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Isolation and characterization of Lactobacilli isolates from canine (Canis familiaris) milk
No full textThe fi rst food in neonatal puppies is milk. Along other functions as nutritive and
purgative, colostrum serves as the induction route for the enteral microbiome. As one
of the two most abundant bacteria groups in the colostrum, the lactic acid bacteria are a
signifi cant factor due to their attributed functional properties in the digestive system of
neonates. Dog lactational microbiome has not been studied in detail and therefore the
aim of this work was to isolate, characterize lactobacilli bacteria from canine milk and
estimate their antibacterial properties and ability for survival at different temperatures.
Four lactic acid bacteria isolates were identifi ed by MALDI TOF and confi rmed by 16s
sequencing. All four successfully unambiguously identifi ed isolates showed survival at
both storage regimes with the best growth at 37 °C in bile salt supplemented medium.
The growth of S. aureus was impaired by three of four isolates and E. coli by two. The
obtained results provide a promising base for further probiotic analysis of isolates in
both puppies and lactating female dogs.Prva hrana za štenad je mleko. Pored ostalih funkcija kao što su hranljiva i purgativna,
kolostrum služi za indukciju enteralnog mikrobioma. Kao jedna od dve najzastupljenije
grupe bakterija u kolostrumu, bakterije mlečne kiseline predstavljaju značajan faktor
zbog funkcionalnih osobina u digestivnom sistemu novorođenih. Laktacioni mikrobiom
pasa predstavlja nedovoljno istraženu temu i stoga je cilj ovog rada bio da se
izoluju, karakterišu bakterije laktobacila iz mleka kuja i proceni njihova antibakterijska
osobine i sposobnost preživljavanja pri različitim temperaturama. Izolovana su četiri
izolata bakterija mlečne kiseline, identifi kovana pomoć u MALDI TOF i potvrđena
16s sekvenciranjem. Sva četiri identifi kovana izolata su preživljavala pri temperaturama
inkubacije sa najboljim rastom pri 37 °C u podlozi sa dodatkom žučnih soli. Na rast S.
aureus su uticala tri od četiri izolata, a na E. coli dva. Dobijeni rezultati daju obeć avajuć u
osnovu za dalja ispitivanja probiotičkih osobina izolata kod štenadi i kod ženki pasa u
laktaciji
Parasitic contamination of small parks in the central municipalities of Belgrade and measures for their control
No full textMali parkovi integrisani u urbane celine čine najveć i broj parkovnih celina u
gradovima. Ti parkovi su glavno mesto gde se deca igraju i odmorišta gradskih ljudi
i mesta gde vlasnici pasa šetaju svoje ljubimce. Prilikom istraživanja parazitske
kontaminacije parkova, akcenat je stavljen najviše na centralne parkove i zelene
površine u gradu, zanemarujuć i ove male zelene oaze. Ovde predstavljamo rezultate
kontaminacije 19 malih parkova u centralnim gradskim opštinama u periodu
2021-2023. Kontaminacija parazitima je otkrivena na 65,08% uzoraka zemljišta.
Ancilostomidae spp. pronađeni su u 51,44% uzoraka zemljišta, Toxocara canis na
36,88%, Dipillidium caninum na 29,67%, Toxascaris leonina na 11,23%, Strongiloides
stercoralis na 2,37%, helminti tipa Taenia na 1,71%. i Trichuris vulpis na
1,19%. Ako se uporede rezultati istraživanja sa nalazima kontaminacije velikih
parkovskih površina, vidi se da su one znatno kontaminirane. U centralnim gradskim
parkovima ova kontaminacija je iznosila 44,08% u poređenju sa 65,08% u
malim parkovima.Small parks integrated into urban units make up the largest number of park
units in cities. Those parks are the main place where children play and are resting
places for city people and places where dog owners walk its pets. During the investigation
of parasitic contamination of parks, the emphasis was mostly placed on
central parks and green areas in the city, neglecting these small green oases. Here we present the results of the contamination of 19 small parks in the central city municipalities in the period 2021-2023. Parasites contamination were detected
at 65.08% soil samples. Ancylostomidaespp. were found at 51.44% soil samples,
Toxocaracanisat 36.88%, Dipyllidiumcaninum at 29.67%, Toxascarisleoninaat
11.23%, Strongyloidesstercoralis at 2.37%, Taenia-type helminths at 1.71% and
Trichurisvulpisat 1.19%. If we compare the results of the research with the findings
of contamination of large park areas, it can be seen that these are significantly
more contaminated. In central city parks, this contamination amounted to
44.08% compared to 65.08% in small parks.Zbornik radov
Parasites of honey bees and brood that can threaten bee health and the production of honey and bee products in Europe
No full textNajznačajniji paraziti pčela i pčelinjeg legla koji mogu da ugroze zdravstveno stanje i
proizvodnju meda i pčelinjih proizvoda u Evropi su uzročnici tropileloze, varooze i
etinoze. Posebnu pažnju privlači promena epidemiološke situacije tokom 2024.
godine, odnosno pojava uzročnika tropileloze. Rod Tropilaelaps sp. (naročito vrste T.
mercedesae i T. clareae) predstavljaju ektoparazite medonosne pčele (Apis mellifera),
sa poreklom u južnoj i jugoistočnoj Aziji. Istorijski posmatrano, Evropa je dugo
smatrana slobodnom od ovih parazita, dok je pažnja bila usmerena na Varroa
destructor. Međutim, u poslednjoj deceniji zabeleženo je širenje areala Tropilaelaps
spp. ka Crnomorskom basenu i evropskom delu Rusije, što je podstaklo pojačan
epizootiološki nadzor i procene rizika za Evropsku uniju (EU). Najraniji potvrđeni
nalazi u Evropi vezani su za Tropilaelaps mercedesae u Krasnodarskom i Rostovskom
regionu Ruske Federacije, gde su populacije dokumentovane najmanje od 2021.
godine, što predstavlja najbližu potvrđenu žarišnu zonu uz granicu sa državama EU i
istočne Evrope (www.anses.fr). Na Krimu, u periodu 2021–2023. godine, Evropska
referentna laboratorija za bolesti pčela navodi „sumnjivu“ prisutnost Tropilaelaps
spp., bez zvaničnog WOAH prijavljivanja ili recenziranih publikacija, dok su slični
nepotvrđeni izveštaji zabeleženi i za Belorusiju, gde se ovaj parazit smatra rizičnim ali
još nepotvrđenim (sitesv2.anses.fr). U Gruziji, u regionu Megrelija–Gornja Svaneti je
dokumentovana detekcija T. mercedesae od 2023. godine sa zvaničnom potvrdom
2024. godine, što u epidemiološkom smislu predstavlja kontinuitet sa evropskim
delom Rusije i povećava pritisak na istočne granice evropskog pčelarstva
(www.anses.fr). Sa druge strane, nijedna država članica Evropske unije do 2025.
godine nije prijavila prisustvo Tropilaelaps spp., te se EU i dalje smatra slobodnom od
ovih parazita, iako nacionalne i evropske institucije zadržavaju pojačan nadzor zbog
blizine potvrđenih žarišta (apiculture.com; AGES; National Bee Unit). Tropilaelaps spp.
(kao i T. mercedesae) je ektoparazit koji se razvija unutar zatvorenog legla, gde
infestira larve i lutke medonosnih pčela, hraneći se njihovim hemolimfom. Ženke se
nakon izleženja brzo kreću ka novom leglu, što omogućava brz i intenzivan razvoj
parazita unutar kolonije. Infestacija dovodi do deformiteta, oslabljenog razvoja legla i
mogućeg kolapsa zajednice. Aethina tumida je mala buba košnice čije se larve hrane
medom, polenom i pčelinjim leglom, što dovodi do oštećenja saća, fermentacije meda
i ugrožavanja cele kolonije. Odrasle jedinke polažu jaja unutar košnice, a larve nakon
razvoja napuštaju košnicu radi presvlačenja u zemljištu. Iako ne parazitira direktno
na pčelama, A. tumida izaziva sekundarne posledice i može dovesti do kolapsa
kolonija. Pojava A. tumida prvi put je zvanično potvrđena 5. septembra 2014. godine
u regionu Kalabrije u Italiji — u jednom pčelinjaku u blizini luke. Takođe je potvrđeno
prisustvo ovog parazita u Siciliji krajem 2014. godine (Chauzat i sar., 2017). U
italijanskom regionu Kalabrije, A. tumida je ostala endemična, dok su se epizode
pojave u Siciliji regulisale i eradikacijom stavljene pod kontrolu (Cepero i sar., 2014).
Pored Italije, u julu 2022. godine A. tumida je detektovana i na ostrvu Reunion
(francuski teritorijal), pri čemu je zaraženi pčelinjak utvrđen u južnom delu ostrva.
Evropska referentna laboratorija za bolesti pčela je 2015. godine izradila smernice za
nadzor A. tumida u državama članicama, ukazujući da se pojava u Kalabriji i Siciliji drži
pod kontrolom, i opisujući prakse brze eradikacije i uništavanje zaraženih društava
kako bi se sprečilo širenje. Varroa destructor -pčelinji krpelj je ektoparazit pčela koji
se hrani hemolimfom larvi, lutka i odraslih jedinki. Razmnožava se u zatvorenom leglu,
a odrasle ženke preživljavaju na pčelama, što omogućava prenos parazita među
kolonijama i pčelinjacima. Ova vrsta je široko rasprostranjena u Evropi i predstavlja
jedan od glavnih uzroka slabljenja i gubitaka pčelinjih zajednica usled pravljenja
ulaznih vrata infekcije za mnoge viruse pčela. U cilju sprečavanja pojave i širenja
uzročnika bolesti pčela i pčelinjeg legla parazitske etiologije, potrebno je pojačati
epidemiološki nadzor i sprovesti blagovremene mere kontrole i u Republici Srbiji,
posebno u vezi sa širenjem Tropilaelaps spp.The most significant parasites of honey bees and bee brood that may threaten colony
health and honey production in Europe are the causative agents of tropilaelaps
infestation, varroosis, and aethinosis. Special attention has been drawn to the change
in the epidemiological situation during 2024, namely the emergence of tropilaelaps
infestation. The genus Tropilaelaps spp. (particularly T. mercedesae and T. clareae) are
ectoparasites of the honey bee (Apis mellifera), originating from South and Southeast
Asia. Historically, Europe was long considered free of these parasites, while most of
the attention was directed toward Varroa destructor. However, in the past decade, the
range of Tropilaelaps spp. has expanded towards the Black Sea basin and the European
part of Russia, prompting enhanced epizootiological surveillance and risk assessment
for the European Union (EU). The earliest confirmed findings in Europe are linked to
Tropilaelaps mercedesae in the Krasnodar and Rostov regions of the Russian
Federation, where populations have been documented at least since 2021,
representing the closest confirmed hotspot to the borders of EU member states and
Eastern Europe (www.anses.fr). In Crimea, during the period 2021–2023, the
European Reference Laboratory for Bee Diseases reported a “suspected” presence of
Tropilaelaps spp., without official WOAH notification or peer-reviewed publications,
while similar unconfirmed reports were noted in Belarus, where this parasite is
considered a risk but not yet confirmed (www.anses.fr). In Georgia, in the Samegrelo–
Upper Svaneti region, T. mercedesae was detected in 2023 with official confirmation
in 2024, which epidemiologically connects this area to the European part of Russia
and increases the pressure on the eastern borders of European beekeeping
(sitesv2.anses.fr). On the other hand, no EU member state has reported the presence
of Tropilaelaps spp. up to 2025, and the EU is still considered free of these parasites,
although national and European institutions maintain enhanced surveillance due to
the proximity of confirmed foci (apiculture.com; AGES; National Bee Unit).
Tropilaelaps spp. (T. mercedesae) are ectoparasites developing inside sealed brood
cells, where they infest honey bee larvae and pupae, feeding on their hemolymph.
After emerging, females quickly move to new brood cells, enabling rapid and intensive
parasite proliferation within the colony. Infestation leads to deformities, weakened
brood development, and potential colony collapse. Aethina tumida (small hive beetle,
SHB) is a beetle whose larvae feed on honey, pollen, and bee brood, causing comb
destruction, honey fermentation, and endangering the entire colony. Adult females lay eggs inside the hive, and larvae, after completing development, leave the hive to
pupate in the soil. Although not a direct parasite of bees, A. tumida causes severe
secondary damage and can lead to colony collapse. The occurrence of A. tumida was
first officially confirmed on September 5, 2014, in the Calabria region of Italy — in a
single apiary near a seaport. Later the same year, the parasite was also confirmed in
Sicily (Chauzat et al., 2017). In Calabria, A. tumida became endemic, whereas in Sicily
outbreaks were brought under control through eradication measures (Cepero et al.,
2014). Additionally, in July 2022, A. tumida was detected on Réunion Island (French
overseas territory), in an apiary located in the southern part of the island. The
European Reference Laboratory for Bee Diseases issued guidelines in 2015 for SHB
surveillance in EU member states, noting that outbreaks in Calabria and Sicily were
under control, and describing eradication protocols and colony destruction practices
to prevent further spread. Varroa destructor is an ectoparasite of honey bees that feeds
on the hemolymph of larvae, pupae, and adult bees. It reproduces in sealed brood cells,
and adult females survive on bees, facilitating parasite transmission between colonies
and apiaries. This species is widespread across Europe and represents one of the main
causes of colony weakening and losses, as it provides entry points for numerous honey
bee viruses. In order to prevent the occurrence and spread of parasitic bee and brood
diseases, it is necessary to strengthen epidemiological surveillance and implement
timely control measures in the Republic of Serbia, particularly in relation to the spread
of Tropilaelaps spp
Bathing of sows as a preventive measure of exudative epidermitis of pigs
No full textDue to the desire to produce as many piglets as possible, the presence of numerous pathological conditions in piglets in the
first days of life often leads to death and costs due to therapy.
This paper describes a case of exudative epidermitis (EE) in 56 piglets originating from five gilts that were purchased from a
large commercial farm. Clinical symptoms in piglets appear in the first 7 days of life.
Clinical symptoms in piglets appear in the first 7 days of life. The disease was manifested by the appearance of brown
deposits, one to two centimetres in diameter, covered with serum and exudate. T
The therapy of (EE) is based on the application of beta-lactam antibiotics that prevent further losses due to the presence of
the disease. A contribution to this is that the disease is more common in new herds or when many gilts are introduced into
an already established herd.
Prevention of EE can be achieved by adequate preparation of sows before farrowing, standards of sanitary conditions
for pregnant sows, especially in housing, and washing of sows before entering the farrowing. After the therapy of the
piglets with the improvement of hygiene measures, especially the washing of the sow immediately before entering the
farrowing pen, no occurrence of exudative epidermatitis was recorded. With the improvement of hygienic conditions in the
farrowing house, with better ventilation, cleaner and drier pens, controlled humidity and reduced stocking density. Also, as
a prophylactic measure, vaccination with autogenous St. hyicus bacteria can be carried out on farms with the mentioned
problems. Control of the health condition of sows, with the application of biosafety and hygiene measures, are key factors
in preventing various pathological conditions in newborn piglets.Oral & poster communication
Health protection of pigs in farm breeding
No full textCilj intenzivne proizvodnje svinja na komercijalnim farmama je proizvesti što veći broj
odbijene prasadi odnosno tovljenika po krmači godišnje. Za postizanje ovog cilja neophodno je
uspostaviti visoku reproduktivnu efikasnost priplodnih životinja. To se može postići adekvatnom
zdravstvenom zaštitom, savremenom tehnologijom i dobrom organizacijom proizvodnje uz
primenu odgovarajućih postupaka u tehnologiji veštačkog osemenjavanja. Nastoji se u današnjoj
proizvodnji na farmama svinja da se fenomen stresa svede na najnižu moguću meru. Zdravstveni
status zapata zavisi od velikog broja činilaca , kao što su su tehnologija držanja, nege, ishrane,
organizacija, stepen obučenosti kadrova kao i sistematsko sprovođenje mera zdravstvene zaštite.
Danas smo svedoci da veliki broj oboljenja bakterijske, virusne etiologije kao i pojedine
parazitoze mogu ozbiljno ugroziti proizvodnju svinja u intenzivnom uzgoju. Ove bolesti moguće
je primenom profilaktičkih i terapeutskih mera, kao i pojačanim nadzorom stručnih službi držati
pod kontrolom. Kontrola zdravlja primenom programa zdravstvene zaštite, kroz preventivne i
kurativne mere i protokole eksterne i interne biozaštite predstavljaju imperativ u proizvodnji.Intensive pig production on commercial farms aims to produce the largest possible number of
weaned piglets or fattening pigs per sow per year. To achieve this goal, it is necessary to establish a
high reproductive efficiency of breeding animals. This can be achieved through adequate healthcare,
modern technology, and effective organization of production by applying appropriate procedures in
artificial insemination technology. In today's production on pig farms, efforts are made to reduce stress to the lowest possible level. The health status of a herd depends on a large number of factors,
including the technology of holding, care, nutrition, organization, the level of training of personnel,
as well as the systematic implementation of health protection measures. Today, we are witnessing
that many diseases of bacterial and viral etiology, as well as some parasitic infections, can seriously
threaten pig production in intensive breeding. These diseases can be kept under control by applying
prophylactic and therapeutic measures, as well as by increased supervision of professional services.
Health control through the application of healthcare programs, preventive and curative measures,
and external and internal protection protocols is imperative in production.Zbornik radov
Editorial: Sentinels of health: advancements in monitoring and surveillance of vector-borne diseases in domestic and wild animals and vectors
No full textEffect of different amounts of live yeast cells (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) in feed on the economic efficiency of broiler fattening
No full textThis study was conducted to assess the impact of supplementing broiler feed with two
different concentrations (0.25 g/kg and 0.65 g/kg) of live yeast (Saccharomyces
cerevisiae) over a 42-day fattening period on the economic efficiency of broiler
production. The data collected for body weight (BW), survival rate (SR), average daily
gain (ADG), and feed conversion ratio (FCR) were utilized to calculate the European
Production Efficiency Factor (EPEF) and the European Broiler Index (EBI) for the entire
rearing period. Broilers in the group receiving 0.25 g/kg of yeast (E-I group) exhibited
statistically significantly higher (p<0.05) EPEF and EBI values compared to both the
control group (C) and the group receiving 0.65 g/kg of yeast (E-II group), primarily due to
improved production performance. Specifically, in the E-I group, the average values for
BW, ADG and FCR were 2.611±0.247 kg, 61.14±5.00 g/day and 1.71±0.017,
respectively. In the E-II group, these parameters were 2.548±0.270 kg, 59.64±4.80 g/day
and 1.73±0.012, whereas the control group showed values of 2.499±0.386 kg,
58.50±4.14 g/day and 1.76±0.013. The survival rate (SR) was 100% across all groups.
The calculated EPEF for the E-I group (363.41±25.45) was significantly higher (p<0.05)
than that of both the E-II group (350.67±27.24) and the control group (338.07±26.58).
Moreover, the EPEF of the E-II group was also significantly higher (p<0.05) compared to
the control. A similar trend was observed in the EBI values: the E-I group achieved the
highest value (357.54±25.25), followed by the E-II group (344.91±26.01) and the control
group (332.39±25.91), with all differences being statistically significant (p<0.05). These
findings suggest a dose-dependent effect of yeast supplementation, whereby the lower
dose (0.25 g/kg) yields the most beneficial outcomes, likely through improved gut health
and enhanced nutrient absorption. Conversely, the higher dose (0.65 g/kg) does not
confer additional benefits and may even be counterproductive.Predavanj
Od mikroskopa do genoma i dalje: savremeni pravci u dijagnostici i istraživanju parazita
No full textParazitologija je multidisciplinarna naučna oblast biologije i medicine koja se bavi proučavanjem parazita, njihovih domaćina i međusobnih interakcija. Ona obuhvata istraživanje morfologije, taksonomije, biologije i ekologije parazita, mehanizama patogenosti i adaptacije na domaćina. Poreg toga, parazitologija se bavi epidemiologijom, dijagnostikom, terapijom i merama kontrole parazitskih bolesti koje pogađaju ljude, životinje i biljke. Tokom svog razvoja, parazitologija je prošla dug put — od jednostavnog makroskopskog i mikroskopskog posmatranja prvih zabeleženih parazita, do savremenih genomskih, transkriptomskih i proteomskih analiza koje danas omogućavaju dublje razumevanje biologije i evolucije ovih organizama. Savremeni izazovi u parazitologiji su brojni i u tesnoj vezi sa globalizacijom, klimatskim promenama i intenzivnom ljudskom aktivnošću. Sve veća interakcija ljudi sa životinjama i životnom sredinom često narušava prirodnu ravnotežu, stvarajući uslove za pojavu i širenje parazitskih vrsta i bolesti. Pravovremena detekcija parazita, razumevanje njihovih životnih ciklusa i otkrivanje mehanizama patogenosti ne bi bili mogući bez stalnih inovacija u oblasti dijagnostike i istraživanja. Danas, istraživanja u ovoj dinamičnoj i perspektivnoj naučnoj oblasti koriste dostignuća modernih tehnologija kao što su molekularna dijagnostika, sekvenciranje genoma nove generacije (NGS), metagenomika, proteomika i bioinformatika, kao i stalni razvoj veštačke inteligencije i mašinskog učenja
Endemic Circulation of Cluster 19 African Swine Fever Virus in Serbia and Bosnia and Herzegovina
No full textAfrican swine fever (ASF) is a highly fatal viral disease of domestic pigs and wild boar that continues to threaten pig production across Europe. Genotype II African swine fever virus (ASFV) has been present in Serbia since 2019 and was first confirmed in Bosnia and Herzegovina in 2023, yet recent genetic data from the region have been lacking. This study aimed to update the genetic characterization of ASFV strains circulating in Serbia between 2023 and 2025 and to provide the first sequence data from Bosnia and Herzegovina. A total of 110 isolates were analyzed by partial sequencing of seven genomic regions recommended by the European Union Reference Laboratory. Good‑quality sequences were obtained for at least two loci per isolate. All isolates belonged to genotype II and were classified as CVR variant I, IGR‑II, O174L‑I, MGF I, K145R‑I, and ECO2‑II, corresponding to cluster 19. No novel genetic changes were identified in the sequenced fragments. These findings indicate the stable, endemic circulation of cluster 19 in both domestic pigs and wild boar, maintained through ecological and human‑mediated transmission at the wildlife–livestock interface. The detection of cluster 19 in Bosnia and Herzegovina underscores transboundary spread and highlights the need for continued molecular surveillance and regional cooperation
Chilled brood disease of bees
No full textChilled broad occurs on the bees broad if it is not heated enough or is suddenly exposed to cold. It occurs most often in
the spring when it suddenly gets cold and the bees are forced to huddle again in a ball to maintain the required
temperature. The brood that is located more towards the periphery of the comb therefore remains uncovered and exposed
to the effects of low temperatures. In those areas, the bees do not feed the larvae because they cannot leave the hive.
Therefore, the larvae die in those places due to lack of warmth and food. In such cases, we find a very characteristic
picture. In the middle of the comb, where the bee ball was, we find normal healthy brood, and on the peripheral parts of
the comb the brood has died. Such phenomena in the bee community also occur when a large number of bees suddenly
die, so the remaining bees cannot sufficiently warm and feed the larvae. In such cases, the changes in the broad are very
different; this depends on the strength of the influence of harmful factors. The changes in the dead larvae are not
particularly characteristic