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Značaj Neospora caninum u etiologiji pobačaja kod domaćih životinja
No full textNeosporoza se danas ubraja među najznačajnije infektivne uzroke pobačaja i
neonatalnih uginuća kod goveda širom sveta. Uzročnik oboljenja je Neospora caninum,
obligatni intracelularni protozoalni parazit, za koga su psi pravi domaćini. Parazitske
oociste putem fecesa pasa dospevaju u spoljašnju sredinu, te predstavljaju izvor
zaraze za druge životinje. Goveda se najčešće inficiraju oralnim putem, a kod ovih
prelaznih domaćina dolazi do umnožavanja i transplacentarnog prenosa patogena, što
doprinosi održavanju infekcije u stadu. Klinički znaci infekcije Neospora caninum kod
odraslih goveda su retki, ali usled učestalih pobačaja, smanjenja mlečnosti,
produženog servis perioda i prevremenog isključivanja grla iz proizvodnje, nastaju
značajni ekonomski gubici (Reichel i sar., 2013). Oboljenje je registrovano i kod malih
preživara, jelena, nosoroga i konja, dok su antitela protiv Neospora caninum utvrđena
kod vodenih bivola, lisica, kojota, kamila, mačaka i svinja (Dubey i sar., 2007; Dubey,
2003). Neospora caninum se ne smatra zoonotskim patogenom, iako postoje serološki
dokazi izloženosti parazitu (Robert-Gangneux i Klein, 2009).
Pobačaji kod goveda kao posledica infekcije sa Neospora caninum se najčešće dešavaju
u petom i šestom mesecu graviditeta, iako su mogući već od trećeg meseca. Kao
posledica infekcije dolazi do smrti fetusa in utero, a moguća je resorpcija, mumifikacija
i autoliza ploda, rađanje mrtvih, ili rađanje živih sa kliničkim simptomima ili pak
klinički zdravih, ali hronično inficiranih. Osnovnom i najpristupačnijom opcijom
dijagnostike smatra se indirektno dokazivanje neosporoze utvrđivanjem prisustva
specifičnih antitela u krvnom serumu ili mleku goveda (Ortega-Mora i sar., 2006).
ELISA testovi u dijagnostici neosporoze koji detektuju prvenstveno imunoglobuline G
klase (IgG) široko su u primeni. Sa druge strane, u cilju utvrđivanja akutne infekcije u
primeni su molekularne metode dijagnostike, odnosno detekcija DNK parazita u krvi
i ćelijama bele krvne loze, mleku i kolostrumu. Kod abortiranih fetusa vrši se detekcija
DNK parazita u mozgu, srcu i jetri, dok histološki nalaz, koji je u mozgu gotovo
patognomoničan, predstavlja adekvatnu dopunu u dijagnostici. Histološke lezije se
manifestuju kao encefalomijelitis sa multifokalnom nesupurativnom infiltracijom, sa
ili bez centralne nekroze, praćeno hiperplazijom vaskularnog endotela, a pored
encefalomijelitisa mogu se uočiti i miokarditis i periportalni hepatitis (Barr i sar.,
1990). U pobačenom plodu moguće je i potpuno odsustvo patoloških lezija, što uvek treba imati u vidu prilikom postavljanja sumnje na ovu infekciju. S obzirom da
trenutno nema terapijskog pristupa u lečenju neosporoze odraslih krava u praksi,
mere prevencije i kontrole predstavljaju primarnu strategiju. Razumevanje biologije,
epidemiologije i načina prenosa infekcije od suštinskog je značaja za razvoj efikasnih
mera, sa ciljem očuvanja reproduktivnog zdravlja i smanjenja ekonomskih gubitaka u
stočarskoj proizvodnji. Iako prva istraživanja o raširenosti i značaju neosporoze kod
goveda u Srbiji datiraju iz 2008. godine, zaraza još uvek nije dovoljno istražena u
poređenju sa drugim uzročnicima pobačaja, poput bruceloze, leptospiroze i dr.
(Savović, 2016; Klun, 2014), U poslednje vreme sve više se istražuje značaj ovog
oboljenja i u etiologiji pobačaja kod ovaca.
U ovom radu prikazani su rezultati seroloških ispitivanja u slučaju pobačaja goveda i
ovaca, sprovedenih u Naučnom institutu za veterinarstvo Srbije u periodu 2017–2025.
godine, sa ciljem procene raširenosti infekcije Neospora caninum i njenog značaja u
etiologiji pobačaja kod domaćih životinja
Zbornik radova 22. simpozijuma sa medunarodnim ucešcem "Zdravstvena zaštita, selekcija i reprodukcija svinja"
No full textDogs as reservoirs of Echinococcus spp. tapeworms and relevance for transmission to humans
No full textObjectives: Dogs are definitive hosts for Echinococcus spp. tapeworms. To assess therelevance of hunting and stray dogs as reservoirs of Echinococcus spp. eggs, which areinfective for humans, feces samples were collected from several locations in Serbia witha confirmed presence of Echinococcus spp. in other animals. None of the dogs receivedanticestodal treatment prior to feces collection.Materials and methods: Taeniid eggs were isolated using a combined flotation andmesh filtration technique. Total gDNA was extracted from the collected eggs andmultiplex nested PCR, based on detection of specific Cox1 sequences of E. multilocularis,E. granulosus and E. canadensis, was performed.Results: Thus far, n = 30 samples of hunting dog and n = 120 samples of stray dog feceswere collected. Echinococcus spp. eggs were not present in any of the hunting dogsamples. Further molecular screening for other cyclophillidean tapeworms revealed twopositive dogs.Conclusion: Despite the absence of regular anticestodal treatment and distinctpossibility of exposure to Echinococcus spp., none of the hunting dogs were sheddingtapeworm eggs. These preliminary findings suggst that hunting dogs may not be relevantreservoirs of Echinococcus spp. for human infection. Processing of additional samples isunderway.Book of abstract: 57th Days of Preventive Medicine, International Congress Contemporary Challenges in Public Health, 23-26. September 2025. Niš, Serbi
Lungworm in the domestic mountain horse and the Balkan donkey in the special nature reserve in Serbia
No full textThe domestic mountain horse and Balkan donkey are considered autochthonous species whose numbers are declining, so they are classified as endangered species. Both populations live in small herds in nature reserves Stara planina Nature Park (a mountainous region corresponding to the original habitat where this species was once bred); Zasavica Special Nature Reserve (a plain area at the mouth of the Zasavica in the Sava River), and Krčedinska ada (a marsh island on the Danube River near Novi Sad). Parasitic infections are a constant health problem in free-ranging animals. In our work, we present research on the presence of lung parasites in both populations of animals that are kept in free breeding in nature reserves. The research included 157 Domestic Mountain horses and 60 Balkan donkeys. For faecal examination we use modified Baermann's technique and detection of larvae was based on their morphological characteristics. During examinations of the domestic mountain horse which are autochthonous breed, kept in a semi-free system together with donkey at Star Planina Mountain infection with Dictyocaulus arnfieldi we established at 83, 33% horses and 59% donkeys. Despite the high degree of infection, the intensity of the infections was low, so that milder clinical symptoms were present in only a few cases. In Zasavica dictyocaulosis was established at 97% of horses and 100% at donkeys. At population breed in Krčedinska ada dictyocaulosis was established in all examined animals from both population (100%)
Performances of oxygenation devices on trout farms in Republic of Serbia, Republic of North Macedonia, and Bosnia and Herzegovina
No full textDissolved oxygen is universally recognized as the most decisive limiting factor
in intensive trout aquaculture, exerting profound effects not only on production efficiency
but also on fish welfare, physiological stability, immune competence, and the capacity to
resist disease. When oxygen levels fall below optimal thresholds, trout are exposed to
chronic stress, impaired metabolic processes, reduced feed intake, and a heightened
susceptibility to pathogens, all of which compromise both productivity and sustainability.
To counter these risks, water oxygenation—defined as the technological process of
enriching aquaculture water with pure oxygen—has become an indispensable intervention
for modern trout farming. In Republic of Serbia and Republic of North Macedonia,
oxygenation systems have been continuously applied for more than two decades, while in
Bosnia and Herzegovina their use has been established for over ten years, collectively
enabling production intensification, seasonal stability, and improved economic outcomes.
This study explores the diversity of oxygenation technologies currently employed, ranging
from diffuser systems and low‑head oxygenators to pressurized tanks and devices with
rotating mechanical components.
Particular emphasis is placed on their operational principles, efficiency parameters, and
exploitation characteristics, with attention to how these technologies are adapted to the
specific environmental conditions and management practices of rainbow trout farms in the
region.Rastvoreni kiseonik se univerzalno prepoznaje kao najznačajniji ograničavajući
faktor u intenzivnoj akvakulturi pastrmke, jer ima dubok uticaj ne samo na proizvodnu
efikasnost, već i na dobrobit riba, fiziološku stabilnost, imunološku kompetentnost i
sposobnost odolevanja bolestima. Kada nivo kiseonika padne ispod optimalnih vrednosti,
pastrmke su izložene hroničnom stresu, poremećajima metaboličkih procesa, smanjenom
unosu hrane i povećanoj osetljivosti na patogene, što sve zajedno negativno utiče na
produktivnost i održivost proizvodnje. U cilju ublažavanja ovih rizika, oksigenacija vode,
definisana kao tehnološki proces obogaćivanja vode čistim kiseonikom, postala je
nezamenjiva mera u savremenoj pastrmskoj akvakulturi. U Srbiji i Severnoj Makedoniji
sistemi za oksigenaciju se kontinuirano primenjuju više od dve decenije, dok su u Bosni i
Hercegovini u upotrebi duže od deset godina, čime su omogućeni intenziviranje
proizvodnje, sezonska stabilnost i poboljšani ekonomski rezultati. Ova studija razmatra
raznovrsnost tehnologija za oksigenaciju koje se trenutno koriste, uključujući difuzorske
sisteme, niskonaponske oksigenatore, rezervoare pod pritiskom i uređaje sa rotirajućim
mehaničkim komponentama. Poseban akcenat stavljen je na njihove principe rada,
parametre efikasnosti i eksploatacione karakteristike, uz razmatranje načina na koji su ove
tehnologije prilagođene specifičnim ekološkim uslovima i upravljačkim praksama na
ribnjacima sa kalifornijskom pastrmkom u regionu
Isolation and genetic characterisation of african swine fever virus in Serbia in the period 2019 - 2023
No full textOva studija predstavlja prvi sveobuhvatan izveštaj o molekularnim karakteristikama sojeva virusa afričke kuge svinja (AKS) u Srbiji u periodu od 2019. do 2023. godine. Od prvog izbijanja bolesti u julu 2019. godine, bolest je registrovana kod divljih i domaćih svinja što je dovelo do smanjenja broja svinja u Srbiji za više od 19,7 %. U ovoj studiji, izvršena je molekularna analiza 95 sojeva virusa afričke kuge svinja iz 12 upravnih okruga u kojima je potvrđena bolest. Sekvenciranje je obuhvatilo četiri genska markera: B646L, E183L, B602L, i intergensku regiju (IGR) između gena I73R-I329L. Pored toga, izvršeno je i sekvenciranje celog genoma pet sojeva uključujući one koji su izazvali pojavu bolesti 2019. godine. Na primarnim kulturama tkiva poreklom od alveolarnih makrofaga i leukocita svinja, izvršena je izolacija virusa i to na primarnim leukocitima je uspešnost izolacije iznosila 72,7 %, dok je na alveolarnim makrofagama svinja iznosila 91,3 %. Prostorno-vremenskom analizom pojave AKS kod divljih svinja u periodu od 2020. do 2023. godine otkrivenoje postojanje pet klastera, dva u periodu 2020-2021, jedan u 2022, i dva u 2023. godini. Svi analizirani sojevi virusa AKS iz perioda 2019-2023. pripadaju genotipu II. Na osnovu analize nukleotidnih sekvenci srpskih sojeva utvrđeno je postojanje više podgrupa, kao i dve linije na osnovu CVR B602L gena od kojih je jedna identična sa referentnim sojem iz Gruzije, a druga sa mutacijom T318A. Takođe, po prvi put u Srbiji je identifikovana dominantna IGR II, kao i IGR III linija. Sekvenciranjem celih genoma virusa AKS ustanovljene su značajne mutacije u genima NP1450L, ECO2, O174L, K145R, MGF, grupi gena ACD, kao i delecija u genu L60L. Svi izolovani virusi su pokazali efekat hemadsorpcije i klasifikovani su u istu serogrupu kao i referentni soj Georgia 2007/1. Retrospektivnom analizom utvrđeno je da su dva nezavisna izbijanja AKS u 2019. godini proistekla iz različitih izvora, što dodatno ukazuje na složenost situacije i potrebu za nastavkom istraživanja radi boljeg razumevanja i kontrole širenja bolesti.This study presents the first comprehensive report on the molecular characteristics of African Swine Fever Virus (ASFV) strains in Serbia during the period from 2019 to 2023. Since its first occurence in July 2019, the disease has been detected in both wild and domestic pigs, leading to a reduction of the pig population in Serbia by more than 19,7 %. The study involved molecular analysis of 95 positive samples collected from 12 infected administrative districts. Sequencing covered four genetic markers: B646L, E183L, B602L, and the intergenic region (IGR) between the I73R and I329L genes. Additionally, whole-genome sequencing of five strains, including those responsible for the outbreak in 2019, was conducted. Virus isolation was performed on primary tissue cultures originating from alveolar macrophages and leukocytes of pigs, with successful isolation with 71.7 % on primary leukocytes and 92.3 % on primary alveolar macrophages assessed based on the hemadsorption effect. Spatial-temporal analysis of ASFV in wild pigs during the research period from 2020 to 2023 revealed the existence of five clusters, with two in the period 2020-2021, one in 2022, and two in 2023. All analyzed ASFV strains from the period 2019-2023 belong to genotype II. Nucleotide sequence analysis of Serbian strains revealed the existence of multiple subgroups, including two lines of the CVR B602L gene, one identical to the reference strain from Georgia, and another with the T318A mutation. The dominant IGR II line and the IGR III line, identified for the first time in Serbia, were also observed. Whole-genome sequencing of ASFV identified significant mutations in the NP1450L, ECO2, O174L, K145R, MGF, ACD gene group, as well as a deletion in the L60L gene, in addition to 10 insignificant mutations. All isolates demonstrated the hemadsorption effect and were classified in the same serogroup as the reference strain Georgia 2007/1. Retrospective analysis confirmed that two independent ASF outbreaks in 2019 originated from different sources, highlighting the complexity of the situation and the need for continued research to better understand and control the spread of the disease
The golden jackal (Canis aureus) as a reservoir and vector for Echinococcus spp.
No full textШакал (Canis aureus) је стални, а изузетно и прелазни домаћин паразита из рода
Echinococcus. Са једном од највећих популација шакала у Европи, Србија представља
кључну регију за разумевање еколошког значаја шакала у одржавању и ширењу
Echinococcus spp. Ради анализе присуства Echinococcus spp. код шакала, прикупљан је
гастроинтестинални тракт легално одстрељених животиња (n=101) из различитих подручја
Србије. Црева су пре прегледа била замрзнута неколико недеља, ради инактивације јаја
Echinococcus spp. Измет је прикупљен из задњег дела црева и ради издвајања јаја
пантљичара обрађен је методом флотације са цинк-хлоридом (ZnCl₂) и секвенцијалном
филтрацијом кроз мрежице. Екстрахована је укупна ДНК (дезоксирибонуклеинска
киселина), а затим је спроведена анализа мултиплекс PCR (реакција ланчане полимеразе)
ради детекције Echinococcus multilocularis, Echinococcus granulosus и Echinococcus
canadensis. Присуство Echinococcus spp. утврђено је код 7,9% анализираних шакала,
Echinococcus multilocularis је детектован код седам јединки, а Echinococcus canadensis код
једне. Четири заражене животиње потицале су из источне Србије, што указује на то да би
ово подручје могло представљати потенцијално жариште и што би захтевало његов даљи
надзор. Ипак, оно што посебно забрињава у контексту јавног здравља јесте да су две од
шест животиња из предграђа Ниша, трећег највећег града у Србији, биле позитивне на
Echinococcus multilocularis. Резултати овог истраживања наглашавају улогу шакала као
значајних резервоара и вектора пантљичара из рода Echinococcus у животној средини. С
обзиром на добијене резултате и чињеницу да шакали све више насељавају урбана подручја, ризик од преноса ових паразита на људе је висок
Worm_profiler: the Echinococcus spp. database for Serbia
No full textObjectives: Echinococcus spp. tapeworms are endemic in Serbia. Reporting of human
and animal cases is mandatory, but the records are maintained in separate databases.
Records on widlife echinococcosis are scarce. To facilitate the development of
systematic monitoring of Echinococcus spp. transmission and strategies for targeted
control, a unified database of all confirmed cases is necessary.
Materials and methods: GPS data was used to map the origin of the tapeworm host by
Geographic Information System (GIS) software. Multiplex PCR has been used for the
detection and speciation of the tapeworm (Cox1 and/or Nad1 gene).
Results: Thus far, n = 170 samples of individual animals, representing two definitive host
species and three intermediate, were screened for the presence of the tapeworm. Eleven
samples were positive. The database displays a map of confirmed cases, the host species,
tapeworm species and haplogroup. Entry of the Cox1 sequences is pending. A serch
function for all parameters has been enabled, a data retrieval function is pending.
Conclusion: The Worm_Profiler database will facilitate a One Health approach to
echinoccosis in Serbia, by providing a platform for accessing information on confirmed
animal cases, focusing particularly on wildlife, to the scientific community, veterinarians,
physicians and the general public
Detection of Echinococcus multilocularis in animals in Serbia
No full textObjectives: Alveolar echinococcosis (AE) caused by the fox tapeworm Echinococcus
multilocularis is an emerging disease in Serbia, with two confirmed cases in humans. One
objective of the Worm_Profiler project is the detection and mapping of the occurrence
of E. multilocularis in different animal species in order to gain a better understanding of
the distribution and major reservoirs.
Materials and methods: Adult worms were collected from the intestines of golden
jackals (Canis aureus) while Taeniid eggs were collected from jackal feces using a flotation
and mesh filtration technique. Tissue and cyst fluid, if present, were collected from
condemned livers of various livestock. The Echinococcus tapeworm species was
identified using a multiplex PCR for E. multilocularis, E. granulosus and E. canadensis.
Results: E. multilocularis was detected in 6,9 % of golden jackals (7/101) and one pig
liver (1/31). In terms of geographical distribution, E. multilocularis was detected near
Belgrade (Ub and Donji Tovarnik), Čajetina, Svilajnac (Grabovac), Požarevac (Ljubinje)
and Niš (Vinik).
Conclusion: In Serbia, golden jackals are major reservoirs of E. multilocularis and their
presence near towns and major cities should be regarded as a concern to public health
Enterobacteriaceae in the Food Chain — Modern Strategies for Detection and Control
No full textMembers of the Enterobacteriaceae family, such as Escherichia coli, Salmonella spp.,Shigella spp., and Yersinia spp., are significant contributors to foodborne diseases worldwide. This paper presents a comprehensive overview of their transmission through the food
chain, resistance profiles, and modern strategies for detection and control. Particular emphasis is placed on advanced diagnostic approaches, including PCR-based techniques, isothermal amplification, and nanotechnology-driven methods. Control interventions ranging from
physical decontamination (e.g., irradiation, pulsed light) to the use of natural antimicrobials
such as bacteriophages and algal compounds are also discussed. The review underlines the
necessity of integrated approaches in reducing the prevalence of foodborne pathogens and
improving public health outcomes.The paper was presented at the 63rd International Meat Industry Conference “Food for Thought: Innovations in Food and Nutrition” ‒ Zlatibor, October 05th-08th 2025