REPONIVS - Repository of Scientific Institute for Veterinary Medicine of Serbia
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Echinococcus spp.in golden jackals (Canis aureus)
No full textThe golden jackal (Canis aureus) is a confirmed definitive host fortapeworms of the genus Echinococcus. As Serbia has one of Europe’slargest resident populations of golden jackals, investigatingtheir role in the transmission and distribution of Echinococcus spp.is of interest to public health. To analyze the population geneticsof Echinococcus spp. circulating in golden jackals, the projectWORM_PROFILER, which started in March of 2024, is collectinggastrointestinal (GI) tracts of legally hunted animals fromdifferent areas of Serbia. For this study, GI tracts of 33 animalswere processed. After defrosting, the intestines were cut openlongitudinally and feces were transferred into 50 mL centrifugetubes. The mucosa was scraped and analyzed microscopically toisolate parasites. Approximately 3 g of feces was processed byZnCl2 flotation and sequential mesh filtration to collect taeniideggs. The DNA from adult Echinococcus spp. and taeniid eggs wasextracted using quick boiling in 0.02 M NaOH and screened bymultiplex PCR designed to detect E. multilocularis, E. granulosusand E. canadensis. Examination of the mucosa yielded severalgravid Echinococcus tapeworms from the small intestine of oneanimal from western Serbia and eggs were collected from thefeces. PCR identified the tapeworm species as E. multilocularis.Single egg picking and sequencing of the cox1 and nad1 genes isunderway. Taeniid eggs were additionally collected from anotherjackal from the same area, but could not be identified as Echinococcusspp. by PCR. These early findings suggest that E. multilocularisis present in western Serbia and sampling in the same geographicalarea will be intensified. Processing of additional collectedsamples is ongoing.Book of Abstracts:The XIV European Multicolloquium of Parasitology Wrocław, Poland August 26–30, 202
Hoflund’s syndrome in a Simmental calf associated with respiratory syndrome in the feedlot
No full textThis report describes a case of Hoflund’s syndrome in a calf associated with Bovine Respiratory Disease (BRD) on a farm that
was diagnosed in May 2023. This case involves a chronically bloated male Simmental calf with clinical findings that included abnormal
body symmetry, reduced rumen motility, apathy, a negative foreign body test, maldigested faeces, and normal body temperature
and continued bloating. Abdominal distension clearly affected the entire left side of the abdomen and the relaxed right
ventral quadrant of the abdomen. Based on the clinical picture and non-response to the applied therapy for chronic bloating,
this case was indicative of Hoflund’s syndrome type I as the cause of chronic bloating. After rumenotomy and examination of
the available parts of the rumen and reticulum, no changes were found that could be related to the cause of the bloating. The
appearance of flatulence was related to an episode of BRD in the feedlot, where in this case, the appearance of flatulence began
in the recovery phase and during treatment of the presented case. After euthanasia, a significant damaged lung parenchyma was
noted in the form of emphysematous and atelectasis changes with small deposits of fibrin on the lung lobes. One notable finding
of this study was the demonstration of a causal relationship between BRD and the occurrence of Hoflund’s syndrome in the
calf. Our case represents a significant finding towards improving our understanding of this disease and in providing effective prevention
of the occurrence of respiratory diseases in feedlots
The effect of vitamin C on time expulsion of the fetal membrane in Simmental cows
No full textThe goal of this study was to evaluate the effect of intravenous administration of vitamin C to dairy cows after calving on time of expulsion of fetal membranes between cows with non-assisted calving and assisted calving. A total of 45 Simmental cows randomly selected were included in the study. Cows were observed within 1 hour after parturition and treated with 2000 mg of vitamin C, intravenously. Group I (n=25) consisted of cows with non-assisted calving and Group II (n=20) of cows with assisted calving. All cows were clinically healthy and multiparous, with no previous record of retained placenta or other disorders. The Chi-square test was used to evaluate the significance level between compared groups. The results of this study indicated that 60% of cows of Group I, and 55 % of cows of Group II expelled the placenta within 4 hours of vitamin C application. Forty-three (95.56%) of the treated cows with vitamin C expelled the fetal membranes within 12 hours after application. The incidence of the retained fetal membrane was 4.44% in cows used in the study, with no statistical difference between groups. Results of this study point to the potential use of vitamin C to shorten the time of placental expulsion in dairy cows with non-assisted or assisted calving. Further investigations including untreated control cows are needed, also for the mechanism and role in the placental expulsion process.Special Issue: Proceedings of the 27th Annual Conference of the European Society for Domestic Animal Reproduction (ESDAR), 12–14 September 2024, Belgrade, Serbi
Molecular analysis of canine distemper virus H gene in the golden jackal (Canis aureus) population from Serbia
No full textCanine distemper virus (CDV) is a highly contagious and often fatal disease affecting wild and domesticated carnivores.
The virus is a single-stranded RNA virus from the genus Morbillivirus and the family Paramyxoviridae. While
domestic dogs are the most common hosts, the virus poses a significant threat to endangered wildlife due to its
broad host range. This study aimed to characterize the CDV Haemagglutinin (H) gene in golden jackals and explore
the molecular evolution of the virus in an underrepresented host. A total of 88 brain samples from hunted golden
jackals were tested for the presence of CDV viral nucleic acid, and the H gene of positive samples was amplified
and sequenced using the Sanger method. Phylogenetic analysis, conducted using maximum likelihood methods,
revealed that all Serbian sequences clustered within the Arctic lineage. Notably, the analysis identified a tyrosine (Y)
at position 549 of the H protein, a mutation commonly associated with wildlife hosts, instead of the histidine (H) typically
found in domestic strains. Additionally, a mutation at position 310 was observed, which could potentially affect
the protein’s function and virus-host interactions. These findings provide valuable insights into the genetic diversity
and evolutionary dynamics of CDV in golden jackals, with broader implications for understanding the virus’s adaptability
to different hosts. Further research is needed to investigate the functional impact of these mutations, particularly
their role in vaccine efficacy and disease transmission across wildlife and domestic species
Primena biosigurnosnih mera na farmama preživara
No full textBiosecurity is the result of all activities designed not only to prevent the introduction and spread of infectious
diseases within and between herds, but ultimately to contribute to public health and food safety. Although
experts and government agencies recommend the implementation of biosecurity practises on dairy, beef and
sheep farms, their use appears to be limited. There is serious lack of training and consequently, rather low
level of awareness of biosecurity risks among farmers. They are aware of necessity of good health of
animals, but they mostly think of endemic diseases like mastitis, claws disorders, digestive problems, etc.). It
seems that they are not aware of contagious disease risks, so pathogens models of spreading and entrance
doors in to individual animal or population have to be pointed out. Farmers’ opinion is that the government
should have a greater input into biosecurity; veterinarians saw the ability or willingness of their clients to
invest in biosecurity measures as a major barrier. Therefore, additional evidence of the effectiveness and/or
potential economic benefits of proposed on-farm biosecurity measures have be better demonstrated. That
would give a solid base for field veterinarians and their organisations to be more proactive in promotion and
spreading of information on biosecurity, in both direct contact with farmers and organized training. This
important role should be fulfilled in cooperation with farmers associations and veterinary authorities. A legal
framework can be helpful, as well as stimulating measures for those who actively and successfully embrace
biosecurity concept in their work. In many cases there are problems regarding biosecurity procedures
application, particularly in control of movement of humans, animals, vehicles and equipment. Procedures
have to be performed much more persistent and in responsible manner, particularly during summer, when
field works take a lot of farmers’ time. Biosecurity procedures must be more serious and determined as
approaching to the object of protection.Biosigurnost je rezultat svih aktivnosti koje su osmišljene ne samo da spreče unošenje i širenje zaraznih
bolesti unutar i između stada, već i da doprinesu javnom zdravlju i bezbednosti hrane. Iako stručnjaci i
vladine agencije preporučuju primenu biosigurnosnih praksi na farmama mlečnih i tovnih goveda i ovaca,
čini se da je njihova upotreba ograničena. eđu odgajivačima postoji ozbiljan nedostatak obuke i, shodno
tome, prilično nizak nivo svesti o rizicima biološke bezbednosti. Oni su svesni neophodnosti dobrog zdravlja
životinja, ali uglavnom misle o endemičnim bolestima poput mastitisa, poremećaja kandži, problema sa
varenjem itd.). Čini se da odgajivači nisu svesni rizika od zaraznih bolesti, pa bi ih trebalo upoznati sa
načinima širenja patogenih uzročnika i ulaznim vratima infekcije kod jedinki i populacija. išljenje farmera
je da bi vlada trebalo da ima veći doprinos u biosigurnost i; veterinari kao glavnu prepreku vide sposobnost
ili spremnost svojih klijenata da ulažu u biosigurnosne mere. Zato bi dodatni dokazi o efikasnosti i/ili
potencijalnoj koristi od predloženih mera biosigurnosti na farmi trebalo da budu bolje prikazani. o bi
obezbedilo solidnu osnovu za terenske veterinare i njihove organizacije da budu proaktivniji u promovisanju
i širenju informacija o biosigurnosti, i u direktnom kontaktu sa farmerima, tako i u organizovanju obuke.
Ovu važnu ulogu treba ostvariti u saradnji sa udruženjima poljoprivrednika i veterinarskim vlastima. ravni
okvir može biti od pomoći, kao i podsticajne mere za one koji aktivno i uspešno prihvataju koncept
biosigurnost i u svom radu. U mnogim slučajevima postoje problemi u vezi sa primenom biosigurnosnim
procedurama, posebno u kontroli kretanja ljudi, životinja, vozila i opreme. ostupci se moraju izvoditi
mnogo upornije i odgovornije, posebno tokom leta, kada poljski radovi oduzimaju mnogo vremena
poljoprivrednicima. ostupci biosigurnosne zaštite moraju biti ozbiljniji i određeni kao približavanje objektu
zaštite.Proceedings : 26th International Congress of the Mediterranean Federation for Health and Production of Ruminants FeMeSPRum, Novi Sad, 20th-23rd June, 2024.Zbornik radova : 26. međunarodnoi konges mediteranske federacije za zdravlje i produkciju preživara FeMeSPRum, Novi Sad, 20-23. jun 202
Antimicrobial activity of propolis on the basis of preparation in relation to Staphylococcus aureus
No full textOne of the biggest problems in public health is the appearance of multidrug resistance microoganisms. Staphylococcus aureus and other staphylococci are reported as the most common human and animal pathogeses. Therefore, there is great interest in the preparations that have strong antimicrobial activity but does not cause resistance. Numerous investigations have shown strong antimicrobial efficiency of propolis in Gram positive bacteria. Antimicrobial effect of propolis comes from flavonoids and numerous fenols compounds originating from plants. Tests have shown that a high percentage of coagulase positive staphylococci isolates were sensitive. Similar results were obtained by examining the strain that were resistant to ampicillin, gentamicin, ceftriaxone, vancomycin and erythromycin. A total of 50 examined isolates of Staphylococcus aureus isolated from cows with subclinical mastitis resistant on penicillin and penicillin / streptomycin. Investigation of the sensitivity of isolates was done using the agar diffusion method on the Mueller-Hinton plate. On the inoculated plate was put the filter paper diameter standard antibiogram tablets in which the stream 50μl propolis solution with control solution with ethanol. Final concetration of propolis was about 5 mg. The plates was incubated at 37 ° C during 24 hours, and diameter of inhibition zone was measured. As there is no standard for interpreting the results of zone of inhibition, we compared sensitivity to the scheme for the determination of sensitivity to penicillin and penicillin/streptomycin. Of 50 tested isolates isolates 8 were moderately sensitive (inhibition zone 26-36mm), 27 was sensitive and extremely sensitive was 15 of isolates (inhibition zone 50 mm). Resistant strain was not detected.. Results of testing showed that a high degree of sensitivity to propolis, which agrees with the findings of many researchers
Food waste in Serbia: challenges and strategies for sustainable management and redistribution
No full textThe Serbian tradition of welcoming guests with abundant meals signifies good hospitality. However,
Serbia lacks an established food waste management system, resulting in significant surplus food
generation across all social groups without a mechanism to redirect it to those in need. Annually,
approximately 770,000 tons of food are wasted in Serbia, an untenable luxury for a country with an
average monthly salary below 500 Euros. The absence of accurate data on food production and
waste exacerbates the issue. In Belgrade, which produces around 550,000 tons of municipal waste
annually, it is estimated that 30% is food waste, totalling about 165,000 tons. This situation highlights
a critical gap in food waste management and redistribution, affecting vulnerable groups such as the
urban poor and the elderly. Current habits, such as purchasing more food than necessary and
restaurants increasing portion sizes, significantly contribute to food waste. Experts estimate that about
90% of total waste in Serbia ends up in landfills, leading to substantial greenhouse gas emissions.
Efforts are underway in Belgrade to introduce a voluntary scheme for sustainable food waste
management, starting with mapping the largest food waste generators and creating a digital platform
for data consolidation. This initiative aims to minimize surplus food generation and redirect edible food
to social groups in need, improving food security and reducing environmental impact. Effective food
redistribution systems could notably benefit vulnerable populations, including women victims of
violence, by providing safe and reliable food sources. Adopting such models aligns with the global
shift towards a circular economy and supports the forthcoming Waste Management Strategy and new
Law on Waste Management in Serbia
Effect of feeding with fresh carrots on milk quality
No full textCarrots are a natural source of beta-carotene. Cows are very happy to eat carrots. Beta carotene is
a provitamin of vitamin A essential for many functions in the body. This study aimed to evaluate
the effect of fresh carrots nutritional supplementation on milk quality of Simmental cows. The
experiment was carried out on 28 Simmental dairy cows from one farm, where 14 cows were
supplementary fed with 5 kg carrots per cow/day. Non-supplemented 14 cows served as a control
group. The milk samples were analyzed for the contents of milk fat, protein, lactose, non-fat dry
matter and the number of somatic cells from bulk tank samples. All observed cows were
pregnant from two to five months and fed in the same way. The average content of milk
components in examined group, contents of milk fat, protein, non-fat dry matter, lactose and the
number of somatic cells were 4.08%, 3.54%, 9.11%, 4.70% and 80.000 cells/ml, respectively.
By analyzing the milk from the control group, the values of milk components were 4.12%,
3.51%, 9.15%, 4.65% and 92.000 cells/ml, respectively. There were no differences in any milk
components between the compared groups. These data indicate that β-carotene supplementation
to cows does not lead to an increase in milk components. It is necessary to examine and define
the amount of fresh carrots needed in exchange for beta-carotene injection preparations in the
therapy of reproductive disorders
Fatty acids from beef feed to beef meat
No full textBeef meat has exceptional nutritional value that distinguishes it from other types of meat and makes it a highly valued food. However, the meat of cattle as well as other ruminants, is characterized by a more complex fatty acid profile compared to the meat of monogastric animals. This complexity is a consequence of the activity of the rumen microflora. In recent decades, changes in animal breeding, feeding practices, and modern slaughtering techniques imparted significant progress in improving beef's nutritional, sensory and market value. Different proportions of concentrated feed and roughages, as well as their types, affect the composition of intramuscular fat. Excluding genetic factors and production practices, nutrition emerges as the main factor influencing the fatty acid profile of beef meat. Today, numerous studies support the nutritional approach to modifying the fatty acid composition of beef meat by using selected feedingstuffs. Therefore, this review aims to collect and systematize data as a guide for implementing such a nutritional strategy in practice, with the health benefits of the final consumers in mind.Juneće meso ima izuzetnu nutritivnu vrednost koja ga izdvaja od ostalih vrsta mesa i čini ga veoma cenjenom hranom. Iako se meso preživara odlikuje složenijim profilom masnih kiselina u odnosu na meso monogastričnih životinja, što je posledica aktivnosti mikroflore buraga. Međutim, u poslednjih nekoliko decenija, promene u načinu uzgoja i ishrane životinja, kao i savremene tehnike klanja doprinele su značajnom napretku u smanjenju sadržaja masti u junećim trupovima. Različite proporcije koncentrovane i grube hrane u obrocima tovne junadi, kao i odabir vrsta hraniva, utiču na sastav intramuskularne masti. Ako se izuzme genetski faktor i proizvodna praksa, ishrana je glavni faktor koji ima dominantan uticaj na profil masnih kiselina junećeg mesa. Danas brojna istraživanja govore u prilog nutritivnom pristupu za modifikaciju sastava masnih kiselina u junećem mesu upotrebom odabrane hrane za životinje. Stoga je ovaj rad pripremljen sa ciljem prikupljanja i sistematizacije podataka poput vodiča za primenu nutritivne strategije u praksi uzgoja tovne junadi, a imajući na umu zdravstvene koristi za krajnje potrošače
Program biosigurnosti za održivo gajenje kalifornijske pastrmke
No full textTehničko rešenje pod nazivom "Program biosigurnosti za održivo
gajenje kalifornijske pastrmke" zasniva se na primeni savremenih biotehnoloških metoda u akvakulturi i podrazumeva uspostavljanje
sveobuhvatnog sistema primene biosigurnosnih mera prilagođenih
potrebama ribnjaka. Ovo rešenje uključuje razvoj i primenu autogene
vakcine specifične za borbu protiv bakterije Aeromonas salmonicida
subsp. salmonicida, koja izaziva furunkulozu kod kalifornijske
pastrmke (Oncorhynchus mykiss). Furunkuloza je značajna
bakterijska infekcija koja prvenstveno pogađa vrste iz roda
salmonida, izazivajući velike gubitke i ekonomske štete u pastrmskoj
akvakulturi. Glavni ciljevi ovog tehničkog rešenja su poboljšanje
zdravlja riba, smanjenje upotrebe antibiotika i povećanje efikasnosti
proizvodnje kroz održive prakse koje unapređuju zdravstveni status
i dobrobit riba i smanjuju rizik od širenja bolesti.
Tehničko rešenje se koristi u veterinarskoj medicini, u okviru
programa kontrole, zdravstvene zaštite i profilakse u akvakulturi.
Korišćenjem rezultata tehničkog rešenja se postiže sledeće:
1. Poboljšanje zdravstvenog statusa riba – Primena autogenih
vakcina smanjuje učestalost bolesti, omogućavajući bolje praćenje i
kontrolu ključnih patogena u akvakulturi.
2. Unapređenje biosigurnosti: Implementacija sistema
biosigurnosnih mera smanjuje rizik od izbijanja zaraznih bolesti,
čime se obezbeđuje stabilnija i sigurnija proizvodnja.
3. Smanjenje upotrebe antibiotika – Uvođenjem biosigurnosnih
mera i ciljane profilakse smanjuje se potreba za terapijskom
upotrebom antibiotika, čime se doprinosi očuvanju ekosistema i
smanjuje rizik od razvoja antimikrobne rezistencije.
4. Unapređenje proizvodnih performansi – Zdravstveno stabilne
populacije kalifornijske pastrmke omogućavaju postizanje većih
prinosa i efikasnije upravljanje proizvodnjom, uz smanjenje
mortaliteta i boljeg iskorišćenja resursa.
5. Održivost akvakulture – Primena održivih praksi koje
unapređuju biosigurnost i obezbeđuju dugoročnu produktivnost,
istovremeno čuvajući životnu sredinu i poboljšavajući zdravstveni
status i dobrobit riba.
6. Prevencija i pravovremeni odgovor na izbijanje bolesti –
Sistematski pristup analizi rizika, uz kontinuirano praćenje i
unapređenje biosigurnosnih mera, omogućava rano otkrivanje i
efikasno suzbijanje potencijalnih zaraza.
Primena ovog tehničkog rešenja unapređuje standarde u pastrmskoj
akvakulturi kroz nekoliko ključnih aspekata. Prvo, implementacijom inovativnog programa biosigurnosnih mera značajno se smanjuje
rizik od unosa i širenja patogena na ribnjaku i iz ribnjaka. Ove mere
omogućavaju brzo prepoznavanje i efikasno reagovanje na
potencijalne pretnje, štiteći ribe i celokupnu proizvodnju.
Upotreba autogene vakcine poboljšava zdravstveni status riba, što
rezultira kvalitetnijim proizvodima i većom sigurnošću potrošnje.
Zdravije ribe direktno utiču na tržišnu konkurentnost.
Korišćenje savremenih biotehnoloških metoda smanjuje potrebu za
antibioticima, čime se smanjuje rizik od razvoja rezistencije i štiti
javno zdravlje. Manja upotreba antibiotika takođe doprinosi
očuvanju biodiverziteta i smanjenju negativnog uticaja na životnu
sredinu.
Ovaj pristup omogućava održiviju proizvodnju jer smanjenje širenja
bolesti smanjuje potrebu za hemijskim tretmanima koji mogu škoditi
životnoj sredini. Biotehnološka rešenja smanjuju ispuštanje štetnih
supstanci u vodeni ekosistem, čime se doprinosi očuvanju kvaliteta
vode i zaštiti prirodnih resursa.
Na taj način, ovo rešenje ne samo da poboljšava ekonomsku
održivost akvakulture, već omogućava odgovorno upravljanje
zdravljem riba, zaštitu životne sredine i primenu efikasnih
biosigurnosnih mera, čime se osigurava dugoročna održivost
akvakulture