REPONIVS - Repository of Scientific Institute for Veterinary Medicine of Serbia
Not a member yet
1296 research outputs found
Sort by
Morka – od ukrasne ptice do nutritivno vrednog obroka
No full textU poređenju sa ostalom živinom, gajenje morki (biserki) ima određene prednosti
kao što su niska proizvodna cena, dobra sposobnost adaptacije na različite uslove
sredine i veća otpornost na bolesti. Postoji nekoliko varijeteta morki u zavisnosti od
boje perja: plavičasta, siva, bela, crna, tamno siva. Kod nas je najzastupljenija
tamnosiva morka sa belim tačkama koje podsećaju na bisere, pa otuda i naziv biserke.
Uglavnom se gaje kao ukrasna živina.Odrasla jedinka ima telesnu masu od oko 1450g.
Godišnje nose od 50 do 80 jaja, a u intenzivnom sistemu gajenja mogu da snesu i do
200 jaja. Prosečna masa jajeta je 38g. Genotip, pol i uslovi držanja imaju veliki uticaj
na klanične osobine. Sivamorka ima najveću masu trupa 914g. Masagrudi bele morke
je 276 g, bataka 55g, a karabataka oko 69g. Meso morke ima neznatno više proteina
od pilećeg i ćurećeg mesa i upola manje masti, pa otuda i manju energetsku vrednost.
Meso morke sadrži čak osam esencijalnih aminokiselina i zbog toga je nutritivno
veoma vredno. Bogato je mineralima (Ca, Mg, Mn, P, K, Na, Cu, Fe, Zn) i vitaminima (B
grupa). Sadržaj gvožđa u crvenom mesu morki (batak 1,46mg/100g, karabatak
1,33mg/100g) može zadovoljiti dnevne potrebe konzumenata. Sadržaj masnih
kiselina varira u zavisnosti od ishrane morki, klime i uslova držanja. Od zasićenih
masnih kiselina, palmitinske najviše ima u grudima 24,37% i miristinske koje ima
najviše u bataku 0,42%. Od mononezasićenih masnih kiselina oleinske najviše ima u
karabataku 25,81%. Od polinezasićenih masnih kiselina najviše je zastupljena linolna
(grudi 28,62%, batak 32,58% i karabatak 42,57%), dok alfa-linoleinske najviše ima u
grudima 0,51%, zatim u karabataku 0,39% i najmanje u bataku 0,11%. Meso morki je karakterističnog prijatnog ukusa, a potražnja je veća u odnosu na ponudu, što može
biti podstrek budućim proizvođačima.Referat po poziv
Simplified validation and optimization methods for determination polychlorinated biphenyls in tuna fish
No full textPolychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) represent important environmental pollutants from
the group of persistent organic pollutants. Although the use of PCBs is banned in many
countries, but they still figure in the environment. Due to its lipophilic character and
accumulation in fats, food of animal origin is the one that is most exposed to accumulation
and the possibility of the presence of PCB residues [2, 3]. It can be said that fish can be
considered environmental indicators. Consumption of fish and fish products is growing
globally, because consumers see fish as a natural and safe product. Fish safety control and
testing for the presence of PCBs is important because it is an indicator of the state of the
environment.
The aim of this research is to present the current determination of PCBs in fatty tissue
of tuna fish. Gas chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry (GC/MS) was used for
the detection of selected polychlorinated biphenyls. The work was performed for validation
of the most important congeners (PCB 28, 52, 101, 153, 138 and 180) which are defined by
national and international legislation.Poster prezentacije,
Kladovo, 4-7th June 202
Kashmir bee virus
No full textThe Kashmir Bee Virus is common globally and is regarded as one of the most virulent
among all viruses that affect honey bees. Originally, this virus was isolated from samples of
adult Apis cerana bees that came to Rothamsted (UK) from Kashmir. One of the things that
make it so different from other viruses, is the fact that it does not cause infection when
developing honey bee ingests it. It also persists in its dormant state in adult and developing
bees, and will never show any clear symptoms. Nevertheless, the virus becomes fatal when
transmitted by Varroa mites, and will affect all forms of the honey bee life cycle. And it
displays no apparent symptoms.
The virus affects both brood and adult bees. Infected adults die within a few days of exposure
to the virus but infected larvae may survive and develop into seemingly unaffected adults.
While Kashmir bee virus infection alone may not be of much significance, it has been
implicated as part of a much larger agricultural issue. The virus can kill colonies even when
there is a moderate level of mite infestation, just like with the Acute Bee Paralysis Virus
(ABPV). The KBV is closely related to the ABPV when analyzed genetically and
serologically. It is believed that both viruses must have originated from the same ancestor and
taken different evolution paths in secluded geographic regions. The viruses can co-infect the
same honey bee colony and affect the same bee, making the situation much worse.
In Serbia, Kashmir bee virus genome was detected in one sample of imported honey. Since,
as of yet, there has been no evidence of KBV circulation in Serbia, after its detection in
imported honey, there is a substantial risk of its introduction and consequently the need for its
surveillance
Evropska kuga pčelinjeg legla – ukratko
No full textEuropean foulbrood of honeybee (EFB) is a bacterial disease that infects
young brood up to 48 hours of age. The primary causative agent is
Melissococcus plutonius, a Gram-positive lanceolate or round bacterium
that requires cultivation under artificial conditions.
Identification of this disease in the field during its presence is unreliable if
not accompanied by laboratory confirmation. The most common and
obvious sign is larval death shortly before brood closure, however this is not
pathognomonic of EFB, and most infected colonies show few visible signs
of disease. The infection remains enzootic within the individual colony/hive and therefore relapses of the disease can be expected in the coming years.
The disease is widespread throughout the world and is a growing problem in
some areas.Evropska kuga pčelinjeg legla (EK) je bakterijska bolest koja zaražava mlado leglo do 48h starosti. Primarni uzročnik je Melissococcus plutonius, gram pozitivna lancetasta ili okrugla bakterija koja je zahtvna za uzgoj u veštačkim uslovima. Identifikacija ove bolesti na terenu tokom njenog prisustva je nepouzdana ako nije praćena laboratorijskim potvrdom. Najčešći i najočigledniji znak je smrt larvi neposredno pre zatvaranja legla, međutim to nije patognomonično za EK, a uz to većina zaraženih kolonija pokazuje malo vidljivih znakova bolesti. Infekcija ostaje enzootska iznutra pojedinačne kolonije/košnice i zato se mogu očekivati recidivi bolesti u narednim godinama. Bolest je široko rasprostranjena širom sveta i predstavlja sve veći problem u nekim oblastima
Low internal biosecurity: factor that favours maintenance of influenza on commercial farrow to wean pig farm in Serbia
No full textSwine influenza A is the most common respiratory disease in pig production around the world, as well as an important respiratory pathogen that affects pig health, welfare, productivity, and has zoonotic potential. Internal biosecurity practices during the pre-weaning period are critical in farms with an endemic presence of swine influenza to prevent infection and stop transmission. The current study aimed to determine whether there is a link between internal biosecurity and maintenance of influenza on the farm.
A Biocheck online survey (https://biocheckgent.com) was used to assess biosecurity at one farrow to wean pig farm in Serbia. Each assessed category was scored on a scale of 0 (worst-case scenario) to 100% (the best scenario). In the nursery, 10 udder skin wipes were obtained from lactating sows, whereas in the weaned piglets, 10 samples of oral fluid were collected and analysed for the presence of swine influenza A RNA using real-time RT-PCR. Throughout a year of monitoring, samples were collected six times every two months.
The external biosecurity assessment resulted in a score of 88%, compared to the Serbian average of 69% and the global average of 76%. External biosecurity assessments revealed the lowest scores for animal transport, carcass removal, and manure removal (71%). Internal biosecurity revealed a score of 67%, compared to the national average of 44% and the global average of 69%. Internal biosecurity was confirmed to have the lowest percentage score (36%) for the farrowing and suckling period. In this study, the overall biosecurity score for the pig farm was 78%. The national average was 57%, while the global average was 73%.
During 12 months of monitoring, swine influenza A virus positivity rate in investigated farm remained high in both set of samples. For udder skin wipes, the positivity rate ranged from 30% to 60%, and for oral fluid samples, it ranged from 50% to 80%. There was no seasonal variation in the positivity rate.
This study revealed low level of internal biosecurity for the farrowing and suckling period. The following suggestions were made to the farm manager: avoid moving pigs between litters after they are 3 days old; avoid using nurse sows; farm workers should change disposable gloves between litters; not entering in
farrowing crates and perform daily disinfection of fomites. Implementing vaccination is another preventive measure that needs to be discussed.
This study helped to identify gaps on biosecurity and risky practices in the pig farm evaluated
Biosigurnosne mere u ekstenzivnoj proizvodnji svinja – analiza aktivnosti čoveka kao faktora u širenju afričke kuge svinja
No full textAfrička kuga svinja je na teritoriji Srbije prisutna već duže od tri godine, pri čemu je u
periodu 2020-2022 dominirala pojava zarišta na jugoistoku drzave, u okruzima koji se nalaze
neposredno uz granicu sa Rumunijom i Bugarskom. Tokom 2022. godine dijagnostikovani su i
prvi slučajevi u populaciji domaćih i divljih svinja na severoistoku države, neposredno uz
graničnu liniju sa Rumunijom. Karakteristika navedenih žarišta AKS je dominacija ekstenzivne
stočarske proizvodnje sa malim brojem domaćih svinja u seoskim gazdinstvima ali vrlo često sa
visoko rizičnim aktivnostima vlasnika/drzalaca koji nesvesno uspostavljaju direktnu i/ili
indirektnu vezu sa inficirnom populacijom divljih svinja u okruženju.
U radu je prikazana epizootiološka analiza i sagledavanje uloge čoveka u širenju AKS u
ekstenzivnoj proizvodnji svinja. Analizom je obuhvaćeno ukupno 26 ekstenzivnih proizvodnih
jedinica u tipu seoskog gazdinstva, porodične farme, u okviru kojih je potvrdjena AKS u periodu
2020-2022 godine. Pri tome, analizirane su ključne biosigurnosne mere koje su danas prepoznate
kao osnovne u sprečavanju širenja i suzbijanju AKS. Istraživanje je imalo za cilj jednu
retrospektivnu analizu biosigurnosnih rizika kao faktora koji su potencijalno uključeni u širenju
AKS u populaciji domaćih svinja. Analizom su obuhvaćeni poznati faktori koji su tradicionalno
prisutni u ekstenzivnoj proizvodnji svinja kao što su ograda oko dvorišta, klanje svinja u seoskom
gazdinstvu, ishrana pomijama, prirodni pripust, učešće vlasnika u lovnim aktivnostima, ulazak
transportnh vozila itd.
U okviru strategije sprečavanja širenja i suzbijanja AKS, neophodno je usmeriti aktivnosti
na promenu svesti i edukaciju držalaca o osnovnim ali vrlo efikasnim biosigurnosnim merama
koje je apsolutno moguće implementirati u ekstenzivnoj proizvodnji. Medjutim, podjednako bi
bila važna i aktivnost države u smislu minimalne ali stimulacione finansijske podrške u realizaciji
eksternih, praktičnih mera biosigurnosti u ekstenzivnoj proizvodnji svinja
Trematode kod svinja
No full textKlasa Trematoda, u narodu poznatija kao metlji, obuhvata parazite čije telo nije
segmentisano na člančiće i poseduju organe za pričršćivanja u vidu jakih muskuloznih pijavki.
Kod svinja parazitira mali broj trematoda od kojih je većina u adultnom obliku a neke se nalaze
incistirane u larvarnom stadijumu najčešće u mišićima svinja. U Evropi je prisutan mali broj
trematoda ali su one zato u Aziji u velikom broju prisutne u patologiji svinja i ljudi. Ovde će mo
dati prikaz najznačajnih zoonotske trematoda svinja: Alaria alata, Fasciola hepatica, Dicrocelium
dendriticum, Fasciolopsis buski, Clonorchis sinensis i Opisthorchis felineus
Results of laboratory examinations of abortions in cattle on the Belgrade epizootiological area in the period from 2019 - 2022
No full textPobačaj u govedarstvu predstavlja prekid graviditeta i istiskivanje nezrelog
ploda iz uterusa u periodu između 42. i 260. dana steonosti. Prema etiologiji
pobačaji se dele na infektivne i neinfektivne. Infektivni uzročnici pored
pobačaja mogu prouzrokovati i druge zdravstvene poremećaje, dovodeći na taj način
do povećanja direktnih i indirektnih ekonomskih gubitaka u proizvodnji. Neki
od njih (Brucella spp, Coxiella burnetii, Listeria monocytogenes) zbog zoonotskog
potencijala koji poseduju predstavljaju zdravstveni rizik po humanu populaciju.
Iz ovih razloga laboratorijska dijagnostika infektivnih uzročnika pobačaja kod
goveda predstavlja obavezan deo zdravstvenog nadzora populacije goveda u
Republici Srbiji, i na godišnjem nivou se propisuje kroz Pravilnik o
utvrđivanju Programa mera zdravstvene zaštite životinja. U periodu od 2019. do
2022. godine u Naučni institut za veterinarstvo Srbije je dostavljeno 118 uzoraka
krvnih seruma i 105 uzoraka patološkog materijala od pobačenih plodova od
jedinki uzgajanih na teritoriji beogradskog epizootiološkog područja. Od toga,
23 uzorka seruma i 17 uzoraka poreklom od pobačenih plodova su poreklom od
jedinki uzgajanih na komercijalnoj govedarskoj farmi, dok je preostalih 95
uzoraka seruma i 88 uzoraka od pobačenih plodova uzorkovano na gazdinstvima koja
se odlikuju ekstenzivnom proizvodnjom. Metodama direknog dokazivanja
infektivnih uzročnika u patološkom materijalu poreklom od pobačenog ploda u
dva uzorka je utvrđeno prisustvo virusa goveđe virusne dijareje, u četiri bakterije
Listeria monocytogenes i u jednom protozoe Neospora caninum. U 93,3% ispitanih
uzoraka nije dokazan nijedan od pravilnikom predviđenih infektivnih uzročnika
pobačaja. Indirektnim, serološkim metodama dijagnostike utvrđena je visoka
seroprevalencija na Neospora caninum (29,2%), dok su hlamidioza i kju-groznica
potvrđene redom u 2,5% i 10,2% ispitanih uzoraka. Serološki odgovor na virus
goveđe virusne dijareje i virus infektivnog bovinog rinotraheitisa/pustuloznog
vulvovaginitisa ustanovljen je redom kod 5,3% odnosno 4,2% ispitanih jedinki sa
individualnih gazdinstava, dok su kod životinja sa komercijalne farme usled
primene vakcinacije dobijeni procenti značajno viši (43,5% i 87%).Abortion in cattle is defined as the termination of pregnancy and expulsion of an
immature fetus from the uterus between the 42nd and 260th day of pregnancy.
Abortions can be caused by infectious and non-infectious causative agents. Infectious
agents, besides abortion, can cause additional health disorders, leading to significant
direct and indirect economic losses. Some of them (Brucella spp, Coxiella burnetii,
Listeria monocytogenes) pose a risk to human health as well. Accordingly, laboratory
diagnostics of infectious abortions in cattle is a part of the mandatory surveillance of
cattle health in Serbia. It is dictated on an annual basis through the Legal regulation
on the Program of the Animal Health Protection Measures. In the period from 2019
to 2022, 118 sera and 105 samples of pathological material from aborted fetuses were
collected on the territory of the Belgrade epizootiological area and analyzed at the
Institute of Veterinary Medicine of Serbia. Of these, 23 serа and 17 aborted fetuses
originated from commercial cattle farms, while 95 serа and 88 aborted fetuses were
sampled on farms characterized by extensive production. By methods of direct
detection in the pathological material from fetuses bovine viral diarrhea virus was
detected in two, Listeria monocytogenes in four, and Neospora caninum in one
sample. In 93.3% of analyzed samples, none of the tested pathogens was detected.
Indirect, serological diagnostic methods revealed a high seroprevalence of Neospora
caninum (29.2%), while Chlamydiosis and Q fever were confirmed in 2.5% and
10.2% of the tested samples, respectively. A serological response to the bovine viral
diarrhoea virus and infectious bovine rhinotracheitis/pustular vulvovaginitis virus
were found in 5.3% and 4.2% of the samples from extensive production, respectively,
while due to the vaccination, percentages were significantly higher in analyzed cattle
from intensive production (43.5% and 87% respectively)
Biosecurity in the food production chain : producer support or consumer protection?
No full textBezbednost hrane, kao segment u zaštiti javnog zdravlja, predstavlja jedan od
glavnih ciljeva u obezbeđivanju zdravlja ljudske populacije. Međutim, bezbednost
hrane je ugrožena širom sveta sukobima, političkom nestabilnošću ili ekonomskim
krizama, kako u razvijenim zemljama tako i u zemljama u razvoju. Odgovarajuća
brojnost populacije gajenih životinja, industrijskih i tradicionalnih proizvoda,
predstavljaju ključni faktor u obezbeđivanju dostupnosti hrane. Mere biološkog
osiguranja poboljšavaju dobrobit životinja, smanjujući pojavu bolesti koje ugrožavaju stabilnost i izazivaju oscilacije u dostupnosti proizvoda od mesa i životinjskih
proizvoda kao što su mleko, jaja i med. Biosigurnost je ključni uslov za postizanje
ciljeva u promovisanju, razvoju i jačanju politike i regulatornih okvira za hranu,
poljoprivredu, ribarstvo i šumarstvo. Direktno je povezana sa bezbednošću hrane,
o«uvanjem životne sredine i održivosti poljoprivrede. Nedostatak biosigurnosnih
mera utiče negativno na sve političke i regulatorne okvire. Stoga znanje o glavnim alatima garantuju sigurnost i omogućuje praktičnu primenu koja povećava
isplativost i poboljšava doslednost u svim sektorima. U razvijenim zemljama, sami
potrošači zahtevaju sigurnost i bezbednost hrane koju konzumiraju, koja je povezana sa socijalnim uticajem kao što je bilo prisustvo melamina u mleku ili pak
pojava salmonele u hrani za decu koje su dovele do toga da se uvedu rigoroznije
mere bezbednosti hrane kako bi se sprečilo oboljevanje ljudi usled konzumiranja
kontaminiranih proizvoda. Rastuće interesovanje za biosigurnost rezultat je velikih međunarodnih dešavanja kao što su globalizacija svetske ekonomije, nagli
porast obima komunikacija, transporta i trgovine, tehnološki napredak i rastuća
svest o problemima sa kojima se suočava biološka raznolikost i životna sredina.
Razvoj biosigurnosnih mera u proizvodnji hrane i poljoprivredi uključuju tendenciju ka integraciji i saradnji između više sektora.Food safety, as a segment in the protection of public health, represents one of the
main goals in ensuring the health of the human population. However, food security
is threatened worldwide by conϔlicts, political instability or economic crises, both
in developed and developing countries. Adequate population numbers of farmed
animals, industrial and traditional products are a key factor in ensuring the availability of food. Biosecurity measures improve animal welfare, reducing the occurrence of diseases that threaten stability and cause ϔluctuations in the availability
of meat products and animal products such as milk, eggs and honey. Biosecurity
is a key condition for achieving goals in promoting, developing and strengthening
policy and regulatory frameworks for food, agriculture, ϔisheries and forestry. It
is directly related to food safety, environmental protection and agricultural sustainability. The lack of biosecurity measures has a negative impact on all political
and regulatory frameworks. Therefore, knowledge of the main tools guarantees
safety and enables practical application that increases proϔitability and improves
consistency in all sectors. In developed countries, consumers themselves demand
the safety and security of the food they consume, which is linked to social impacts
such as the presence of melamine in milk or the appearance of salmonella in baby
food that have led to the introduction of more rigorous food safety measures in
order to prevented people from falling ill due to the consumption of contaminated
products. The growing interest in biosecurity is the result of major international
developments such as the globalization of the world economy, the rapid increase
in the volume of communications, transport and trade, technological progress and
the growing awareness of the problems facing biodiversity and the environment.
The development of biosecurity measures in food production and agriculture includes a tendency towards integration and cooperation between multiple sectors
Control of coccidiosis of farm breeding sheep
No full textInfection with coccidia is one of the most common and damaging sheep diseases, particularly young lambs and economically important diseases of sheep. Coccidiosis is caused by parasitic protozoa in the genus Eimeria. Coccidial infection is virtually universal in sheep and large numbers of oocysts may be found in the faeces of clinically normal animals. Usually it is presented at animals at 4-10 weeks.Lamb and kids infection had moderate morbidity and low mortality rate. Environmental contamination and resulting clinical disease is generally influenced by local weather conditions and the grazing management practices of the flock. In our paper, we present measures to control coccidiosis in sheep kept in frame breeding conditions