REPONIVS - Repository of Scientific Institute for Veterinary Medicine of Serbia
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The success of different treatments for the reposition of displaced abomasum in cows
No full textDislokacija sirišta je značajan zdravstveni problem u patologi ji digestivnog trakta visokomlečnih krava. Ona predstavlja topografsku gastropatiju
koja se pojavljuje u više oblika: kao dislokacija sirišta na levo, dislokacija sirišta na de sno i torzija sirišta. Na nivou stada visokomlečnih krava, dislokacija sirišta je široko
rasprostranjeno oboljenje goveda, čija učestalost pojavljivanja iznosi oko 5%. Od uku pnog broja obolelih životinja, prevalencija levostrane dislokacije iznosi oko 80%, dok se
ostali oblici promene položaja sirišta pojavljuju ređe. Pored direktnog uticaja na zdrav stveni status i smanjenje proizvodnje mleka kod obolelih životinja, ovo oboljenje ima i
negativan uticaj na plodnost krava. Tokom poslednjih šezdeset godina, razvijeno je više
metoda lečenja dislokacije sirišta, od konzervativnih do hiruških tehnika koje daju naj više izgleda za povoljan ishod. Klasične hirurške metode lečenja imaju za cilj repoziciju
sirišta u anatomski normalan položaj i njegovu fiksaciju za abdominalni zid. Sa razvo jem savremenih tehnika u humanoj medicini, u poslednje dve decenije značajno mesto
u hirurškom trertmanu dislokacije sirišta zauzimaju i laparoskopske tehnike koje su
minimalno invazivne. U odnosu na klasične hirurške tehnike, laparoskopska fiksacija
sirišta ima nekoliko prednosti. Pored manje traume, bolja je abdominalna vizuelizaci ja, jednostavna je za izvođenje, brza, manje stresna po životinju i primenljiva je u svim
terenskim uslovimaDisplaced abomasum is a significant problem in pathology of the di gestive system of high-yielding cows. Displaced abomasum represents a topographical
gastropathy that occurs in multiple forms: left displaced abomasum, right displaced
abomasum and rotated abomasum. In dairy cow herds, displaced abomasum is wide spread pathology with a frequency of occurrence of 5%. The prevalence of left displaced
abomasum is about 80% of the affected animals, while other forms appear less fre quently. In addition to the direct effect on the health status and the reduction in milk
production of the affected animals, this disease also has a negative impact on the fer tility of cows. Over the last 60 years, several methods for treating displaced abomasum
have been developed, from conservative to surgical techniques, the latter having the
best chance of a favorable outcome. Classic surgical techniques aim to return the dis placed abomasum to its anatomically normal position and fix it to the abdominal wall.
Parallel to the development of surgical techniques in human medicine, laparoscopic
treatment, which is minimally invasive, has taken an important place in the surgical
treatment of displaced abomasum in the last 10 years. Compared to the classic surgical
techniques, laparoscopic fixation of the displaced abomasum has several advantages.
In addition to being less traumatic, the abdominal visualization is better, the procedure
is simpler, quicker and less stressful for the animal, and the method is applicable in the
field practice.Zbornik predavanj
Biodiversity of sheep ticks in the spread Belgrade area
No full textIspitivanje krpelja u Srbiji ima dugu tradiciju i rađeno je sistematski. U ovom radu su prikazani rezultati istraživanja krpelja kod ovaca na širem područja Beograda u periodu od 2011. do 2018. godine. Ukupno je pregledano 97 stada (2 297 ovaca) poreklom iz 43 sela u okolini Beograda. Tokom ovih istraživanja, kod ovaca na području Beograda su ustanovljeni I. ricinus (41,91%), Dermacentor marginatus (32,91%), Rhipicephalus bursa (17,22%), R. sanguineus (6,72%), Haemaphysalis punctata (2,21%) i D. pictus (1,09%). Odnos polova kod dominantnih vrsta krpelja je bio sledeći: od ukupnog broja prikupljenih krpelja, 52,35% su bile ženke, a 47,65% mužjaci. Odnos polova nađenih vrsta krpelja ukazao je na veći broj ženki u četiri vrste: I. ricinus, Ha. punctata, R. sanguineus i D. marginatus, dok je veći broj mužjaka otkriven kod jedne vrste – R. bursa i jednak broj kod krpelja D. pictus. U martu su nađeni I. ricinus, R. sanguineus, D. marginatus i Ha. punctata. U aprilu su pronađeni D. pictus i R. bursa. Maksimum brojnosti u aprilu dostižu D. marginatus i Ha. punctata, a u maju I. ricinus i D. pictus. U junu, populacijski pik imaju R. sanguineus i R. bursa, koje su najčešće nalažene vrste i u julu i u avgustu. U septembru je zapažen porast populacije I. ricinus i D. marginatus, dok je u oktobru uočen porast R. sanguineus.The examination of ticks in Serbia has a long tradition and is carried out systematically. In our work, we present results of research on ticks in sheep from the wider area of Belgrade in the period from 2011. to 2018. A total of 97 flocks (2 297 sheep) originating from 43 villages in the vicinity of Belgrade were examined. During these investigations, Ixodes ricinus (41.91%), Dermacentor marginatus (32.91%), Rhipicephalus bursa (17.22%), R. sanguineus (6.72%), Haemaphysalis punctata (2.21%) and D. pictus (1.09%) were found in sheep in the Belgrade area. The gender ratio of the dominant species of ticks was as follows: of the total number of ticks collected, 52.35% were females and 47.65% males. The sex ratio of the tick species found, showed a higher number of females in four species I. ricinus, Ha. punctata, R. sanguineus and D. marginatus, while a higher number of males was detected in one species - R. bursa and an equal number in D. pictus ticks. In March, I. ricinus, R. sanguineus, D. marginatus and Ha. punctata were found. D. pictus and R. bursa were found in April. D. marginatus and Ha. punctata reach their maximum abundance in April and I. ricinus and D. pictus in May. In June, the population peak were recorded for R. sanguineus and R. bursa, which were the most frequently found species in both July and August. In September, we observed an increase in the population of I. ricinus and D. marginatus, while in October we observed an increase in R. sanguineus presence.Zbornik predavanj
Functional food additives
No full textIn this paper, the role of biologically active substances (additives) in functional food is briefly discussed. Prebiotics are functional food ingredients in the form of substances or dietary supplements, which are mostly not absorbed in the human intestine, but have a beneficial effect on the host organism through selective stimulation of growth and (or) activation of the metabolism of beneficial representatives of its intestinal microbial community, i.e. prebiotics are stimulators of probiotics. Probiotics are preparations or food products that include substances of microbial and non-microbial origin, which, when taken naturally, have a favorable effect on the physiological and biochemical reactions of the organism, optimizing its microbiological status (functioning of the normal microbial community). Symbiotics or multi-probiotics are preparations consisting of several probiotic strains. Symbiotic are preparations, biologically active supplements, and probiotic products of mixed composition - complexes of probiotics, including those with multiple strains, with various so-called prebiotic substances. Their effect is based on the synergism of the combination of pre-and probiotics. Parapharmaceuticals are biologically active food additives, which are used in prophylaxis, adjunctive therapy, and maintaining the functional activity of organs and organ systems within physiological limits
Bovine Parainfluenza Virus 3 and Bovine Respiratory Syncytial Virus: Dominant Viral Players in Bovine Respiratory Disease Complex among Serbian Cattle
No full textBovine respiratory disease complex, a complex respiratory ailment in cattle, results from
a combination of viral and bacterial factors, compounded by environmental stressors such as overcrowding,
transportation, and adverse weather conditions. Its impact extends beyond mere health
concerns, posing significant economic threats to the cattle industry. This study presents an extensive
investigation into viral pathogens associated with BRDC in Serbian cattle, utilizing serum samples
and nasal swabs. A cross-sectional study was conducted in 2024 across 65 randomly selected dairy
farms in Serbia, excluding farms with vaccinated cattle. The farms were categorized by their livestock
count: small (≤50 animals), medium (51–200 animals), and large (>200 animals). Serum samples
from adult cattle older than 24 months were tested for antibodies against BVDV, BHV-1, BRSV, and
BPIV3. Nasal swab samples from the animals with respiratory signs were tested using PCR for viral
genome detection. The results showed seropositivity for all four viruses across all of the farms, with
BPIV3 exhibiting universal seropositivity. Medium-sized and large farms demonstrated higher levels
of seropositivity for BRSV and BHV-1 compared to small farms (p < 0.05). Our true seroprevalence
estimates at the animal level were 84.29% for BRSV, 54.08% for BVDV, 90.61% for BHV-1, and 84.59%
for BPIV3. A PCR analysis of the nasal swabs revealed positive detections for BRSV (20%), BHV-1
(1.7%), BVDV (8%), and BPIV3 (10.9%). Influenza D virus was not found in any of the samples. This
study provides critical insights into the prevalence and circulation of viral pathogens associated with
BRDC in Serbian cattle, emphasizing the importance of surveillance and control measures to mitigate
the impact of respiratory diseases in cattle populations
Održavanje virusa afričke kuge svinja u životnoj sredini i insektima kao potencijalnim vektorima
No full textAfrička kuga svinja (African swine fever- AKS) predstavlja ozbiljnu pretnju svinjarskoj
industriji širom sveta. Ova bolest, izazvana virusom Afričke kuge svinja (AKSV), prvi put je
identifikovana u Africi, ali se od tada proširila na druge kontinente, uključujući Evropu i Aziju.
Ovaj DNK virus je karakterističan po tome što je jedini DNK virus koga prenose artropodni
vektori, meki krpelji (Acari:Argasidae) roda Ornithodoros. U Evropi, ASFV obično se prenosi
putem inficiranih divljih svinja, ali i putem kontaminirane životne sredine, hrane, ljudi i
insekata koji su imali kontakt sa zaraženim svinjama. Virus može dugo preživeti u životnoj
sredini i otporan je na ekstremne uslove, što olakšava njegovo širenje. Postoje naučni dokazi
da je više vrsta artropoda kao što su muve (Diptera: Muscidae) i kulikoidi (Diptera:
Ceratopogonidae) uključeno u mehaničko širenje AKSV. Međutim, i dalje postoje ograničeni
podaci o ulozi insekata u epidemiologiji AKS u Evropi. Infekcija svinja sa AKSV može dovesti
do širokog spektra kliničkih znakova, uključujući visoku temperaturu, gubitak apetita, kožne
promene, teške respiratorne probleme i konačno smrt. Afrička kuga svinja ima značajan
ekonomski uticaj na svinjarsku industriju. Štete nastale zbog bolesti uključuju gubitak stoke,
pad proizvodnje mesa svinja, povećane troškove suzbijanja bolesti i trgovinski embargo na
zemlje zahvaćene bolešću. To može dovesti do ozbiljnih ekonomskih gubitaka za proizvođače,
industriju hrane za životinje i povezane sektore. Glavna mera kontrole bolesti usmerena na
sprečavanje njenog širenja iako su razvijene vakcine koje su u upotrebi u pojedinim delovima
sveta. Kontrola Afričke svinjske kuge zahteva saradnju između vlada, poljoprivrednih
organizacija i naučne zajednice. Mere koje se primenjuju uključuju ograničavanje kretanja
svinja, poboljšanje higijenskih standarda na farmama, brzu detekciju i uklanjanje zaraženih životinja te edukaciju o rizicima i preventivnim merama. Cilj našeg rada je da doprinesemo
razumevanju faktora životne sredine i insekata na ciklus održanja i prenošenja AKSV u Srbiji.Zbornik radov
Congenital hepatic fibrosis in an aborted Holstein-Friesian fetus
No full textCongenital hepatic fibrosis (CHF) is a rare condition characterized by abnormal
accumulation of fibrous tissue in the liver, leading to liver dysfunction. While CHF
has been documented in various animal species, it has rarely been reported in cattle.
This report presents a case of CHF in an aborted Holstein-Friesian fetus. During the
necropsy, the most notable macroscopic findings included an enlarged liver with an
irregular “cobblestone appearance” on the surface and firm parenchyma, as well as
moderate ascites. Histopathological examination revealed extensive hepatic fibrosis in
the portal areas, accompanied by bridging fibrosis extending between portal tracts and
bile duct proliferation within the fibrous tissue. Screening for infectious agents as the
cause of abortion or liver lesions was unremarkable. The necropsy and histopathological
findings confirmed CHF, constituting the first case described in Holstein-Friesian calves
in Serbia. Further research is required to determine whether this condition has a genetic
basis or is influenced by yet to be identified factors in Holstein-Friesian cattle
Small ruminants' biosecurity measures
No full textBiosecurity is a series of management practices designed to prevent the introduction and
spread of disease pathogens that can harm or adversely affect livestock, crops, environments,
and people. These practices may also help eliminate or control diseases already existing on the
premises. The most important biosecurity principles (small ruminant introductions, visitors and
staff, vehicles, neighbors, water and feed, control programs, management practices, managing
outgoing products, working routines, training, plan and record), best-management practices
and biosecurity measures based on literature data, national and international guides,
instructions, code of recommendations and checklist are shown on the poster. In addition to
the mentioned biosecurity principles, the importance of segregation, cleaning and disinfection
is highlighted. Keeping infected animals and contaminated materials away from uninfected
animals is the most important and effective part of biosecurity. Cleaning and disinfection of the
animal housing facilities, vehicles, and equipment (including boots and clothing) are a very
effective way to minimize disease transmission to or between the animals. It is very important
to implement biosecurity measures as long-standing and successful practices on farms to keep
sheep and goats healthy. These measures should be included in a comprehensive biosecurity
plan. A biosecurity plan should address how farmers manage animals, vehicles and human
access on the farm, animal health and operations. The most important biosecurity principles
should be followed continuously, and in cooperation with veterinarians, farmers enable
themselves to play a significant role in keeping the animals and the production as healthy as
possible.https://better-biosecurity.eu/repository
Serological evidence of exposure to influenza a in different age categories in pig farms in Serbia
No full textSwine influenza is a respiratory disease of pigs caused by different strains of the H1N1, H3N2, and H1N2 subtypes of influenza A virus. In commercial pig farming, this infection causes significant direct and indirect losses, mainly when co-infections with other viral and bacterial pathogens occur. Because of the occasional introductions and spread of porcine influenza viruses in the human population, this is also a disease of public importance. Therefore, monitoring of this infection on commercial pig farms is extremely important. Typically, detecting specific antibodies against the influenza virus is the first choice method for this purpose. In laboratory conditions, the immune response is already detectable on the third day after the infection, with the peak antibody level between the 14th and 21st. The immunity is long-lasting and protects against infection with the homologous or antigenically similar strain. To determine the rate of seropositivity and serotypes of circulating influenza A virus, we examined sera from different age categories of pigs raised on commercial farms.
The investigation included 625 sera from pigs reared on six commercial farms that do not apply vaccination as a disease control measure and partially implement internal and external biosecurity measures. Sera originated from suckling piglets, nursing pigs, sows, and boars. All samples were tested using a commercial ELISA (Influenza A Ingezim kit, Ingenasa, Spain) according to the manufacturer's instructions. Based on the results obtained from the ELISA test, 64 sera were selected for serotyping. The inhibition of hemagglutination (IHA) was conducted in accordance with the protocol in WHO guidelines for the diagnosis and surveillance of influenza in animals. The reference viruses used in this study were obtained from the WOAH Reference Laboratory for Swine Influenza (IZSLER) and included two strains of the H1N1 subtype and one of each strain of the H3N2 and H1N2 subtypes.
By examining 625 pig sera by ELISA, an overall seropositivity rate of 72.8% was established. The highest rate was established among tested sows (95.3%), while in a group of suckling piglets and nursing pigs, 70% were positive. In comparison to the results of ELISA, IHA revealed lower sensitivity for 64 selected sera (81.25%), which can be related to the antigenic divergence of circulating and laboratory strains. Using the IHA, 52 pig sera from 4 farms were successfully typed. Specific antibodies against the H1N2 subtype were not detected in any of the tested sera, while H1N1 and H3N2 antibodies were detected in pigs on all tested farms. Antibodies against two or three strains were established in 65.4% of the analyzed sera. This research indicates the widespread presence of influenza on commercial pig farms and the circulation of H1N1 and H3N2 subtypes of influenza A virus.Abstract boo
Antivirusni i antibakterijski filteri za maske za lice na bazi srebrnih kvantnih tačaka
No full textBackground/Aim.Available face masks, used to protect the respiratory system from various types of pathogens, show unsatisfactory efficiency because the size of viruses like severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is much smaller than the void spaces in these masks. Difficult breathing through some masks quickly tires out, which makes ordinary people avoid wearing them. These facts suggest that a new strategy is desirable for designing protective face masks. The aim of the study was to present new filters for face masks to protectpeople exposed to high concentrations of bacteria and viruses, particularly SARS-CoV-2. Methods.Filters for these masks were manufactured of dense cotton fabric impregnated with silver quantum dots. The filters were characterized by scanning electron microscopy and ion-coupledplasma mass spectrometry. Wettability properties were determined by measuring contact angles with water, and a color fastness test was performed. Antibacterial assay was performed using Staphylococcus (S.) aureus. Viability quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) for virus integrity assay and reverse transcription qPCR (RT-qPCR) assay were used for antiviral activity assessment. Results.In vitroassays showed extremely high efficiency of these filters in destroying S. aureus and SARS-CoV-2 virus. The filters also showed high safety and easy breathing possibilities. Conclusion.The high efficiency of these masks against SARS-CoV-2 has been demonstrated through numerous tests, and they have been approved as anti-SARS-CoV-2 masks for the first time in the world. In the meantime, this solution has been applied in practice, and the data obtained about that are very encouraging.Uvod/Cilj. Dostupne maske za lice, koje se koriste za zaštitu respiratornog sistema od različitih vrsta patogena, ne pokazuju zadovoljavajucu efikasnost, jer je virus poput korona virusa izazivača teškog akutnog respiratornog sindroma, severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) mnogo manji od pora u ovim maskama. Teško disanje kroz neke maske brzo dovodi do zamora, zbog čega ljudi izbegavaju da ih nose. Te činjenice sugerišu da je poželjna nova strategija u dizajniranju zaštitnih maski za lice. Cilj rada bio je da se predstave novi filteri za maske za zaštitu osoba izloženih visokoj koncentraciji bakterija i virusa, posebno SARS-CoV-2. Metode. Filteri za te maske izrađeni su od guste pamučne tkanine impregnirane srebrnim kvantnim tačkama. Filteri su okarakterisani skenirajucom elektronskom mikroskopijom i jonsko-spregnutom plazma masenom spektrometrijom. Svojstva vlaženja određivana su merenjem kontaktnih uglova sa vodom, a ispitana je i postojanost boje tih filtera. Antibakterijski test izveden je korišcenjem Staphylococcus (S.) aureus. Za procenu antivirusne aktivnosti korišceni su test viabilnosti quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) – test integriteta virusa i test reverzne transkriptaze qPCR (RT-qPCR). Rezultati. In vitro testovi pokazali su izuzetno visoku efikasnost ispitanih filtera u uništavanju bakterije S. aureus i virusa SARS-CoV-2. Filteri su, takođe, pokazali visoku sigurnost i mogućnost za lako disanje. Zaključak. Visoka efikasnost ispitivanih maski protiv SARS-CoV-2 dokazana je mnogobrojnim testovima i one su, po prvi put u svetu, odobrene kao anti-SARS-CoV-2 maske. U međuvremenu, ovo rešenje primenjeno je u praksi, a podaci o tome su veoma ohrabrujuci
First case of ichthyophonosis in farmed rainbow trout Oncorhynchus mykiss in Serbia
No full textIchthyophonosis is a disease caused by the mesomycetozoean parasite Ichthyophonus hoferi that affects a variety of fish species, including rainbow trout Oncorhynchus mykiss Walbaum. This disease is characterized by granulomatous lesions and necrosis in various organs, which can have severe impacts on the health and welfare of the fish. Ichthyophonosis has been found in several parts of the world, including Europe, and is a significant concern in the aquaculture industry and for populations of wild marine fishes. The rainbow trout is a widely cultured salmonid species in many countries, including Serbia. Although the presence of I. hoferi in rainbow trout has been reported in several countries, it has never been documented in Serbia. In this article, we report the first case of ichthyophonosis in rainbow trout in Serbia