REPONIVS - Repository of Scientific Institute for Veterinary Medicine of Serbia
Not a member yet
1296 research outputs found
Sort by
Тhe impact of different factors on the shelf life of honey
No full textHoney, a natural sweetener known for its highly estimated nutritional properties and long shelf life can
be influenced by various factors that can affect its quality and stability. The nutritional value and
chemical properties of honey are influenced by various factors such as the type of bee that produces it,
its geographic location, flower availability, the processing temperature, the packaging, the storage
conditions, and the weather. The most important factors affecting the shelf life of honey include its
moisture content, storage conditions, and the presence of impurities. By systematically reviewing of the
existing literature, this study aims to provide a detailed understanding of the factors influencing honey's
shelf life, offering suggestions for consumers and producers to optimize honey storage and preservation.
Moisture content is crucial as high-water content can lead to fermentation and spoilage, while low
moisture helps maintain honey stability. Storage conditions such as temperature, light exposure, and
packaging play significant roles in preserving the quality of honey. Optimal storage conditions involve
cool, dark places and airtight containers to prevent any deterioration and degradation. Additionally, the
presence of impurities like pollen, wax, and foreign particles can promote microbial growth, affecting
honey's purity and consequently shelf life. Understanding these factors is essential for both consumers
and producers to ensure honey remains safe and high-quality product over storage periods.Book of abstract
Foodborne parasitic zoonoses in Serbia
No full textZoonotic transmission of parasitic infections is frequently overlooked or not fully acknowledged. Humans contract these infections through contaminated food, water, soil, direct animal contact, or through vectors. In Europe, the top five significant foodbome parasites (FBPs) include Echinococcus multilocularis, Toxoplasma gondii, Trichinella spiralis, Echinococcus granulosus, and Cryptosporidium spp., all of which are zoonotic. In Serbia, as in many other countries, global food sourcing, increased travel, shifts in culinary habits such as consuming raw vegetables- and undercooking for flavor and nutrient preservation, can increase the risk of foodbome pathogens. In the same time improvements in diagnostic tools are obtained. The aim of this study is to present an overview of FBPs within both human and animal populations in Serbia, including meat inspection practices and strategies for reducing the risk of infection. In Serbia, parasitic zoonoses transmitted through meat consumption, such as Trichinella spp., Echinoccosus spp., Taenia spp., Sarcocystis spp., and Toxoplasma gondii, significantly contribute to illness and/or economic losses. However, foodbome parasites receive less attention compared to other pathogens in Serbia. Human surveillance for most FBPs is passive, although trichinellosis and echinococcosis are notifiable diseases. There is a deficiency in sufficient surveillance programs for these FBPs in animals, with the exception of Trichinella spp., which is subject to active surveillance in susceptible animals as per Serbian regulations. One Health approach to control FBPs involves educating farmers and increasing awareness about parasite contamination in our environment and its health implications. Additionally, enhancing veterinary sanitary measures in animal farming and waste management is crucial
Prikaz slučaja aujeskijeve bolesti kod lovačkih pasa na teritoriji Republike Srpske
No full textАујескијева болест (Morbus Aujeszky) је акутно, контагиозно вирусно обољење, прије свега
свиња, а затим и других врста домаћих и дивљих животиња. Узрочник обољења је херпес
вирус свиња 1, подфамилије Alphaherpesvirinae, из фамилије Herpesviridae. Код свиња зараза
је ензоотског карактера, с високом стопом морталитета код прасади. Исход клиничких
симптома код свиња зависи од вируленције вируса, старости и имунолошког статуса. Домаће
и дивље свиње су главни резервоар вируса за секундарне домаћине (овце, говеда и карнивори).
Код секундарних домаћина обољење је спорадично, карактерише се кратким инкубационим
периодом, и фаталним исходом. Крајем 2023. и почетком 2024. године, извршена је обдукција
два ловачка пса (алпски брак јазавичар и плот). Према анамнестичким подацима, непосредно
након лова код оба пса појавили су се симптоми инапетенце, фебре и повраћања. Убрзо се
јављају неуролошки симптоми у форми нагињања главе на страну (плот) и пруритуса до
аутомутилације. До угинућа оба пса дошло је за неколико часова од појаве неуролошких
симптома. У овом случају путеви заражавања су били различити: алпски брак јазавичар је
конзумирао сирово месо дивље свиње, док је плот током лова дошао у директан контакт с
дивљом свињом, а након лова је лизао крв с трупа одстријељене дивље свиње. Макроскопски
су уочене лезије на кожи главе, хиперемија конјунктива, генерализована лимфаденопатија,
хиперемија плућа и можданица и масовна крварења. Код плота је констатована дилатација
желуца с десном торзијом слезине, највјероватније као посљедица шока и акутног бола.
Хистопатолошком анализом, код оба пса утврђен је негнојни енцефалитис који се
карактерисао периваскуларним мононуклераним инфилтратом И периваскуларним
крварењима у мозгу, а у продуженој мождини сателитозом и глиозом с неуронофагијом. У
неуронима продужене мождине констатоване су интрануклеарне еозинофилне инклузије.
Узорци ткива мозга и кожне лезије су тестирани на присуство вируса Аујескијеве болести
примјеном ланчане реакције полимеразе (PCR). Резултати PCR анализе доказали су присуство
нуклеинске киселине вируса у испитиваним узорцима. Спорадично инфицирање ловачких
паса може да указује на циркулацију вируса у популацији дивљих свиња.Aujeszky's disease (Morbus Aujeszky) is an acute, contagious viral disease primarily occurring in
pigs, but also in other domestic and wild species. The causative agent is the Suid herpesvirus 1,
subfamily Alphaherpesvirinae, family Herpesviridae. In the pig population, the infection is enzootic,
with high mortality rates in piglets. The outcome of clinical symptoms in pigs depends on the
virulence of the virus, as well as the age and immune status of the host. Domestic and wild pigs are
the main reservoir of the virus for secondary hosts (most often sheep, cattle and carnivores). The
disease occurs sporadically in secondary hosts, it is characterized by a short incubation period, and a
fatal outcome. At the end of 2023 and the beginning of 2024, an autopsy was performed on two
hunting dogs (Alpine Dachshund and Plott). According to the anamnestic data, immediately after the
hunt, initial clinical symptoms appeared in both dogs: inappetence, fever and vomiting. Shortly after
the initial symptoms, neurological symptoms appeared in the form of tilting the head to the side (Plott)
and pruritus leading to self-mutilation. Both dogs died within a few hours of the onset of neurological
symptoms. In this case, the routes of infection were different: Alpine dachshund consumed raw wild
boar meat, while Plott came into direct contact with the wild boar during the hunt, and after the hunt
it licked the blood from the carcass of the wild boar. Macroscopically head skin lesion, conjunctival
hyperaemia, generalized lymphadenopathy, hyperaemia of the lungs and meninges and massive
hemorrhages were noted. Also, gastric dilatation with right splenic torsion noted in Plott, most
probably as a result of shock and acute pain. Histopathological analysis revealed non-purulent
encephalitis in both dogs, which was characterized by perivascular mononuclear infiltrate and
perivascular hemorrhages in the brain, and in the medulla oblongata by satellitosis and gliosis with
neuronophagia. Intranuclear eosinophilic inclusions were found in the neurons of the medulla
oblongata. Brain tissue and skin lesion samples were tested for the presence of Aujeszky's disease
virus using polymerase chain reaction (PCR). The results of the PCR analysis proved the presence of
nucleic acid of the virus in the tested samples. Sporadic infection of hunting dogs may indicate the
circulation of the virus in the wild boar population
Aflatoxicosis in dogs - examples and interpretations
No full textThe presence of aflatoxins in pet food is often overlooked in practice until an incident occurs, which has unfortunately become increasingly common in recent times. On the other hand, the perception of the danger of these secondary metabolites of moulds in the human food chain is generally at a satisfactory level. For both humans and livestock, the maximum permissible levels in food are regulated, so monitoring programs are part of the strategy of state control of food and feed safety in European countries, including Serbia.
However, the mycotoxicological situation for pet food is different. Dogs are particularly sensitive to aflatoxins and often suffer fatal consequences. Considering that pets are referred to as "companion animals", it is clear that due to the emotional attachment of the owners, each case represents a very sensitive and complicated challenge that exceeds the financial losses typical for farms.
The lack of knowledge about the effects of aflatoxins on the health of dogs and the lack of regulations and controls for this type of feed are the most common causes of recent outbreaks. The detour of contaminated grain from the human food chain into pet food is unacceptable and the frightening consequences can only be avoided by increasing the level of information and educating all stakeholders. The aim of this article is therefore to raise awareness of the importance of controls and conscientious behaviour in the pet food industry and to warn feed manufacturers and dog owners about the negative effects that aflatoxins have on these animalse-Proceeding
Focusing of specificity: commercial ELISA kits for FAST diseases diagnosis in wild animals
No full textFAST diseases comprise Foot-and-mouth disease (FMD), Peste des petits ruminants (PPR),
Capripoxviruses (CaPV), Rift Valley fever (RVF), and bovine ephemeral fever (BEF). These
diseases threaten both domestic and wild animals, with the latter potentially serving as
sentinels and reservoirs in disease epidemiology. While molecular methods are typically used
for diagnosis in non-endemic regions, ELISA tests for antibody detection play a significant
role in establishing disease-free status. Commercial ELISA kits vary in diagnostic sensitivity
(DSe) and specificity (DSp), with some optimized for screening purposes and others for
confirmatory assays. This study assessed DSp of commercially available ELISA kits and their
suitability for testing wild animals
Molecular characterization of rabies virus G and N genes from Serbia
No full textRabies is a viral disease of the central nervous system of all warm-blooded animals and is one of the oldest and most important zoonotic diseases. In the Republic of Serbia, rabies is controlled through compulsory vaccination of dogs and cats and oral vaccination of wild carnivores, which has been introduced since 2010. Between 2009 and 2018, 367 rabies cases were recorded, with the peak of rabies occurrence between 2009 and 2011. The last rabies case in Serbia was recorded in 2018 in a red fox (Vulpes vulpes), and the last case in a dog was diagnosed in 2011. The aim of this study was to conduct a molecular characterization of rabies virus strains based on their G and N genes to enable future virus tracking based on the association between the genetic lineage and geographical distribution of rabies virus.
Fourteen historically positive brain samples from foxes collected in central Serbia between 2009 and 2018 were used for rabies virus detection and molecular characterizations. 10% brain homogenates in PBS were used for RNA extraction (IndiSpin Pathogen Kit, Indical). Specific genome regions were amplified using RT-PCR method, the commercial kit (OneStep RT-PCR, Qiagen) and published primers, G gene N-L Rev: 5'-TCCCAGTCTAGGGCRTCATG-3' and MF2: 5'-CTATTAACATCCCTCAAAAG-3', and N gene: JW12: 5' -ATGTAACACC(C/T)CTACAATTG-3' and JW6 (DPL): 5'-CAATTCGCACACATTTTGTG-3'. Amplicons of specific length were purified with the GeneJET PCR Purification Kit (ThermoFisher Scientific) and sequenced using the Sanger method at Macrogen Europe, The Netherlands. Consensus sequences were created using the Staden package 2003. A Neighbor-joining phylogenetic tree was constructed for N genes and a maximum likelihood tree for G genes. Sequences identified from this study were submitted to the NCBI GenBank database with accession numbers ON988010 to ON988031.
The partial N gene was successfully sequenced from 14 samples, and high-quality sequences of the partial G gene were obtained from 8 samples. All Serbian partial G sequences belonged to a group of viruses isolated from Bosnia and Herzegovina, Italy, Slovenia, and France. The Serbian isolates were further divided into three subgroups. All Serbian field strains were identified as classical rabies viruses and assigned to the cosmopolitan lineage. Of the 14 rabies virus strains, 13 belonged to the EE sublineage of rabies virus isolates, whereas the 2011 virus ON988027 was clustered with isolates of the WE sublineage and German isolates. Of the 13 EE viruses, 12 clustered with isolates from Croatia, Bosnia and Herzegovina, and Ukraine, and one, ON988021, belonged to a cluster of viruses from Bulgaria and Hungary. The overall distance between Serbian strains in the EE group was 0.008. The most distant virus was ON988027, belonging to the WE lineage, with an average distance of 0.08 from the EE group. Due to its unique landscape, Serbia represents an overlap of certain sublineages of the rabies virus: EE is constant, and WE strains end, while NEE and D strains occur in the east of Serbia.Oral presentation
Molecular Detection and Genetic Variability of Hepatozoon canis in Golden Jackals (Canis aureus L. 1758) in Serbia
No full textHepatozoon canis is a protozoan tick-borne parasite infecting domestic and wild canids,
including foxes, wolves, and jackals. It is mainly found in dogs but has also been detected in several wild carnivores, including foxes, wolves, and jackals. Host transmission primarily occurs through the ingestion of infected ticks, typically Rhipicephalus sanguineus, with documented instances of transplacental transmission from infected females to cubs. In Serbia, the golden jackal is common throughout the country, and its population has increased in recent years. Previous research has documented the presence of several vector-borne pathogens in the jackal population in Serbia, so we conducted this study to determine the presence, prevalence, and genetic variability of H. canis. Over eleven years (2010–2020), 114 animal samples were collected from 23 localities in Serbia. A
total of 90/114 (78.95%) jackals were positive for H. canis, and they came from 22 localities. Among 15 juveniles, almost half (6/15 (40%)) tested positive for H. canis. In addition to the high prevalence, high genetic variability of the pathogen was also found. According to the mutated positions, four sequence types (S4–S7) of H. canis were determined. Based on our earlier research on the grey wolf and on this study, it can be observed that various sequence types of H. canis circulate within wild canid populations in Serbia. The prevalence of H. canis infection in wild carnivores raises significant concerns for wildlife conservation and animal health. Infected animals may act as reservoirs for the disease, posing a potential risk to domestic animals by acting as a source of infection
Primena novog biotehnološkog postupka u cilju unapređenja zdravstvenog stanja i proizvodnih performansi šarana - Biosigurnost u šaranskoj akvakulturi
No full textTehničko rešenje pod nazivom "Primena inovativnih biotehnoloških
metoda za unapređenje zdravstvenog stanja i proizvodnih
performansi šarana - Biosigurnost u šaranskoj akvakulturi" odnosi se
na implementaciju naprednih biotehnoloških postupaka u akvakulturi
šarana. Ovaj pristup podrazumeva uspostavljanje sveobuhvatnog
sistema biosigurnosnih mera, uključujući razvoj i primenu autogenih
vakcina protiv ključnih patogena identifikovanih na osnovu analize
rizika. Cilj rešenja je unapređenje zdravstvenog statusa šarana,
smanjenje potrebe za upotrebom antibiotika, kao i povećanje
proizvodnih performansi kroz održive prakse koje podržavaju
dobrobit riba i smanjuju rizik od pojave bolesti u akvakulturi.
Tehničko rešenje se koristi u veterinarskoj medicini, u okviru
programa kontrole, zdravstvene zaštite i profilakse u akvakulturi.
Korišćenjem rezultata tehničkog rešenja se postiže sledeće:
• Poboljšanje zdravstvenog statusa šarana u akvakulturi:
Uvođenjem autogenih vakcina i unapređenih biosigurnosnih
mera, očekuje se smanjenje učestalosti bolesti među
populacijom šarana, što direktno doprinosi boljem
zdravstvenom stanju ribe.
• Smanjenje upotrebe antibiotika: Ovim rešenjem se teži
smanjenju potrebe za upotrebom antibiotika u šaranskoj
akvakulturi, što doprinosi bezbednijoj i ekološki održivijoj
proizvodnji ribe.
• Povećanje proizvodnih performansi: Zdravija riba ima
bolje proizvodne performanse, što uključuje brži rast, bolju
otpornost na stres i efikasnije korišćenje hrane, čime se
povećava ukupna produktivnost ribnjaka.
• Održivost i konkurentnost: Korišćenje ovog rešenja
doprinosi dugoročnoj održivosti i konkurentnosti šaranske
akvakulture, posebno u kontekstu sve strožih regulativa u
vezi sa upotrebom antibiotika i potreba za održivom
proizvodnjom hrane.
• Unapređenje biosigurnosti: Implementacija sistema
biosigurnosnih mera smanjuje rizik od izbijanja zaraznih
bolesti, čime se obezbeđuje stabilnija i sigurnija proizvodnja.
Primena ovog tehničkog rešenja doprinosi unapređenju standarda u
šaranskoj akvakulturi, kako u pogledu kvaliteta proizvoda, tako i u
pogledu zaštite životne sredine i javnog zdravlja
Reduction in pathogenic biofilms by the photoactive composite of bacterial cellulose and nanochitosan dots under blue and green light
No full textIn this study, nanochitosan dots (ChiDs) were synthesized using gamma rays and encapsulated
in bacterial cellulose (BC) polymer matrix for antibiofilm potential in photodynamic
therapy. The composites were analyzed for structural changes using SEM, AFM, FTIR, XRD, EPR,
and porosity measurements. Additionally, ChiD release was assessed. The results showed that the
chemical composition remained unaltered, but ChiD agglomerates embedded in BC changed shape
(1.5–2.5 μm). Bacterial cellulose fibers became deformed and interconnected, with increased surface
roughness and porosity and decreased crystallinity. No singlet oxygen formation was observed,
and the total amount of released ChiD was up to 16.10%. Antibiofilm activity was higher under
green light, with reductions ranging from 48 to 57% under blue light and 78 to 85% under green
light. Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus was the most sensitive strain. The new photoactive
composite hydrogels show promising potential for combating biofilm-related infections