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Seroprevalence of infectious bronchitis virus and biosecurity status of backyard poultry holdings
No full textInfectious bronchitis virus (IBV) poses a significant economic challenge for commercial chicken farms
due to its acute multiple-system infection. It particularly affects the respiratory and urogenital systems.
Immunoprophylactic measures are usually carried out according to the vaccination programs in
commercial poultry flocks, but this is not the case in backyard holdings. Serbia has experienced
significant growth of different types of extensive poultry systems in the last years. Mixed confinement
is the most frequent system and it is less standardized than intensive-rearing systems. The disadvantages
of this type of farming are related to the increased risk of introducing and easy spread of pathogenic
microorganisms. For this investigation, 85 serum samples from 20 backyard holdings were randomly
selected and tested for antibodies to IBV using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA).
Simultaneously, an assessment of existing biosecurity measures on those holdings was performed using
Biocheck.UGent online survey (https://biocheckgent.com/en/questionnaires/backyard-poultry).
According to the results, the overall seroprevalence of IBV was 75.29% (64/85). Within a flock, the
seroprevalence ranged from 20 to 100%. ELISA antibody mean titer for IBV was 10811, with a high
variation coefficient (42%). The worrying fact is that only one of the 20 non-vaccinated flocks was
negative for IBV. Concerning biosecurity on the farms, the total biosecurity score ranged from 38 to
71%. The subtotal external biosecurity scores on backyard farms ranged from 44 % to 73 %, and
subtotal internal biosecurity scores ranged from 5 % to 62 %. The scores for subcategories varied
between the farms and the biggest gaps were related to purchasing new birds (27.92%) and manure and
carcass removal (45.90%). Low scores were obtained for disease management (21.90%) and cleaning
and disinfection (25.95%) as well. Knowledge about the seroprevalence in backyard poultry flocks for
IBV seroprevalence should be considered as backyard chickens (small holdings) may serve as
pathogens’ reservoirs and bring a risk for intensive poultry farms in the neighborhood. Due to the lack
of information about the risks, it is necessary to educate the farmers and point out the flexible and
adaptable measures that they can take in their households to prevent the occurrence of various diseases.Books of abstract
The effect of Vitamin C in the therapy of haemolactia in dairy cows
No full textThe aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of intravenous administration of vitamin C in the therapy of haemolactia in dairy cows. Haemolactia is often of unknown origin, and it can occur due to vitamin C deficiency. The research was carried out on twenty-eight dairy cows having clinical signs of haemolactia, with a clinical score of 2 or 3. The cows of the group A (n=10) were treated intravenously with 2000 mg vitamin C, those of the Group B (n=10) with 3000 mg vitamin C intravenously, whereas cows of group C (n=8) were served as controls and remained untreated. The vitamin C application was once per day intravenously until symptoms disappeared. The appearance of milk and the therapeutic effects of vitamin C were monitored during milking, based on the visual appearance of milk. The average duration of haemolactia in both treated groups A and B was significantly lower (72 h and 68 h, respectively) compared to the control group C (102 h) (p<0.05 for both). Vitamin C was shown to be beneficial in the therapy of haemolactia; no statistical difference was observed regarding the administered doses of vitamin C (2000 vs. 3000 mg). The results prove the importance of vitamin C administration to shorten the duration of haemolactia in dairy cow
Antibiotic Residues in Cultured Fish: Implications for Food Safety and Regulatory Concerns
No full textAntibiotics are widely recognized as significant chemical pollutants that enter the environ-
ment and ultimately the food chain. They are extensively used in both aquaculture and terrestrial
animal breeding. Antibiotic residues in cultured fish pose significant public health risks, including
the potential for antimicrobial resistance and adverse health outcomes. This review examines the
widespread use of antibiotics in aquaculture, highlighting key challenges such as the lack of reliable
data on antibiotic consumption in many regions as well as variability in regulatory enforcement.
While strict regulations in European countries help to mitigate risks, the growing, often unregulated
use of antibiotics in low- and middle-income countries exacerbates concerns over food safety. This
paper provides an in-depth analysis of global regulatory frameworks and the impact of antibiotic
residues on public health, and it offers recommendations for improving the monitoring, regulation,
and responsible use of antibiotics in aquaculture in order to ensure safer food products from farmed
fish. It contributes to a deeper understanding of the global scope of antibiotic misuse in aquaculture
and points to an urgent need for more effective management practices
Claw lesions in dairy cows in Serbia
No full textLameness in cows is a major problem, affecting welfare and production results. We aimed in
this study to identify claw lesions in lame dairy cows in Serbian farms. A total of 94
Simmental dairy cows (26 primiparous and 68 multiparous) from eight small dairy farms
located in the Macva district, Serbia were observed during regular hoof trimming. The clinical
examination was focused on all possible alternations on the hooves which were observed. The
trimming procedure was performed by the Dutch method. Of the 94 animals presented for a
hoof trim, 41 cows (43.6%) had no claw lesions noted. In this study, lesions were present in
53 (56.4%) of all examined cows. In the primiparous group, 13 (50%) cows had affected
claws: white line disease 15.9% (4/26), sole ulcers 11.5% (3/26), digital dermatitis 7.6%
(2/26), aseptic pododermatitis 7.7% (2/26), overgrown hoof 3.9% (1/26) and double sole 3.9
(1/26). In multiparous cows, 40 (58.8%) had affected claws: white line disease 14.7% (10/68),
sole ulcers 16.2% (11/68), digital dermatitis 1.5% (1/68), aseptic pododermatitis 4.5% (3/68),
overgrown hoof 11.8% (8/68), and double sole 10.3% (7/68). Our results indicate a wide
range of claw lesions. Attention should be paid to treatment and reduction of lameness in
dairy cows.Book of Proceedings [Електронски извор
Stress on pig farms
No full textPig stress syndrome (PSS) is an increasingly common disease. The disease is the result of intensive selection for greater
fleshiness, which resulted in a point mutation on the 6th chromosome. The disease is an inherited autosomal recessive,
neuromuscular disorder of fattening animals. Highly productive pig breeds are most susceptible to stress. The appearance
of the disease is influenced by stressogenic factors, and the disease passes in a preacute or acute course. Death occurs
within 24 hours from the moment of action of the stressor, while the dead body stiffness occurs very quickly, i.e. within
5 minutes. In pigs prone to stress syndrome after the action of external stimuli, rapid glycogenolysis occurs in the muscles
and abundant production of lactic acid, as a result of which the muscles become pale, soft and watery. This kind of meat
is not suitable for processing in slaughterhouses, which causes losses in production
Bacterial diseases of the digestive organs of weaned piglets in extensive and intensive breeding
No full textVery intensive expansion of breeding capacities, early weaning of piglets from inadequate microclimatic conditions, and
inadequate nutrition in different production categories caused the appearance of production-related technological
diseases. Diseases of the digestive organs are a significant part of pig pathology. Of the enteric diseases, great importance
belongs to dysentery. It is characterized by long-term germination and a large number of vectors. Two diseases that were
previously considered to be atypical forms of dysentery, resulting from a shortened period of medication and resistance
of the causative agent to an exemplary antibiotic, today appear as separate entities. The first is so-called proliferative
enteropathy, and the second is spirochaetal colitis. Both of these diseases are present in pig herds with different
management, often in pig herds with high health status, after the elimination of the causative agent of dysentery. Coli
infections are present mainly in weaned piglets and appear in the second week after weaning. In our conditions, the disease
is diagnosed on the basis of clinical symptoms, rarely on the basis of pathomorphological changes. On controlled farms
(5 commercial farms and 10 extensive breeding farms), a clinical examination of the herd of pigs was performed. Rectal
swabs were taken. We separated the sick animals into special boxes and monitored their health. The number of weaned
piglets in the weaned category was variable. The number of dead pigs in the fattening category is particularly surprising.
The aim of this review is to provide information on bacterial diseases of the digestive organs of weaned piglets in two
housing systems and to provide a solution.XIth Congress "Life sciences today for tomorrow", Iasi, October 24-25, 202
Comparison of different antibody detection tests for African swine fever
No full textAfrican swine fever (ASF) stands as a threat to the global
swine industry. Its causative agent, the African swine fever virus, has inflicted substantial
economic repercussions and necessitated culling of millions of pigs. The ASF has been
present in Serbia since 2019 when it was first detected in domestic pigs. In 2023 the biggest
recorded epidemic of ASF swept through the domestic pig population in the country
resulting in devastating losses to the swine industry. Curbing the spread of ASF relies on
the fast detection of infected pigs and the implementation of biosecurity measures. We
wanted to compare routine PCR tests and novel lateral flow combo devices which would
allow for fast detection of infected pigs and immediate implementation of necessary
control measures.Book of abstract
Assessment of the quality of milk and dairy products in the Republic of Serbia
No full textMilk as a foodstuff has great nutritional and physiological importance and occupies a
special place in the diet of children, the elderly and sick people. Fermented products
are easily digestible and are recommended for people with lactose intolerance. It is
believed that the daily intake of these products enables the establishment and normal
functioning of the intestinal tract. These products are obtained by fermentation under
the influence of lactic acid bacteria. Fermented products include yogurt, sour milk,
kefir and fruit yogurt, as well as other types of fermented milk. The production of safe
and high-quality food is something that every country strives for, and that is why laws
and regulations define the quality standards that food must meet in order to be on the
consumer's table. Milk is one of the basic foods in the diet of the population and its
quality must be controlled. The aim of this study was to examine the quality of milk
and dairy products on market and from imports in the territory of the Republic of
Serbia. The material included 70 samples of milk and dairy products. The quality
parameters of milk and products were examined according to the Regulation on the
quality of dairy products and starter cultures (Official Gazette of the Republic of Serbia
33/2010, 69/2010, 33/2013, 34/2014). The following standard methods were used for
testing: SRPS ISO 19660, SRPS EN ISO 8968-4, SRPS ISO 22662/IDF 198. The
obtained results showed that 95.71% of the tested samples of milk and dairy products
met the criteria prescribed by the Regulation. The quality parameters are satisfactory,
but it is recommended to monitor the quality of milk and dairy products, because some
of the products did not meet the criteria prescribed by the Rulebook or did not have an
appropriate manufacturer's declaration.Related to a Serbian-language version of the following article:
https://reponivs.nivs.rs/handle/123456789/115
Biosigurnosne mere na farmama preživara
No full textIn many scientific papers, the term biosecurity measures (BSMs) are defined as the implementation of segregation, sanitation or management procedures specifically designed to reduce the likelihood of the introduction, establishment, survival or spread of a potential pathogen into, within or from a farm or geographical area. The main BSMs (general external and internal BSMs related to newly introduced animals, farm workers, family members, visitors and service providers, vehicles, tools and equipment, location of farms, water and feed, control programs, management practices, handling of raw materials, work procedures, training, plans and records), based on literature data, guides, instructions, recommendation codes and checklists, are presented in the paper. In addition to the BSMs mentioned, the importance of segregation, cleaning and disinfection is emphasized. The most important and effective part of biosecurity is to keep infected animals and contaminated material away from non-infected animals. Cleaning and disinfecting barns, vehicles and equipment, especially boots and clothing, is a very effective way to minimize the transmission of disease to or between animals. It is very important to implement BSMs as a long-standing and successful practice on farms to maintain animal health. These measures should be included in a comprehensive biosecurity plan, which is tailored to farms characteristics and needs that must be fully implemented. A biosecurity plan and the design and implementation of biosecurity programs should address how farmers handle animals, vehicles and human access to the farm, as well as animal health and work procedures. Key BSMs should be followed on an ongoing basis and, working with veterinarians, farmers themselves can play an important role in keeping animals and production as healthy as possible. It is important to regularly assess the implementation of BSMs using appropriate questionnaires, which can highlight deficiencies that should be addressed immediately.U brojnim naučnim radovima, termin biosigurnosne mere (BS ) se definiše kao implementacija segregacije, sanitarnih ili upravljačkih procedura ciljano dizajniranih da smanje verovatnoću unošenja, uspostavljanja, preživljavanja ili širenja potencijalnog patogena u farmu, unutar ili iz farme ili geografsko područje. U radu su prikazane glavne mere biosigurnosti (opšte mere eksterne i interne biosigurnosti koje se odnose na novouvedene životinje, radnike na farmi, članove porodice, posetioce i pružaoce usluga, vozila, alate i opremu, lokaciju farme, vodu i hranu za životinje, programe kontrole, prakse upravljanja, rukovanje sirovinama, radne postupke, obuku, planove i evidenciju) na osnovu podataka iz literature, vodiča, uputstava, preporuka i kontrolnih lista. ored pomenutih mera biosigurnosti, istaknuti su značaj segregacije, čišćenja i dezinfekcije. Najvažniji i najefikasniji deo biosigurnosti je da se zaražene životinje i kontaminirani materijal drže dalje od neinficiranih životinja. Čišćenje i dezinfekcija štala, vozila i opreme (uključujući čizme i odeću) je veoma efikasan način da se minimizira prenošenje bolesti na ili između životinja. Veoma je mere biosigurnosti važno primeniti kao dugoročnu i uspešnu praksu na farmama za očuvanje zdravlja životinja. Ove mere treba da budu uključene u sveobuhvatni plan biosigurnosti koji se mora u potpunosti primeniti. lanovi biosigurnosti i dizajn i implementacija programa biosigurnosti treba da se pozabave načinom na koji farmeri postupaju sa životinjama, vozilima i pristupom ljudi farmi, kao i zdravljem životinja i radnim procedurama. Ključne mere biosigurnosti treba redovno pratiti i, radeći sa veterinarima, sami farmeri mogu da igraju važnu ulogu u održavanju zdravlja životinja i proizvodnje što je moguće zdravijim. Važno je redovno procenjivati sprovođenje mera biosigurnosti korišćenjem odgovarajućih upitnika, koji mogu da istaknu nedostatke koje treba odmah ukloniti.Proceedings : 26th International Congress of the Mediterranean Federation for Health and Production of Ruminants FeMeSPRum, Novi Sad, 20th-23rd June, 2024Zbornik radova : 26. međunarodnoi konges mediteranske federacije za zdravlje i produkciju preživara FeMeSPRum, Novi Sad, 20-23. jun 202
Capturing the current status of biosecurity legislation in the European farm animal sector
No full textThe Animal Health Law (Regulation (EU) 2016/429) -which became applicable across the EU from April 2021- extensively covers the prevention, surveillance, and management of transmissible animal diseases. Yet, it does not directly address biosecurity in animal production as a standalone legislation. Instead, biosecurity measures are integrated within the broader framework of other legislative acts (e.g. combatting certain diseases). Using a participatory research approach, three specific questionnaires were (co-)developed to address this gap. The questionnaires composed of several questions that covered which biosecurity measures (BMs) are implemented on poultry (56 BMs), pig (51 BMs) and cattle (28 BMs) farms, based on the existing regulation and legal recommendations enforced nationally across European countries. The questionnaires were sent to country focal points (CFP) to ensure that the questionnaire was correctly filled in by experts (e.g. government officials) working in the respective countries. Training was provided online to all CFPs. Data were compiled between December 2022-December 2023. Out of 45 countries participating in the EU-funded project BETTER (CA20103), CFPs from 25 (poultry), 25 (pig) and 19 (cattle) countries submitted the questionnaire. All countries reported information on legislation implemented at national level, with none declaring any specific rule at regional level. The number of legislations in force concerning biosecurity in each country varied between species and countries. Several countries reported to have a national legislation on biosecurity (e.g. France, Spain, Italy). Most countries included biosecurity-related measures as part of legislation on specific diseases, animal health, welfare or a combination of them. This study reflected the heterogeneity in implementing species-specific legislation on biosecurity by the different countries which reflects differences in approached to improve biosecurity. While some countries rely on the development of legislation, others use other strategies. This abstract is based upon work from COST Action BETTER, CA20103, supported by European Cooperation in Science&Technology.Abstrac