REPONIVS - Repository of Scientific Institute for Veterinary Medicine of Serbia
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Uticaj dužine skladištenja na masnokiselinski profil mesa divlje svinje
No full textMeso divlje svinje se zbog svog niskog sadržaja ukupne masti i holesterola, ali i
poželjnog odnosa zasićenih i nezasićenih masnih kiselina smatra namirnicom poželjne
nutritivne vrednosti. Cilj ovog istraživanja bio je da se utvrdi promena hemijskog i
masnokiselinskog profila mesa divlje svinje, tokom perioda čuvanja od 6 meseci pri
temperaturi od -18°C. Isptivanja su vršena od 0-og do 180-og dana, na svakih 30 dana
u jednakim vremenskim intervalima. AOAC (2021) je korišćen za utvrđivanje sadržaja
vlage, masti, proteina i pepela u mesu, kao i suve materije u mesnom soku otpuštenom
pri odmrzavanju. Determinacija masnih kiselina izvršena je na gasnom hromatografu
(GC6890N, Agilent Tech., USA). Sadržaj sirovih proteina, nije se značajno menjao (od
22,3% do 18,97%), kao ni ukupan sadržaj intramuskularne masti. Smatra se da je
idealan sadržaj ukupne masti svežeg mesa između 2 i 3%, koji je u ovde ispitivanim
uzorcima bio niži (~1,8%). Usled zahteva potrošača za “nemasnim” mesom ova
karaktersitika se može oceniti kao poželjna, najre po pitanju uticaja na zdravlje ljudi,
čija procena je zasnovana je na sadržaju pojedinačnih masnih kiselina. U ispitivanim
uzorcima ukupne zasićene i hiperholesterolemične masne kiseline rastu tokom
perioda skladištenja, dok sadržaj nezasićenih masnih kislina i hipoholesterolemičnih
opada. Najveći porast koncentracije, zabeležen je kod stearinske kiseline (P<0.05),
koja se smatra neutralnom, ali i miristinske kiseline, kojoj se pripisuje najveći
potencijalni štetni efekat na kardiovaskularni sistem, usled porasta nivoa holesterola
u krvnoj plazmi. Najzastupljenija od svih utvrđenih masnih kiselina bila oleinska
kisleina (41,8% i 38,3%, 0-og i 180-og dana istim redom), čija koncentracija opada
tokom perioda čuvanja (P<0.05). Promene zastupljenosti pojedinačnih masnih
kiselina i njihovih grupa mogu ukazivati na smanjenje nutritivne vrednosti proizvoda
sa dužinom čuvanja, ali se one ne mogu smatrati znatnim sa aspekta lipidnog statusa
mesa
Care of piglets and management of viral diseases of the digestive organs
No full textIn contemporary industrial pig production, there is a tendency to disregard the animals'biological needs, which has deleterious consequences for their health and significantly impactsproduction efficiency. The health of suckling piglets is a prerequisite for profitable pig productionand is contingent on the conditions of their keeping, care, nutrition, and health control. The control ofdiseases of infectious etiology on farms can be achieved through the implementation of prophylacticand therapeutic measures, in addition to heightened oversight of professional services. Viral diseasesof the digestive organs represent a constant threat to pig production. It is a fact that one of the mostprevalent health concerns is the incidence of diarrhea. Diarrhea has been identified as a significanteconomic and health concern within pig populations. In the majority of cases, therapy is symptomaticand frequently yields unsatisfactory outcomes. Vaccination is not a viable option in most cases, andprevention and disease control are limited to implementing animal hygiene measures. Following theimplementation of standard animal hygiene measures on farms, the subsequent step is to introduceinternal and external biosecurity measures. This involves the monitoring of biosecurity indicators. Inthe context of our research project, we undertook the monitoring of diseases affecting the digestiveorgans of pigs from controlled farms. The objective of the present study was to provide acomprehensive overview of diseases of the digestive organs of viral etiology
Toxoplasma gondii infection in the golden jackal (Canis aureus)
No full textSerbia hosts one of the largest resident populations of golden jackals (Canis aureus) in Europe. This species is known for its adaptability to different habitats, opportunistic feeding behaviour and flexible social organisation, which contribute to its role as a host for a wide range of parasite species. Given its distribution across the entire country, the jackal serves as an excellent sentinel for Toxoplasma gondii in various environments. To explore this potential and the distribution of the parasite, total DNA was extracted from the heart apex of legally hunted jackals, collected during 2023 and 2024. Heart samples from 75 jackals were analysed, of which 36 individuals came from the wider Belgrade (capital) area. Real-time PCR was performed to detect the parasite targeting the 529 bp repetitive element in the T. gondii genome. Overall, 40% of the animals (n=30) examined were found to be infected with T. gondii. Notably, infection prevalence was higher in jackals from the Belgrade area (44.4%) compared to those from other areas (35.9%). These findings suggest greater environmental exposure to the parasite in urban and peri-urban settings, raising potential public health concerns. Ongoing work includes expanding the sample size to cover different habitats within the jackal distribution in Serbia and the processing of archived samples. Genotyping of T. gondii isolates using microsatellite markers will be conducted on positive samples to further investigate the genetic diversity of this parasite among
jackals in Serbia
Analysis of multiple pesticide residues in honey using GC/MS and risk assessment for consumers
No full textThe QuEChERS method was used to analyze 36 samples of polyfloral honey, acacia honey and linden
honey. The honey samples tested were produced in the Republic of Serbia. The samples were
homogenized, then extracted and purified using EN 15662:2018. The analysis of 157 pesticide residues
in a single chromatographic run was validated for each analyte by establishing the analytical parameters
in accordance with the standards outlined in the SANTE 11312/2021 guideline in order to increase the
effectiveness of analytical procedures
New insights on the distribution of Setaria tundra: a case report from Bosnia and Herzegovina and genetic variation of the cox1 gene
No full textFilaroid nematode Setaria tundra is a parasite well adapted to cervids, especially to
roe deer (Capreolus capreolus). Adult forms are located in the abdominal cavity, and
infections are usually asymptomatic. During 2024, a total od 31 carcasses of roe deer
were examined in the Republic of Srpska (Bosnia and Herzegovina). During gross
pathologic examination nematodes were found in two cases and were identified as S.
tundra by morphological and molecular analysis. In the Balkan region, this nematode has
previously been described in Croatia and Serbia. This study represents the first report
of S. tundra in Bosnia and Herzegovina. Genetic diversity parameters and neutrality tests
of 50 cox1 sequences belonging to S. tundra from Europe indicate a genetic signature
consistent with recent population expansion
Identification, Characterization, and Epidemiological Analysis of Lactococcus garvieae Fish Isolates Obtained in a Period of Eighteen Years
No full textLactococcosis caused by Lactococcus garvieae is a bacterial infection affecting fish
with a considerable economic impact. Recently, L. garvieae has established itself as an
opportunistic pathogen in humans. The aim of the current study was to test classical and
molecular-biological methods for the identification of L. garvieae and examine antimicrobial
susceptibility and capsule production, an important virulence factor. Additionally, tests
for differentiation from closely related species, as well as epidemiological typing, were
performed. In a period of 18 years (2002–2019), 24 isolates presumptively identified as L.
garvieae were collected from Oncorhynchus mykiss and Salmo salar fish obtained either from
retail stores or fish farms. In order to confirm the species, optimized PCR-based protocols
were used. As a result, 21 of the tested strains were proved to be L. garvieae (n = 21). The
remaining three isolates were Lactococcus lactis, Streptococcus iniae, and Enterococcus faecalis.
Epidemiological typing by randomly amplified polymorphic DNA was performed. Except
for a single KG+ isolate, all other strains belonged to the European capsular serotype KG−.
All L. garvieae isolates showed susceptibility to all tested antibiotics with the exception of
clindamycin, which was a diagnostic sign. A thorough optimization of diagnostic methods
is essential to determining the etiology of specific infections affecting the personnel at risk
in fish farms, the food industry, or within the broader community
Presence of PCBs in different types of cheese from Serbia and Italy
No full textObjective
Polychlorinated biphenyls are persistent environmental pollutants, and their high lipophilicity and
ability to bioaccumulate in animal and human adipose tissues is well known [1, 2]. In this study,
the presence of seven PCB congeners (28, 52, 101, 118, 138, 153 and 180) was examined in 114
different dairy cheeses sampled over a period of 3 years (2022 - 2024). The study included the
analysis of soft, fresh and matured cheeses produced in Serbia (45) and Italy (69).
Methods
The samples were analyzed by our accredited laboratory, and instrumental analysis was carried out
using a gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS) system for chromatographic separation.
All analyses of quantified results were performed in duplicate. A modified QuEChERS method
was used for sample preparation, with freezing of samples between purification stages for a period
of 45 minutes for easier separation of layers and lipophilic fractions. An HP-5 MS column (30 m
x 0.250 mm x 0.25 μm) (PerkinElmer) was used at a constant flow of 1 mL/min and a column
pressure of 18.4 psi.
Results
The mozzarella di bufala cheese from Campania (Italy) exhibited the highest level of PCB and the
greatest variability of congener species. In two samples (August 2023), amounts of 11.16 μg/kg
and 15.80 μg/kg expressed as Σ7PCBs were detected. The most abundant congeners were, in
decreasing order, PCB 138, PCB 153, PCB 180, and PCB 118.
Conclusions
These existing values are important for further monitoring of sample control during import and
export, but also for identifying critical situations when considering product safety
Unveiling the global urban virome through wastewater metagenomics
No full textUnderstanding global viral dynamics is critical for public health. Traditional surveillance focuses on individual pathogens and symptomatic cases, which may miss asymptomatic infections or newly emerging viruses, delaying detection and response. Wastewater-based epidemiology has been used to track pathogens through targeted molecular assays, but its reliance on predefined targets limits detection of the full viral spectrum. Here, we analyse longitudinal wastewater samples from 62 cities across six continents (2017–2019) using metagenomics and capture-based sequencing with probes targeting viruses associatedwithgastrointestinal disease. Wedetect over2500 viral species spanning 122 families, many with human, animal, or plant health relevance. The bacteriophage family Microviridae and plant virus family Virgaviridae dominate the metagenomic dataset, while Astroviridae and Picornaviridae prevail in the capture-based sequence dataset. Virus distributions arebroadlysimilaracrosscontinentsatthefamilyandgenuslevels,yetdistinct city-level fingerprints reveal geographical and temporal variation, enabling spatiotemporal surveillance of viruses such as astroviruses and enteroviruses. Global wastewater-based epidemiology enables early detection of emerging viruses, including Echovirus 30 in Europe and Tomato brown rugose fruit virus. These findings highlight the potential of wastewater sequencing for the early detection of emerging viruses and population-wide virome monitoring across diverse hosts
Preliminary Results of Research on Coccidiosis in Horses in Serbia
No full textEquine coccidiosis is an infection of the intestinal tract of equids by protozoa of the genera Eimeria. Three
species of Eimeria can infect horses; E. uninugulata, E. solipedum and E. leuckarti. There is a prepatent period
of 16–35 days for protozoal infection. As a result of consuming contaminated water or food containing
sporulated oocysts, infection occurs. It is most often found in stabled horses. There is a greater prevalence of
infections in foals aged 30–125 days compared to adults. The current prevalence of coccidosis in horses in
Serbia is difficult to say, given that these studies are carried out sporadically. Horses that are kept at stables
have been examined significantly less, so here we will give preliminary results of the prevalence of equine
coccidiosis obtained during the research in the period 2019-2020. Fresh feces were examined using the
Sheather flotation method and by the modified Ziehl-Neelsen's method. Determination we performed by
morphological characteristic of oocyst. During the research coccidiosis were found at 5.60% of examined
animals. We were found all three types of coccidia. In most cases, there were mixed infections with two types
of coccidia, usually with E. solipedum and E. leuckarti. E. leuckarti it is most occurred species found at 23.3%
of all infected animals. E.leuckarti was considered pathogenic, causing diarrhea and enteritis. The prepatent is
long, 30 days or more in experimentally infected equids. Natural infections have been found in 28 days old
foals, indicating that foals can become infected on the day of birth. The number of oocysts excreted is not
correlated with clinical signs. Our observation in this study revealed that only a few foals exhibited temporary
diarrhoea, a common symptom of coccidiosis in horses. This suggests that the horses in the study may have
developed immunity against the parasite, a typical response to repeated exposure to coccidian oocysts
First Report of Triple Viral Co-Infection (PPV, PCV2, PCMV) in Wild Boars in the Western Balkans
No full textWild boars are recognized reservoirs of numerous viral pathogens, posing a significant risk to domestic pig populations, particularly in areas with poor biosecurity. This study assessed the prevalence and co-infection patterns of porcine circovirus type 2 (PCV2), porcine parvovirus (PPV), porcine cytomegalovirus (PCMV), African swine fever virus (ASFV), classical swine fever virus (CSFV), and pseudorabies virus (PRV) in wild boars from western Serbia and the Republic of Srpska (Bosnia and Herzegovina). Sixty-six spleen samples from legally hunted wild boars were analyzed by qPCR. All animals were negative for ASFV, CSFV, and PRV. The cumulative prevalence of infection with at least one of the other three viruses was 86.4% (95% CI: 76.2–92.8%). PCMV was detected in 74.2% of samples, PCV2 in 50%, and PPV in 28.8%. Co-infections were common: 42.4% of animals were positive for two viruses, and 12.1% for all three. A statistically significant association was observed between triple co-infection and sex, with higher rates in males. Subadult wild boars showed the highest PCV2 + PCMV co-infection rate (p = 0.0547). These findings highlight the need to expand molecular surveillance, particularly for PCMV, in both wild and domestic pigs, especially in regions reliant on low-biosecurity backyard farming