REPONIVS - Repository of Scientific Institute for Veterinary Medicine of Serbia
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Svinjsko meso između tradicije i nauke: nutritivna analiza i uticaj na zdravlje
No full textSvinjsko meso čini oko 30% ukupne svetske potrošnje mesa i predstavlja značajan izvor
visokokvalitetnih proteina, vitamina B kompleksa i esencijalnih minerala poput gvožđa i cinka.
Iako se često klasifikuje kao crveno meso i povezuje sa povećanim rizikom od kardiovaskularnih
bolesti i karcinoma, novija istraživanja ukazuju na razlike u sastavu i potencijalno neutralan ili
pozitivan uticaj svinjskog mesa, naročito nemasnih delova, na zdravlje. Ovaj rad prikazuje
nutritivni profil svinjskog mesa, razlike među kategorijama mesa, i analizira dostupne dokaze o
njegovom uticaju na kardiometaboličko zdravlje, telesnu masu i rizik od maligniteta, sa posebnim
osvrtom na održive obrasce ishrane koji uključuju svinjsko meso.Zbornik radov
Circulation of pathogens in backyard poultry and their association with biosecurity
No full textЕкстензивно гајење домаће живине је уобичајена пракса у руралним подручјима наше земље. Ова врста живине углавном се узгаја за сопствене потребе или као допуна прихода пољопривредних газдинстава. Током дана, у највећем броју случајева ова живина време проводи на отвореном простору, чиме је изложена контакту са дивљим птицама и другим животињама које могу бити носиоци различитих патогених микроорганизама. Обзиром на ограничен број података о циркулацији патогена код домаће живине, у овом истраживању је спроведено испитивање узорака крвних серума од 85 невакцинисаних јединки са 20 насумично одабраних дворишних газдинстава. Користећи ELISA методу, у узорцима је испитиван ниво антитела усмерених против вируса инфективног бронхитиса (ИБВ), инфективног бурзитиса (ИБД), Mycoplasma synoviae (МС), Mycoplasma gallisepticum (МГ) и реовируса (РЕО). Такође, употребом онлајн упитника Biocheck.UGent (https://biocheckgent.com/en/questionnaires/backyard-poultry) извршена је процена примене биосигурносних мера на овим фармама.
На основу добијених резултата, утврђено је да је укупна серопреваленција код узроковане живине за ИБВ, ИБД, МС, МГ и РЕО била 77,64% (66/85), 56,47% (48/85), 67,05% (57/85), 87,05% (74/85) и 87,05% (74/85), респективно. Забрињавајућа чињеница је да је само једно јато било негативно на ИБВ, а само једно на ИБД.
Оцене за подкатегорије биосигурносних мера су варирале међу фармама, при чему су највеће разлике примећене у погледу набавке нових птица (27,92%) и одлагања стајњака и лешева (45,90%). Такође, забележене су ниске оцене за менаџмент здравља јата (21,90%) и чишћење и дезинфекцију (25,95%).
Важно је размотрити серопреваленцију ИБВ, ИБД, МГ, МС и РЕО код дворишне живине, јер она може бити резервоар патогена и представљати ризик за оближње фарме које се баве интензивном производњом. С обзиром на недостатак информација о овим ризицима, од суштинског је значаја едуковати фармере и указати им на флексибилне, прилагодљиве мере које могу применити на својим фармама како би спречили ширење болести и умањили економске губитке.Backyard poultry rearing in Serbia is a common practice in rural areas of the country, primarily for self-consumption and to supplement farmers' income. Most of these birds are kept outdoors, where they search for food around the house or in the yard during the day. Access to the outdoors exposes poultry to wild birds and other animals that may carry various diseases. As the level of pathogens in this type of production is unknown, we sampled 85 non-vaccinated birds from 20 randomly selected backyard holdings and tested them for antibodies to Infectious Bronchitis Virus (IBV), Infectious Bursal Disease (IBD), Mycoplasma synoviae, Mycoplasma gallisepticum, and Reovirus (REO) using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). In addition, an evaluation of the current biosecurity measures on these farms was conducted using the Biocheck.UGent online survey (https://biocheckgent.com/en/questionnaires/backyard-poultry).
Based on the findings, the overall seroprevalence in the sampled birds for IBV, IBD, MS, MG, and REO were 77.64% (66/85), 56.47% (48/85), 67.05% (57/85), 87.05% (74/85), and 87.05% (74/85), respectively. The concerning fact is that only one of the flocks was negative for IBV, and only one was negative for IBD.
The scores for the subcategories varied across the farms, with the largest discrepancies observed in the areas of purchasing new birds (27.92%) and manure and carcass disposal (45.90%). Additionally, low scores were recorded for disease management (21.90%) and cleaning and disinfection (25.95%).
It is important to consider the seroprevalence of IBV, IBD, MG, MS, and REO in backyard poultry flocks, as backyard chickens may act as reservoirs for pathogens and pose a risk to nearby intensive poultry farms. Given the lack of information about these risks, it is essential to educate farmers and highlight flexible, adaptable measures they can implement on their farms to prevent the spread of diseases and mitigate economic losses.Zbornik kratkih sadržaj
Advancements in sterilization methods for industrial production: overcoming challenges and providing solutions for surfaces, products, and packaging
No full textSterilizacija je fundamentalni proces u različitim industrijama, posebno u medicini,
farmaciji i prehrambenom sektoru, gde je neophodno eliminisati mikroorganizme
i biološke kontaminante. Ovaj rad istražuje savremene metode sterilizacije,
uključujući radijacionu (gama zraci, elektronski snopovi, X-zraci, UV svetlost),
toplotnu (suva i vlažna toplota) i hemijsku sterilizaciju (etilen-oksid, ozon, hlor-
-dioksid, vodonik-peroksid). Posebna pažnja je posvećena efikasnosti ovih metoda,
faktorima koji utiču na uspeh sterilizacije i njihovoj primeni u različitim industrijskim
granama. Cilj je da se pruži sveobuhvatan pregled tehnologija i preporuke za
njihovu optimalnu upotrebu.Sterilization is a fundamental process across various industries, particularly in
medicine, pharmaceuticals, and food processing, aiming to eliminate microorganisms and biological contaminants. This paper explores contemporary sterilization methods, including radiation (gamma rays, electron beams, X-rays, UV light), thermal (dry and moist heat), and chemical sterilization (ethylene oxide, ozone, chlorine dioxide, hydrogen peroxide). Special attention is given to the efficiency of these methods, factors influencing successful sterilization, and their applications across different industrial sectors. The goal is to provide a comprehensive overview
of these technologies and offer recommendations for their optimal use.Zbornik radova,
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Comparative analysis of equid milk
No full textMleko kobila (Equus caballus) i magarica (Equus asinus) sve više privlačipažnju zbog svojih jedinstvenih nutritivnih i terapeutskih svojstava. Ova studijaima za cilj uporednu analizu hemijskog sastava i mikrobiološke ispravnostimagarećeg i kobiljeg mleka, sa naglaskom na njihovu primenu kaofunkcionalnih namirnica i hipoalergenih alternativa za osetljive populacije,poput odojčadi sa alergijom na proteine kravljeg mleka (CMPA). Uzorci suprikupljeni od magarica i kobila u različitim fazama laktacije, sa farmi u Srbiji,gde se životinje hrane u poluekstenzivnim uslovima. Magareće mleko jekarakterisano niskim sadržajem masti (0,3-1,8%), visokim nivoima laktoze (6,0-7,4%) i visokim koncentracijama bioaktivnih molekula kao što su lizozim,laktoferrin i laktoperoksidaza. Ove komponente doprinose antimicrobiološkimosobinama i produženom roku trajanja magarećeg mleka, naročito u sirovomobliku. Nizak broj somatskih ćelija i ukupni broj bakterija dodatno podržavajunjegovu bezbednost i terapijsku primenu, posebno za CMPA pacijente. S drugestrane, kobilje mleko ima viši sadržaj masti (1,5-2,0%), što mu daje većugustinu i energetsku vrednost. Takođe, bogato je polinezasićenim masnimkiselinama, kao što su omega-3 i omega-6, koje podržavaju kardiovaskularnozdravlje, a visok sadržaj kalcijuma i fosfora čini ga korisnim za zdravlje kostiju.Iako je nutritivno bogatije, kobilje mleko pokazuje malu varijaciju u sadržajuproteina i laktoze, što je verovatno povezano sa rasom, fazom laktacije iuslovima ishrane. Mikrološki kvalitet kobiljeg mleka takođe je visok, saumerenim brojem somatskih ćelija i ukupnog broja bakterija. I magareće ikobilje mleko poseduju značajne i komplementarne nutritivne, funkcionalne iterapeutske prednosti. Dok je magareće mleko posebno korisno za imunološkuzaštitu i hipoalergene primene, kobilje mleko pruža širi spektar zdravstvenihkoristi, posebno za zdravlje kostiju i kardiovaskularni sistem. Rezultati ukazuju na potrebu za daljim istraživanjima koja bi optimizovala metode proizvodnje iosigurala mikrobiološku bezbednost ovih proizvoda.Equid milk, specifically from donkeys (Equus asinus) and mares (Equus caballus), has garnered significant interest due to its unique nutritional and therapeutic properties. This study aimed to compare the chemical composition and microbiological quality of donkey and mare milk, focusing on their potential as functional foods and hypoallergenic alternatives for sensitive populations, such as infants with Cow Milk Protein Allergy (CMPA). Samples were collected from donkeys and mares at different lactation stages under semiextensive farming conditions in Serbia. Donkey milk was characterized by a low fat content (0.3-1.8%), high lactose levels (6.0-7.4%), and rich concentrations of bioactive compounds such as lysozyme, lactoferrin, and lactoperoxidase. These bioactive components contribute to its antimicrobial properties and prolonged shelf life. The milk's low somatic cell count (SCC) and total bacterial count (TBC) further support its potential for therapeutic use and safety for CMPA patients. In contrast, mare milk had a higher fat content (1.5-2.0%), providing increased energy density. It also exhibited elevated levels of polyunsaturated fatty acids (omega-3 and omega-6), which support cardiovascular health, along with significant amounts of calcium and phosphorus beneficial for bone health. Despite its higher nutritional density, mare milk showed slight variability in protein and lactose content, likely influenced by breed, lactation stage, and feeding conditions. The microbiological quality of mare milk was also found to be high, with moderate SCC and TBC levels. Both donkey and mare milk possess valuable and complementary nutritional, functional, and therapeutic benefits. While donkey milk is particularly beneficial for immune protection and hypoallergenic uses, mare milk offers a broader range of health benefits, particularly for bone and cardiovascular health. The findings highlight the need for continued research to optimize milk production methods and ensure microbiological safety for these products' broader use in functional foods.Zbornik predavanj
Diarrhea in neonatal calves
No full textDiarrhea is a very common disease in calves, especially in the first days of life. One of the most common causes of death of newborns on the farm as well as on individual farms is diarrhea in calves. Most farms are exposed to pathogens causing diarrhea, while the applied breeding technology significantly affects the health of newborns, which are also affected by these pathogens. Most calf diarrhea is caused by more than one agent or pathogen. Calves are usually infected with multiple pathogens. This is very important in order to make an accurate diagnosis and apply appropriate therapy in sick calves, and in order to apply a new breeding strategy and avoid the future appearance of this disease. The consequence of diarrhea is not only loss of growth, but also expensive and long-term therapy, sometimes with a fatal outcome. The most common infectious causes of diarrhea are: Escherichia coli, Salmonella spp., Rota virus, Corona virus, Cryptosporidium parvum, etc. Some of these causative agents of calf diarrhea are zoonoses (Salmonella spp., Cryptosporidium spp., Giardia spp., and certain strains of E. coli) so we must handle diseased animals, contaminated bedding and equipment, and faecal samples very carefully to avoid infecting yourself and co-workers. Intensive breeding of calves requires continuous monitoring of the health condition of calves and adequate application of veterinary-prophylactic, hygienic-sanitary and zootechnical measures. Improving the health condition has a positive effect on the production results and the welfare of the calves
Apocephalus Borealis a New Threat to Honey Bees
No full textRecently, a new harmful honey bee insect, Apocephalus borealis, has appeared in North America. This insect is
not unknown, since it has always been a parasite on bumblebees and some types of wasps. This parasitoid's
genus Apocephalus is best known for the "decapitating flies" that attack a variety of ant species, although A.
borealis attacks and alters the behavior of bees and wasps. Insects, landing on the bee's abdomen, lay eggs in it.
A sick bee starts behaving strangely and usually flies out of the hive at night, and dies shortly afterwards.
Parasites found in bees turn them into bees whose behavior is most similar to that of zombies. Bees are
desperate to keep moving and dying, a healthy bee curls up like a ball and dies, while these bees continue to
move, despite being curled up. They are constantly stretching their legs, trying to get up before they fall again.
These flies are colloquially known as zombie flies and the bees they infect are colloquially known as zombies.
The latest evidence also shows that midges attack honey-carrying bees. The eggs develop in the dead bee for
seven days, after which the larvae hatch. They come out on the bee's neck, between the head and chest, to
continue their development outside. Analysis of the remains of the dead bee, in which the larva resided and the
larvae themselves, determined the virus of deformed wings and the fungus Noseme ceranae. As such bees leave
the hives without a trace, there are many coincidences with the still unexplained syndrome of the disappearance
of bee colonies. It is not yet certain whether sick bees voluntarily leave the hive or healthy bees kick them out of
it, but it is obvious that bees do not know that flies are on their backs because they hide well
Comparison of potentially toxic elements (PTEs) and organochlorine pesticides (OCPs) levels in Rutilus rutilus (Linnaeus, 1758) sampled from different reservoirs in terms of human health risk due to consumption
No full textThis study evaluates the potential human health risks of environmental pollutant loads carried by consumption of roach (Rutilus rutilus, Linnaeus, 1758), a bioindicator of environmental pollution from the Cyprinidae family in freshwater systems. We analyzed the concentrations of 26 potentially toxic elements (PTEs) in the muscle, gills, and liver, and 18 organochlorine pesticides (OCPs) in the muscle of roach originating from reservoirs (artificial lakes) with different uses (power generation and water supply) and anthropogenic impacts. Elemental concentrations were compared to maximum allowable concentrations and used to calculate pollution indices, including the metal pollution index and liver/ muscle Hg index, health risk and benefit indices (target hazard quotient—THQ, target cancer risk—TR, Se:Hg, Na:K, and Ca:Mg ratios), and contributions of selected trace elements and macronutrients in roach meat. Additionally, the condition factor and histopathology were applied as biomarkers. The results showed that element accumulation varied between sites and tissues, with muscle tissue having the lowest pollution load and gills being the most exposed. OCP concentrations were below the maximum residue levels at all sites. Health risk and benefit indices determined no significant risks from the consumption of roach meat. The biomarker analysis showed diverse results with regard to pollutant accumulation. The highest anthropogenic pressure was observed in reservoirs used for power generation. Additionally, reservoirs at higher elevations were less polluted compared to reservoirs at lower elevations. Overall, the study suggests that the roach is a suitable bioindicator of environmental pollution
Graphene Quantum Dots in Bacterial Cellulose Hydrogels for Visible Light-Activated Antibiofilm and Angiogenesis in Infection Management
No full textA novel bacterial cellulose (BC)-based composite hydrogel with graphene quantum dots (BC-GQDs) was developed for photodynamic therapy using blue and green light (BC-GQD_blue and BC-GQD_green) to target pathogenic bacterial biofilms. This approach aims to address complications in treating nosocomial infections and combating multi-drugresistant organisms. Short-term illumination (30 min) of both BC-GQD samples led to singlet oxygen production and a reduction in pathogenic biofilms. Significant antibiofilm activity (>50% reduction) was achieved against Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli with BC-GQD_green, and against Pseudomonas aeruginosa with BC-GQD_blue. Atomic force microscopy images revealed a substantial decrease in biofilm mass, accompanied by changes in surface roughness and area, further confirming the antibiofilm efficacy of BC-GQDs under blue and green light, without any observed chemical alterations. Additionally, the biocompatibility of BC-GQDs was demonstrated with human gingival fibroblasts (HGFs). For the first time, in vitro studies explored the visible light-induced potential of BC-GQD composites to promote wound healing processes, showing increased migratory potential and the upregulation of eNOS and MMP9 gene expressions in HGFs. Chemical characterization revealed a 70 nm upshift in the photoluminescence emission spectra compared to the excitation wavelength. These novel photoactive BC-GQD hydrogel composites show great promise as effective agents for wound healing regeneration and infection managemen
Grey alder (Alnus incana (L.) Moensch) bark valorisation potential: longitudinal variability of chemical composition and antimicrobial, antioxidative, and cytotoxic activity of extractives
No full textGrey alder Alnus incana (L.) Moensch bark represents a prospective raw material
for acquiring a broad range of high-value green chemicals with various biological
activities. Bark, rich in valuable extractives, is considered an important resource
for sustainable development because of its abundance, renewability, and availabil-
ity. Herein, we investigated the longitudinal variability of A. incana bark chemical
composition and bark extractives yield for their potential utilization/valorisation.
A. incana bark extractives were obtained by Soxhlet extraction using four solvents
of different polarities: ethanol, ethyl acetate, petroleum ether, and water, while the
bark samples were collected from three trunk heights. Extractive contents (EC) and
total phenolic content (TPC) were determined, as well as their antioxidative (AO),
antimicrobial, and cytotoxic activity were examined. The results showed that the
A. incana bark contains an elevated amount of extractives compared to the other
deciduous tree species with the highest content found for water and ethanol extrac-
tives. The extractives exhibited high antioxidative activity and antibacterial effects
on eight Gram-positive and seven Gram-negative bacterial stains. Furthermore, the
A. incana bark extractives showed antiproliferative activity towards two human
breast adenocarcinoma cell lines MCF-7 and MDA-MB-231. The ethyl acetate ex-
tract showed the best activity on the inhibition of the growth of the MDA-MB-231
cell line (IC50 value 30.9 μg/ml). In contrast, the ethyl acetate extractive showed
the best cytotoxic effect on the MCF-7 cell line (IC50 value 15.7 μg/ml)
Mushrooms as an indicator of radioactive contamination
No full textBiljne vrste a preko njih i čovek, mogu biti ugrožene radioaktivnim materijama i u
slučajevima niske radioaktivnosti u pojedinim delovima ekološkog lanca. Sve je to
posledica bioakomulacije pojedinih radionuklida u nekim biljnim vrstama, koje
postaju „bioindikatori“, a ponekad mogu imati značajno velike akomulacije
radioaktivnih materija i zbog toga biti opasne za ljudsku ishranu. Njihovo utvrđivanje
olakšava stepen praćenja radioaktivne kontaminacije nekog ekostistema od mesta
nastanka do čoveka. Pečurke mogu predstavljati bioindikator radioaktivne
kontaminacije a ta visoka radioaktivnost je povezana sa mogućnošću vezivanja
radionuklida iz šumske podloge u trajanju od više godina. Odeljenje za radijacionu
higijenu, pri Naučnom institutu za veterinarstvo Srbije u Beogradu, bavi se
veterinarsko-sanitarnom i fito-sanitarnom kontrolom u graničnom i unutrašnjem
prometu u Republici Srbiji. Tokom 2020-2024. godine gamaspektrometrijskom
metodom je izvršena radijaciono-higijenska kontrola 133 uzoraka pečuraka koje se
koriste za ishranu ljudi i to u nekoliko oblika: sveže, konzervirane i sušene ili u prahu.
Na osnovu dobijenih rezultata merenja radioaktivnosti možemo zaključiti da su se
aktivnosti antropogenih radionuklida, u našem slučaju 137Cs, kretale u dozvoljenim
granicama za date oblike proizvoda. Najveću aktivnost su imale sveže pečurke iz
unutrašnjeg prometa, šumske pečurke, kod kojih je izmerena aktivnost 137Cs bila u
odnosu 0.34-37.25 Bq/kg, čija je vrednost bila nešto viša ali ipak ispod dozvoljenih
granica koje propisuje naš pravilnik. Radioaktivnost životne sredine je u stalnom
opadanju posle nuklearnih akcidenata u Černobilju i Fukušimi ali biljne vrste, kao što
su pečurke, mogu biti dobri pokatelji zagađenosti pojedinih delova ekosistema zbog
svoje akomulacijske sposobnosti i vezivanja radioaktivnih materija. Zbog toga je
neophodna stalna radijaciono-higijenska kontrola uzoraka iz životne sredine, jer samo
tako možemo obezbediti ispravne i radijaciono čiste proizvode za ljudsku ishranu.Plant species, and through them humans, can be threatened by radioactive substances
even in cases of low radioactivity in certain parts of the ecological chain. All this is a
consequence of the bioaccumulation of certain radionuclides in some plant species,
which become "bioindicators", and sometimes they can have significantly large
accumulations of radioactive substances and therefore be dangerous for human
consumption. Their determination facilitates the monitoring of the level of radioactive
contamination of an ecosystem from the place of origin to man. Mushrooms can
represent a bioindicator of radioactive contamination, and this high radioactivity is
associated with the possibility of binding radionuclides from the forest floor for
several years. The Department for Radiation Hygiene, at the Scientific Institute of
Veterinary Medicine of Serbia in Belgrade, deals with veterinary-sanitary and phytosanitary
control in border and internal traffic in the Republic of Serbia. During 2020-
2024. 133 samples of mushrooms that are used for human consumption in several
forms: fresh, canned and dried or in powder were carried out using the gamma
spectrometric method. Based on the obtained results of radioactivity measurements,
we can conclude that the activities of anthropogenic radionuclides, in our case 137Cs,
were within the permitted limits for the given forms of the product. Fresh mushrooms
from internal traffic, forest mushrooms, had the highest activity, where the measured
activity of 137Cs was in the ratio of 0.34-37.25 Bq/kg, the value of which was slightly
higher but still below the permitted limits prescribed by our regulations. The
radioactivity of the environment is constantly decreasing after the nuclear accidents
in Chernobyl and Fukushima, but plant species, such as mushrooms, can be good
sources of pollution in certain parts of the ecosystem due to their ability to accumulate
and bind radioactive substances. This is why constant radiation-hygiene control of
samples from the environment is necessary, because this is the only way we can
ensure correct and radiation-free products for human consumption