan sadržaj proteina (15,50±0,39%) u ispitivanim uzorcima je bio u skladu sa regulativom (>12%), dok je sadržaj masti bio na nivou od 14,30%. pH vrednost u ispitivanim uzorcima opada tokom perioda skladištenja, statistički značajno nakon 30-og dana (P12%). Total fat conten was at the level of 14,30%. Decrease of pH during storage is noticed in examined sausages, with the staistical significance after 30 days of storage (P<0.05). Degradation of glycogen, as a result of microbial activity, will lead to lactic acid formation and pH decrease. Changes in fatty acid profile during shelf life were noted. SFA increased and MUFA and PUFA decreased during refrigerating storage. Hypercholesterolemic fatty acids increased, while the content of hypocholesterolemic fatty acids decreased. The highest increase in concentration was recorded in stearic acid (P<0.05) that is considered as neutral, followed by myristic which exert atherogenic effects. Among unsaturated fatty acids, most prevalent was palmitic acid (17,09±0,11 and 16,99±0,12, 0 i 45 day, respectively). Changes in the fatty acids may indicate a decrease in the sausages nutritional value during storage. However, it can be concluded that the products do not change significantly in terms of lipid status