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Trichinelosis in wild carnivores and their significance in natural cycle of Trichinella spp.
No full textТрихинелоза је широм света присутна зооноза која се преноси конзумирањем
сировог или неправилно термички обрађеног меса или производа од меса
дивљих и домаћих животиња заражених ларвама нематода рода Trichinella.
Дивљи месоједи имају значајну епидемиолошку улогу у силватичном циклусу у
Европи, најчешће ширење Trichinella spp. међу животињама је путем исхране
кроз конзумацију меса одбаченог приликом лова и ингестије лешева који у
мишићном ткиву садрже ларве трихинела.
Од четири врсте Trichinella присутне у Европи (T. spiralis, T. britovi, T. nativa и
T. pseudospiralis), у Србији је присуство Т. spiralis и Т. britovi потврђено код
дивљих месоједа. Иако су статус и трендови популација дивљих карнивора у
Србији стабилни, енормна експанзија популације шакала (Canis aureus) током
последњих 40 година, донела је нове изазове у контроли Trichinella spp.
Циљ нашег истраживања је био да стекнемо увид у преваленцију Trichinella spp.
у популацији дивљих месоједа ( шакали (Canis aureus), лисице (Vulpas vulpes),
дивље мачке (Felis silvaticus) и јазавци (Meles meles)) који су изловљени на три
локалитета који припадају Срему, Граду Београду и Браничевском региону и да
идентификујемо врсте дивљих. месоједа које учествују у природном циклусу
преношења Trichinella spp. у Србији.
Укупно 122 узорка мускулатуре језика животиња одстрељених током 2022. и
2023. године испитано је појединачно коришћењем метода вештачке дигестије.
Тестирано је 67 узорака пореклом од шакала, 43 узорка од лисице, 10 узорака од
јазаваца и 2 од дивљих мачака. Резултати су показали да је 26 (21,14 %) било
позитивно на присуство ларви Trichinella spp. Међу позитивним узорцима је
највише било пореклом од шакала 18 (69,23 %), 7 (26,92 %) узорака пореклом од
лисице, 1 (3,85 %) дивљих мачака и 0 позитивних јазаваца.
Шакали, лисице и дивље мачке укључени су у циклус преноса Trichinella spp. на
основу наших резултата. Молекуларно одређивање врсте трихинеле је
неопходно како би се боље разумели начини преноса и како спречити ширење
дивљих на домаће животиње.Trichinellosis is a worldwide zoonosis acquired by consuming raw or improperly
cooked meat or meat-derived products from wild and domestic animals infected with
larvae of nematode worms of the genus Trichinella. Wild carnivores have major
epidemiological role in the sylvatic cycle in Europe, mostly spreading Trichinella spp.
within animals through carnivorous activities and by their scavenger behaviour.
From four Trichinella species present in Europe (namely T. spiralis, T. britovi, T.
nativa and T. pseudospiralis), in Serbia the presence of T. spiralis and T. britovi is
confirmed in wild carnivores. Although the status and trends of the populations of
wild carnivores in Serbia are stable, enormous expansion of Golden jackal (Canis
aureus) population during last 40 years has brought new challenge in the control of
Trichinella spp.
The aim of our research was to access the prevalence of Trichinella spp. in population
of wild carnivores (Golden jackal (Canis aureus), fox (Vulpes vulpes), wild cat (Felis
silvestris) and badger (Meles meles) in three districts in Serbia (Braničevski, Sremski
and City of Belgrade) and to identify wild carnivore species taking part of the natural
transmission cycle of Trichinella spp. in Serbia.
A total of 122 tongue muscle tissue samples of animals hunted down during 2022 and
2023 were examined using artificial digestion method. We tested 67 samples from
jackal, 43 from foxes, 10 from badgers i 2 from wild cats. The results showed that 26
(21.14 %) were positive for the presence of Trichinella spp. larvae, among them 18
(69.23 %) jackals, 7 (26.92 %) foxes, one (3.85 %) wild cat, while none was positive
from badgers.
Jackals, foxes and wild cats are involved in Trichinella spp. transmission cycle.
Further Trichinella species typing is necessary to better understand modes of
transmission and how to prevent spreading from wild to domestic animals.Zbornik kratkih sadržaj
Implementation of sanitary measures on the farm in the case of Foot and mouth disease
No full textСлинавка и шап (СиШ) спада у нарочито опасне заразне болести домаћих папкара и карактерише је веома нагло и брзо ширење. Болест се преноси директним и индиректним контактом. Вирус је јако отпоран у окружењу где је присутна болест и унутар исте фарме се може лако проширити путем различитих вектора, опреме и чак ветра. Циљ овог рада је прикаже принципе и процедуре санитарних мера на газдинству у случају појаве Слинавке и Шапа. Важан сегмент сузбијања заразе јесте и дезинфекција зараженог газдинства, објеката, опреме, возила, отпадног и другог контаминираног материјала. Поштовање процедура чишћења, прања, дезинфекције су од виталног значаја за искорењивање СиШ на газдинству. Након уклањања лешева врши се прелиминарна дезинфекција газдинства. После 24 сата започиње се просес текућег чишћења и дезинфекције по завршетку дезинфекције, врши се одмор објекта у трајању од 7 дана при чему се врши завршно чишћење и дезинфекција објеката. Поновно усељевање животиња у објекте могуће након укидања мера у зараженом и угроженој зони. Мере и начин ближег поступања на газдинству у случају су дефинисане правилником о утврђивању мера за рано откривање, дијагностику, спречавање ширења, сузбијање и искорењивање заразне болести Слинавке и Шап, "Службени гласник Републике Србије, 15/10".Foot-and-mouth disease (FMD) is one of the particularly dangerous infectious diseases of domestic ungulates and is characterized by a very sudden and rapid spread. The disease is transmitted by direct and indirect contact. The virus is very resistant in the environment where the disease is present and within the same farm it can easily spread through different vectors, equipment and even wind. The aim of this work is to present the principles and procedures of sanitary measures on the farm in case of the occurrence of FMD. Disinfection of infected farms, facilities, equipment, vehicles, waste and other contaminated material is an important segment of infection control. Observance of cleaning, washing, disinfection procedures are of vital importance for the eradication of MFD on the farm. After removing the corpses, preliminary disinfection of the farm is carried out. After 24 hours, the process of ongoing cleaning and disinfection begins, after 7 days of rest, the final cleaning and disinfection of the facilities is carried out. Repopulation of animals into facilities is carried out after the lifting of measures in the infected and protective zone. The measures and method of closer treatment on the farm in the case are defined by the rulebook on establishing measures for early detection, diagnosis, prevention of spread, suppression and eradication of the infectious disease FMD, "Official Gazette of the Republic of Serbia, 15/10"
Assessing the impact of botanical origins, harvest years, and geographical variability on the physicochemical quality of Serbian honey
No full textThis study summarized the physicochemical analysis of 609 honey samples originating
from the Republic of Serbia. Variations among honey samples from different botanical origins,
regions of collections, and harvest years were exposed to descriptive statistics and correlation
analysis that differentiated honey samples. Furthermore, most of the observed physicochemical
parameters (glucose, fructose, sucrose content, 5-hydroxymethylfurfural (5-HMF) levels, acidity, and
electrical conductivity) varied significantly among different types of honey, years, and regions. At the
same time, no noticeable difference was found in diastase activity, moisture content, and insoluble
matter. Based on the obtained results, 22 honey samples could be considered adulterated, due to
the irregular content of sucrose, 5-HMF, acidity, and diastase activity. In addition, 64 honey samples
were suspected to be adulterated. Adulterated and non-compliant samples present a relatively
low percentage (14.1%) of the total number of investigated samples. Consequently, a considerable
number of honey samples met the required standards for honey quality. Overall, these findings
provide insights into compositional and quality differences among various types of honey, aiding in
understanding their characteristics and potential applications.[http://www.mdpi.com/2304-8158/13/10/1530
Analiza faktora koji utiču na efikasnost kontrole i suzbijanja afričke kuge svinja u Srbiji
No full textProšlo je skoro pet godina od momenta kada je na teritorije Republike Srbije potvrdjen
prvi slučaj afričke kuge svinja (AKS). S obzirom da se virus AKS uspešno širi u nove okruge
odnosno svake godine se dijagnostikuje u novim upravnim okruzima ili se pak ponovo
dijagnostikuje u okruzima na čijoj teritoriji je zarazna bolest prethodno odjavljena, može se
reći da je virus AKS sa aspekta puteva širenja i načina prenošenja iskoristio sve nedostatke,
odnosno slabosti svinjarske proizvodnje naše države. Sa druge strane, AKS je opustošila i
brojna lovišta sa aspekta populacije divljih svinja i sasvim sigurno se može reći i da je u
populaciji divljih svinja uspostavljena enzootska infekcija u većem broju okruga. U populaciji
domaćih svinja, dominira ciklus prenošenja u ektenzivnom sistemu uzgoja sa povremenim
unosom virusa u industrijsku proizvodnju svinja. Cilj rada je analiza dosadašnjih dostupnih
podataka, sagledavanje faktora koji su direktno i/ili indirektno uticali na efikasnost zakonom
propisanih mera kontrole i suzbijanja zarazne bolesti. U radu su analizirani praktični primeri
sa terena koji se vrlo često, dominatno odnose na čoveka i njegove aktivnosti u sklopu
tradicionalnog načina gazdovanja a koje sigurno utiču na efikasnost kontrole i suzbijanja
zarazne bolesti. Sa aspekta veterinarske medicine, veoma je važno da se osvrnemo na samu
bolest, u smislu analize da li se može identifikovati predilekciona, rizična kategorija u
ekstenzivnim uslovima uzgoja i da li se klinička slika u odredjenim uslovima modifikuje i
koliko navedeno potencijalno može da utiče na brzinu sprovodjenja dijagnostičkih i zakonom
propisanih kontrolnih mera. S obzirom da Republka Srbija nema zakonom propisane
biosigurnosne mere, doktori veterinarske medicine na terenu, su prva linija komunikacije sa
držaocima svinja, farmerima kojima je neophodno na jednostavan, razumljiv način
prezentovati koncept biosigurnosti bez obzira na obim i proizvodnu orjentaciju proizvodnje.Zbornik radov
Biosecurity and sustainable aquaculture
No full textBiosigurnost predstavlja ključni element u upravljanju akvakulturom kako bi
se sprečilo širenje bolesti među ribama, umanjili gubici i očuvala ekonomska održivost.
Izazovi i problemi u u akvakulturi su raznovrsni, sa mnogo faktora koji
doprinose povećanom riziku od pojave bolesti i uginuća. Ovaj rad istražuje ključne
aspekte biosigurnosti u kontekstu akvakulture, fokusirajući se na zaštitu zdravlja
populacija gajenih riba i održivost akvakulture. Postoji i potreba za unapređenje
zakonodavnog okvira o zdravlju u akvakulturi . U odsustvu regulatornih okvira i
smernica, teško je primeniti odgovarajuće biosigurnosne mere. U ovom pregledu
identifikovali smo nekoliko pitanja koja i dalje predstavljaju izazov u implementaciji
efikasnih i efektivnih strategija i protokola biosigurnosti na svim nivoima. U
radu se analiziraju ključni aspekti biosigurnosti, uključujući nadzor nad bolestima
i patogenima riba, preventivne mere za sprečavanje bolesti, i primena novih
biotehnologija. Kroz pregled istraživanja i primera dobre prakse, rad pruža dublje
razumevanje uloge biosigurnosti u akvakulturi i naglašava ključnu ulogu biosigurnosti
u osiguravanju održivosti akvakulture.Biosecurity is a key element in aquaculture management to prevent the
spread of disease among fish, reduce losses and maintain economic viability. The
challenges and problems in aquaculture are diverse, with many factors contributing
to increased risk of infection and losses. This paper explores key aspects
of biosecurity in the context of aquaculture, focusing on protecting the health
of farmed fish populations and the sustainability of aquaculture. There is also
a need for improvement of health regulations in aquaculture. In the absence of
regulatory frameworks and guidelines, it is difficult for fish farmers to implement
adequate measures. In this paper, we have identified several issues that
continue to challenge the design and implementation of efficient and effective biosecurity strategies and protocols at all levels, requiring attention in the next
decade. The paper analyzes key aspects of biosecurity, including surveillance of
fish diseases and pathogens, preventive measures to prevent disease, and the
application of new biotechnologies. Through a review of research and examples
of good practice, the paper provides a deeper understanding of the role of biosecurity
in aquaculture and highlights the key role of biosecurity in ensuring the
sustainability of aquaculture.Zbornik radov
Evaluation of commercial ELISA kits’ diagnostic specificity for FAST diseases in wild animals
No full textWild animals, sharing pathogens with domestic animals, play a crucial role in the epidemiology
of infectious diseases. Sampling from wild animals poses significant challenges, yet it is vital
for inclusion in disease surveillance and monitoring programmes. Often, mass surveillance
involves serological screenings using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) tests,
typically validated only for domestic animals. This study assessed the diagnostic specificity of
commercially available ELISA tests on 342 wild ruminant serum samples and 100 from wild
boars. We evaluated three tests for foot-and-mouth disease: two for Peste des petits ruminants,
two for Rift Valley fever and one for Capripox virus. Diagnostic specificity was calculated
using the formula True Negative/(False Positive + True Negative). Cohen’s kappa coefficient
measured agreement between tests. Results showed high specificity and agreement across all
tests. Specificity for foot-and-mouth disease (FMD) ranged from 93.89% for Prionics to 100%
for IDEXX, with IDvet showing 99.6%. The highest agreement was between FMD IDvet and
IDEXX at 97.1%. Rift Valley fever (RVF) tests, Ingezim and IDvet, achieved specificities of
100% and 98.83%, respectively. The optimal specificity was attained by retesting single reactors
and inactivating the complement
Non-invasive sampling methods in diagnostics and surveillance of swine influenza
No full textAnimal health surveillance serves as a potent instrument for monitoring disease trends, implementing
control measures, and furnishing data essential for risk analysis pertinent to animal and public health
objectives. In this regard, epidemiological and laboratory networks assume a crucial role in aggregating data
to discern disease dynamics and furnish epidemiological insights regarding specific diseases.
Swine influenza A is one of the most common respiratory diseases in pig production around the world, as
well as an important respiratory pathogen that affects pig health, welfare, productivity, and has zoonotic
potential. Internal biosecurity practices during the pre-weaning period are critical in farms with an endemic
presence of swine influenza to prevent infection and stop transmission.
Given the rapid expansion of the swine industry, the surveillance and monitoring of infectious diseases
necessitate the utilization of economical, efficient, and representative sampling methodologies. Traditional
blood sampling, used in veterinary medicine for swine health assessment, is laborious and costly, prompting
exploration into alternative sampling techniques. Oral fluid emerges as a viable substitute for serum in
pooled sample analyses, particularly for pig viral diseases including swine influenza virus (SIV). The main
advantages of oral fluid sampling are: sampling of a bigger number of pigs in a single sample; it allows the
search for both antigens (PCR) and antibodies (ELISA); good monitoring system in asymptomatic farms. The
main disadvantages of this techniques are: sick animals do not usually interact with ropes; a microbiological
culture cannot be performed; storage of the sample is crucial to ensure good results.
Meat juice serves as an alternative to serum in serological assays and it was previously used for detection of
antibodies against Aujeszky disease virus and African swine fever virus DNA. Potential use of meat juice for
the detection swine flu antibodies should be further investigated.
Processing fluid collected during routine procedures such as piglet castration and tail-docking proves useful
in PRRSV detection. Emerging methods, including snout swabs and udder skin wipes, show promise as well,
and were also previously used for diagnostics of SIV.
These matrices offer simplicity, safety, cost-effectiveness, and the capacity to test multiple individuals
simultaneously. These alternative sampling approaches are convenient to obtain and do not adversely impact
animal welfare.
Application of non-invasive sampling methods for SIV diagnostics is of great importance in large commercial
pig herds. Herein, we emphasize the importance of continued research and validation efforts to optimize
their utility in the field.Abstract book
Peste des petits ruminants (ppr) - significance, distribution and global strategy of control and eradication
No full textKuga malih preživara je zarazna bolest koja ne poznaje granice i uz slinavku i šap
smatra se najozbiljnijom zaraznom bolešću ovaca i koza koja ne poznaje granice.
Više naziva je u upotrebi a kao sinonimi za ovu blest a najčešće se pominju:
Pseudorinderpest, Goat Plague, Pest of Small Ruminants, Pest of Sheep and Goats,
Kata, Stomatitis-Pneumoenteritis Syndrome, Pneumonenteritis Complex (1).
PPR je bolest virusne etiologije a uzročnik je svrstan u Morbiliviridae iz familije
Paramyxoviridae . Uzročnik je genetski veoma sličan virusu eradicirane bolesti kuge
goveda (rinderpest virus ) iz iste sistematske kategorije.
Kao svaka bolest sa prefiskom kuga (goveda, konja, svinja, živinE) tako i kuga malih
preživara svojim visokim mortalitetom i letalitetom ostavlja velike posledice na
ekomoniju stočarske proizvodnje. Uz svu ozbiljnost same kliničke slike i posledica
koje ostavlja kuga malih preživara poseduje i neke osobenosti koje samo otežavaju
borbu sa eradikacijom i kontrolom bolesti. Jedna od tih osobenosti su postojanje
subklinićke forme bolesti kao i nespecifičnost kliničke slike koja često može dovesti
do previda sumnje na PPR. Mnoge druge životinjeske vrste pored ovaca i koza mogu
biti inficirane, davati pozitivne rezultate u serološkim analizama ali koliko je do
danas poznato te vrste su takozvana slepa ulica širenja zaraze i ne predstavljaju
značajan problem (kamile, goveda, bivoli). Bolest nema rezervoar virusa ni u jednoj
životinjskoj virsti i isključivo se prenosi sa obolele na zdravu jedinku fizičkim
kontaktom ili bliskom kohabitacijom s obzorm da se virus širi i prenosi na distancu
od 10 m sa inficirane obolele jedinke. Kuga malih preživara nema zoonozni
potencijal.
Srbija poseduje nacionalnu rewferentnu labortaoriju z akugzu malih preživara ali i
nekoliko laboratorija u okviru veterinarskih specijalističkih i naučnih instituta koje
imaju akreditovane metde za serološku i ili molekularnu dijagnostiku kuge malih
preživara. Nacionalna referentna labortaorija svake godine sprovodi i
medjulaboratorijska ispitivanja u koje su uključena i ispitivanja dijagnostičkih
metoda za PPR. Dijagnostika se sprovodi u skladu sa preporukama WOAH OIE
monografiji za kugu malih preživara i to u serološkoj dijagnostici ELISA test i u
molekularnoj dijagnostici RT-PCR odnosno qRT-PCR test. (2)Plague of small ruminants is an infectious transboundary disease and, along with
foot-and-mouth disease, it is considered the most serious infectious disease of sheep
and goats. Several names are in use as synonyms for this disease and the most
frequently mentioned are: Pseudorinderpest, Goat Plague, Pest of Small Ruminants,
Pest of Sheep and Goats, Kata, Stomatitis-Pneumoenteritis Syndrome,
Pneumonenteritis Complex (1).
PPR is a disease of viral etiology, and the causative agent is classified as
Morbiliviridae from the Paramyxoviridae family. The causative agent is genetically
very similar to the eradicated rinderpest virus from the same systematic category.
Like any disease with the prefix plague (cattle, horse, pig, poultry), the plague of
small ruminants, with its high mortality and lethality, leaves great consequences for
the economy of livestock production. Besides all seriousness of the clinical picture
itself and the consequences left by the plague of small ruminants, it also has some
peculiarities that can make fight of disease eradication harder. One of these
peculiarity is the existence of a subclinical form of the disease, as well as the nonspecificity
of the clinical picture, which can often lead to the suspicion of PPR being
overlooked. Many other animal species besides sheep and goats can be infected, give
positive results in serological analyses, but as far as is known to date, these species
are the so-called dead end of the spread of infection and do not represent a
significant problem (camels, cattle, buffaloes). The disease does not have a reservoir
of the virus in any animal species and is exclusively transmitted from a sick animal to
a healthy individual through physical contact or close cohabitation. PPR virus should
be spread and being transmitted to a distance of 10 m from an infected sick
individual. Plague of small ruminants PPR has no zoonotic potential.
Serbia has a National Reference Laboratory for the diagnosis of PPR, as well as
several laboratories that have accredited methods for serological and/or molecular
diagnosis of PPR. Every year, the National Reference Laboratory conducts interlaboratory
tests, which include tests of diagnostic methods for PPR as well.
Diagnostics is carried out in accordance with the recommendations of the WOAH OIE monograph for PPR, in the Ab diagnostics it’s ELISA test and in the Ag diagnostic,
molecular diagnostics test RT-PCR or qRT-PCR test. (2)Referat po poziv
Pocena kvaliteta mleka i proizvoda od mleka u Republici Srbiji
No full textМлеко као животна намирница има велики нутритивно-физиолошки значај и посебно место
заузима у исхрани деце, старих и болесних особа. Ферментисани производи су лако сварљиви
и препоручују се особама са развијеном интолеранцијом на лактозу. Сматра се да свакодневно
уношење Ових производа омогућава успостављање И нормално функционисање
интестиналног тракта. Ови производи се добијају ферментацијом под утицајем бактерија
млечне киселине. У ферментисане производе спадају јогурт, кисело млеко, кефир и воћни
јогурт, као и друге врсте ферментисаних млека. Производња безбедне и квалитетне хране
јнешто чему тежи свака земља и због тога се доносе закони и прописи, који дефинишу
стандарде квалитета које намирнице морају да испуњавају како би се нашле на трпези
потрошача. Млеко спада у основне намирнице у исхрани становништва и његов квалитет мора
бити контролисан. Циљ овог рада је био да се испита квалитет млека и производа од млека, у
промету и из увоза на подручју Републике Србије. Материјал је представљало укупно 70
узорака: термички обрађено млеко (n=8) и производи од млека (сиреви n=42, кајмак n=2,
маслац n=3, јогурт и кисело млеко n=7, урда n=1, млеко у праху n=3, сурутка у праху n=3,
баскија n=1). Параметари квалитета млека и производа су испитани према Правилнику о
квалитета производа од млека и стартер култура („Сл. Гласник РС“ бр. 33/2010, 69/2010,
33/2013, 34/2014). Методе које су коришћене су прописане међународним и националним ISO
стандардима (SRPS ISO 19 660-Одређивање садржаја масти– Ацидобутирометријска метода;
SRPS EN ISO 8968-4:2016- Одређивање садржаја азота; Одређивање садржаја лактозе SRPS
ISO 22662/IDF 198:2007; Одређивање суве материје, методом сушења, рН вредност-
потенциометријски). Добијени резултати су показали да од 235 хемијских анализа узорака
термички обрађеног млека и производа од млека, 232 анализе (98,7%) су испуњавале
критеријуме прописане регулативом. Један узорак млека у праху није одговарао декларацији
због мањег садржаја млечне масти, али би задовољио критеријуме да је дефинисан као обрано
млеко у праху, јер су остали испитани параметри одговарајући. Два узорка сурутке у праху
нису испунила критеријум минималног садржаја протеина, док су остали параметри били
одговарајући. Параметри квалитетета су задовољавајући, али се препоручује праћење
квалитета млека и производа од млека, јер неки од производи нису испуњавали критеријумиме
прописание Правилником или нису имали одговарајућу произвођачку декларацију.Milk as a part of human diet has a great nutritive and physiological significance and important part
of youth, elderly and sick persons' diet. Fermented products produced of milk are easily digestible
and are recommended as a part of diet for people with lactose intolerance. Involving those products
as a part of every day diet has been shown to enables maintenance of intestinal tracts normal
functioning. Those products are produced by fermentation of lactic acid bacteria. Fermented products
are yogurt, sour cream, kefir, and fruit yogurt as well as others. Production of safe and good quality
food is the aim of every country. Hence, every country has laws and rules which define the quality
standards which must be met for food at consumers table. Since milk is basic product, its quality must
be strictly regulated. The aim of this article was to examine the quality of milk and dairy products
produced in Republic of Serbia and imported from foreign countries, as well. Material represented in
total 70 samples thermally processed milk (n=8) and milk products (cheeses n=42, kajmak n=2,
butter n=3, yogurt and sour milk n=7, cottage cheese n=1, milk powder n=3, whey powder n=3,
baskija n=1). Quality parameters of milk and dairy products were analysed according to the Rule
book of dairy products and starter cultures quality (Official Gazzete of Republic of Serbia no.
33/2010, 69/2010, 33-2013, 34/2014). Methods used in this reserch were defined by international and
national ISO standards (SRPS ISO 19 660-Qualitative determination of fats - acidobutyrometric
method; SRPS EN ISO 8968-4:2016 Determination of nitrogen content; SRPS ISO 22662/IDF
198:2007 for determination of lactose content; Determination of dry mater by method of drying, pH
value― potentiometry). The obtained results showed that out of 235 chemical analyses of thermically
processed milk and milk products, 232 (98.7%) met the criteria defined by legislative. One sample of
milk powder did not correlate the declaration due to the lower content of milk fat, but it would meet
the citeria if had been defined as skimmed milk, although the other parameters were in accordance.
Two samples of whey powder did not meet the criteria of minimum protein content, while the other
parameters were in accordance. The quality parameters were satisfactory, but it is recommended to
monitor the quality of milk and dairy products, because some of the products did not meet the criteria
prescribed by the Rulebook or did not fulfill an appropriate manufacturer's declaration
Haematological and biochemical parameters of Podolian cattle breed cows
No full textThe aim of this study is to set the reference blood work data for the Podolian cattle breed within conservation program. This particular breed (also known as Podolica, Podolsk, Hungarian grey or Grey steppe cattle) belongs to part of the group of primitive European wild cattle known as Bos europeus primigenius whom once roamed a vast region stretching from the Russian steppes to the northern Adriatic. In the mid-19th century, when Simmental breed made their way into Serbia, the Podolian cattle served as the foundation for breeding melioration, which led to a gradual but significant decline in population numbers. Consequently, the Podolsk cattle in the Republic of Serbia are now categorized as a "threatened and sustainable breed." This means that the breed is endangered, but there are ongoing conservation and preservation efforts in place. The use of adequate blood work analysis regarding physiological condition in order to monitor health, stress and welfare status is usual herd management practice. The published reference intervals of blood work results even for widespread cattle breeds in different climate conditions evoked the need for this study. To establish reference values for blood parameters, an observational cross-sectional study was conducted with a total of 107 cows, included in the study. Data were analysed on three age groups: 1) those aged 2 to 3.5 years (n=37), 2) 3.5 to 10 years (n=45), and 3) 10 to 15 years (n=25). This analysis included the examination of red and white blood cell parameters, haemoglobin, haematocrit, and various biochemical parameters, such as total cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein (HDL), low-density lipoprotein (LDL), triglycerides, urea, creatinine, calcium, phosphorus, aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), and alkaline phosphatase (ALT).
Attained results showed certain variation within some parameters, such as basophiles and neutrophils count both with coefficient of variation over 40%, but also revealed relatively stable parameters such as mean corpuscular haemoglobin concentration, red cell distribution width, haematocrit and haemoglobin. Biochemical blood parameters mostly varied were the triglycerides, HDL, LDL and total cholesterol, with coefficient of variation of over 20%. Relatively stable parameters were total protein, calcium, and albumin with coefficient of variation no larger than 10%. Concerning age group differences showed only in RDW and monocyte differential formula and only between youngest (group 1) and oldest (group 3) cattle while no other parameter got notable variation in all three groups. In comparison with parameters set for the highly productive dairy based Holstein Friesian breed, notable discrepancy was recorded at creatinine and albumin, which may lead to faulty interpretation in Podolians The constant scientific enthusiasm in Podolians conjoined with the fresh market demand for beef and dairy products of these cattle in later decades to justify preservation program and breed specific health management study