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Instrumental Methods for the Microplastics Determination in the Environment
No full textMicroplastics are tiny plastic particles and
fragments that are less than 5 millimeters in size.
These particles can be found in various
environmental compartments. They are a growing
concern due to their potential environmental
impact and the challenges they pose for ecosystems
and human health. Microplastics can vary in shape,
composition, and size, with some being so small
that they are not visible to the naked eye (nano
dimensions). This diversity makes the detection
and analysis of microplastics a complex scientific
field.
When conducting microplastics analysis, it is
essential to choose the appropriate combination of
instruments and techniques based on the sample
type, and expected particle sizes.
Additionally, methods for the analysis of
microplastics are still being developed and have
not been brought to the level of standards. Like all
other methods of analysis, this procedure involves
the extraction of particles from the matrix [1] and
then an analysis that enables the confirmation of
the identity of the polymer from the point of its
particle composition. Particles that are mixed
polymers also often appear. That is why it is most
practical, and at the same time the most expensive,
to have several different techniques to determine
the type of particles. Everything gets complicated
when applied to micro and nano particle sizes.
Today, different instrumental techniques are
used for the detection of microplastics, depending
on the dimensions of the particles to be identified.
FTIR Spectrometer works by measuring the
absorption of infrared light by the sample,
providing information about the types of polymers
present. Raman Spectrometer is uses the scattering
of laser light to provide information about the
molecular structure and composition of
microplastics. SEM with Energy-Dispersive X-ray
Spectroscopy (EDS) capable to visualize the
surface morphology of particles and when coupled
with EDS, it can also provide information about the
elemental composition of the particle. Micro Raman spectrometers are specialized for
micrometar sizes particles. Pyrolysis instrument
and GC-MS system that burns microplastics and
this products are analyzed using GC-MS.
None of these techniques have been accepted as
standard so far. And this will probably be decided
for a long time, because the particle sizes are in a
very wide range and not all of these techniques are
sensitive and reliable enough for particles of micro
and nano size. The choice of technique will also be
influenced by the way the results are expressedhttps://emec23.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/12/EMEC23-Book-of-Abstracts.pd
Correlation and path analysis of grain yield and components of grain yield of maize (Zea mays L.)
No full textMaize is one of the most important cereal crops. Besides its use as food
and feed, maize is also an energy crop. In order to ensure sufficient quantities of
maize, the main goal of every breeding program is to develop new, better hybrids.
Correlation and path coefficient analysis can be used for indirect selection of highyielding
hybrids. In light of that, one of the objectives of this paper was to determine
relationship between grain yield and morphological traits, for 8 inbred lines and their
hybrids, Strong genetic and phenotypic correlations were found between grain yield
and other studied traits, except between grain yield, on one side, and kernel row
number, where we found medium phenotypic correlations, Between morphological
traits of plant and ear the highest values of genotypic and phenotypic coefficient of
correlations were found between ear length and kernel number per row. Also, the
objective of this research was to find the direct and indirect effects of morphological
traits on grain yield. Desirable, high significant influence on grain yield in path
coefficient analysis, was found for almost all studied traits. Ear height was the only
trait that had negative direct genetic and phenotypic influence.Urednici: prof. dr Andrea Andrejević Panić, prof. dr Jelena Ješić, prof. dr Simonida Vukadinović i prof. dr Gordana Racić; tehnički urednici: prof. dr Simonida Vukadinović, prof. dr Jelena Ješić, prof. dr Andrea Andrejević Panić i doc. dr Zoran Brlja
An impact of inflation on the Neo-Keynesian Phillips Curve - the case of the Republic of Serbia
No full textThe Phillips curve has evolved into a systematic instrument that elaborates on macroeconomic analysis, showing the relationship between unemployment and inflation, illustrating the trade-off between achieving full capacity engagement and maintaining price stability. The New Keynesian Phillips curve presumes that expectations of inflation are neither adaptive nor rational, as posited in Lucas's theory. Consequently, a New Keynesian Phillips curve has emerged, distinct from the curve modeled by Phelps and Friedman. In 2023, inflation in the Republic of Serbia (Serbia) peaked at 16.2% in March, gradually declining to 10.2% by September, aided by reduced pressure from food prices. Projected inflation is expected to decelerate further by the end of 2023 and into the following year, influenced by effects and tighter financing conditions. While some increases in 2023 are evident, approximate yearly inflation is expected to be in single digits in 2024, returning within the central bank’s target in two years. This paper will present the New Keynesian Phillips curve in the Republic of Serbia (Serbia), as well as macroeconomic predictions for the country
Cross-border cooperation and marketing activities in tourism – a case study of the Health-tour project
No full textHealth tourism has a long tradition and importance both in Serbia (including the Autonomous Province of Vojvodina) and in Hungary. The Strategy of Tourism Development in the Republic of Serbia as well as the Program of Tourism Development in the Autonomous Province of Vojvodina highlight health tourism (together with its subcategories of medical and spa/wellness tourism) as one of the key types of tourism which has serious potential for attracting local and international tourists. Following the suggestions and strategic orientation of these documents, a Study of Health Tourism Development in APV has been prepared, within the project “HEALTH-TOUR – Health Tourism – Good Tourism: Joint Development of Health Tourism in the Hungary-Serbia Cross-Border Region.” The project is realized within the cross-border program of cooperation between Hungary and the Republic of Serbia, financed by the European Union (IPA INTERREG). The aim of this paper is to present some aspects of the project and to show the possibilities of cross-border cooperation in tourism, especially in the field of marketing
Adjunct extraction in factive, non-factive, and semi-factive constructions
No full textWhereas previous research has shown that adjunct extraction out of non-factive clauses is
allowed, the results of adjunct extraction out of factive clauses were inconsistent (De Cuba &
Mitrović 2008; Sekicki 2016). The main aim of the present paper is twofold: to reexamine the
acceptability of adjunct extraction out of factive clauses and to offer a possible explanation
for the differences in acceptability judgments. An acceptability judgment task was distributed
among 90 native speakers of Serbian. As expected, the results showed that the sentences
containing non-factive verbs allow long-distance extraction of adjuncts. The results also
confirmed that native speakers of Serbian consider the clauses containing an adjunct extracted
out of a true factive (emotive) clause unacceptable. Semi-factive (cognitive) verbs, which lose
their factivity in questions, conditionals and modal environments (Karttunen, 1971), were also
included in the questionnaire. The results suggest that they are mostly considered
unacceptable when the extracted adjuncts are how and why, whereas they are considered more
acceptable with when and where, which is in accordance with Oshima’s Scale of Extractability
(2007). The conclusion is that emotive and cognitive factive verbs behave differently, with
cognitive verbs allowing extraction in some cases, which is in accordance with previous
research (Djärv&Romero 2021).U radu se daje pregled faktivnih i nefaktivnih konstrukcija (Kiparsky & Kiparsky, 1970), sa
fokusom na se na njihovo sintaksičko ponašanje kada je u pitanju ekstrakcija adjunkta iz
umetnute klauze. Prethodna istraživanja su pokazala da je ekstrakcija adjunkta iz umetnutih
klauza nefaktivnih glagola dozvoljena, dok je ekstrakcija adjunkta iz umetnutih klauza
faktivnih glagola dovela do suprotstavljenih rezultata (De Cuba & Mitrović 2008; Sekicki
2014). De Cuba i Mitrović (2008) tvrde da faktivni komplementi ne dozvoljavaju ekstrakciju
adjunkta zato što faktivni glagoli ne selektuju dodatni cP nivo sintaksičke strukture, za razliku
od nefaktivnih glagola. Glagol selektuje ovaj dodatni nivo unutar CP projekcije, dok ga
semantički operator [Op] projektuje. S druge strane, Sekicki (2016) je došla do rezultata koji
pokazuju da je ekstrakcija adjunkta iz faktivnih klauza moguća u nekim slučajevima. Osim
faktivnih i nefaktivnih glagola, u istraživanje su bili uključeni i semifaktivni glagoli koji gube
svoju faktivnost u pitanjima, kondicionalima i modalnim okruženjima (Karttunen, 1971).
Semifaktivni glagoli su zapravo kognitivni glagoli, dok su pravi faktivni glagoli emotivni
(Klein, 1975). Cilj istraživanja je dvostruk: ponovo ispitati prihvatljivost ekstrakcije adjunkta
iz faktivnih klauza i ponuditi moguće objašnjenje za razliku u proceni prihvatljivosti dobijenu
u prethodnim istraživanjima. 90 izvornih govornika srpskog jezika uradilo je zadatak procene
prihvatljivosti u kome su testirani pravi faktivni (žaliti), nefaktivni (misliti) i semifaktivni
(saznati) glagoli. Treba istaći da je svako pitanje bilo praćeno odgovorom kako bismo bili
sigurni da će ekstrahovani adjunkt biti interpretiran u odnosu na umetnutu, a ne na glavnu
klauzu. Kao što smo i očekivali, rezultati istraživanja su potvrdili da rečenice koje sadrže
nefaktivne glagole dozvoljavaju ekstrakciju adjunkta. Rezultati su takođe pokazali da izvorni
govornici srpskog jezika smatraju ekstrakciju adjunkta iz umetnute faktivne klauze
neprihvatljivom, što je u skladu sa zaključcima do kojih su došli De Cuba i Mitrović (2008).
Što se semifaktivnih glagola tiče, rezultati istraživanja ukazuju na to da su rečenice u kojima
su ekstrahovani adjunkti bili kako i zašto uglavnom ocenjene kao neprihvatljive, dok su one
u kojima su ekstrahovani adjunkti bili kada i gde dobili dosta više ocene, što je u skladu sa
Ošiminom Skalom ektraktabilnosti (2007). Zaključak rada je da se emotivni, tj. pravi faktivni,
i kognitivni, tj. semifaktivni glagoli ponašaju različito, pri čemu kognitivni glagoli
dozvoljavaju ekstrakciju u slučajevima nejedinstvenosti i evidencijalnih pitanja, što je u
skladu sa prethodnim istraživanjima u engleskom jeziku (Djärv&Romero 2021)
Importance of the Physical Fitness of Emergency Professionals
No full textIt is very vital to underline the importance of the physical fitness of the emergency professionals in disaster response as an emergency response performance is crucial in limiting mortality, injuries, property loss, and environmental harm. Personnel in special weapons and tactics (SWAT), special operations forces, conventional military forces, law enforcement, firefighters and different emergency response teams are all examples of tactical athletes. Emergency personnel may be required to carry heavy loads, move through hazardous terrain and environments, run, engage in self-defense, perform manual handling tasks, engage in search and rescue operations, safeguard community property, and engage in other near-maximum heart rate activities for extended periods. All of those physically demanding job duties necessitate a high level of physical fitness. Fitness improvements enhance tactical athlete's performance on duty with superiorprecision and efficiency, therefore mitigating consequences of different emergency events
Green Infrastructure Designed through Nature-Based Solutions for Sustainable Urban Development
No full textWith the goal of enhancing the quality of the environment, urban green infrastructure (UGI) is an essential element in sustainable cities, and nature-based solutions (NBS) are being carried out as new infrastructure solutions that increase the resilience of cities. In this research, the method of theoretical analysis and the content analysis as the basic fact-gathering technique was applied to answer to following questions: What are the hindrances and bottlenecks in implementing NBS? Are the current decision-making mechanisms helping NBS get in route to shape cities? Is there any binding policy in practice that promotes NBS? In Belgrade is planned Type 3 of the degree of intervention/level and engineering type-Creation and new ecosystem management in the classifications of intensive urban green space management; urban planning strategies; urban water management; ecological restoration of degraded terrestrial ecosystems; and restoration and creation of semi-natural water bodies and hydrographic networks. In the future, it is essential to implement policies and incentives on national, regional, and local scales that help encourage the usage of NBS in the development of urban infrastructure
The impact of time devoted to video games on student achievement
No full textThe aim of this paper is to examine the relationship between the time that higher education students spend playing video games during exam periods and their average grades in one Eastern European country. Moreover, the authors wanted to explore the differences among students with regard to their age, gender, year of study, and employment status in relation to video game-playing habits. Four research questions were generated and a quantitative survey among students (N=233) was conducted at two universities in Serbia in December 2021. The results showed that, on average, students who play more games may have slightly lower grades than students who do not play games. In contrast, the time devoted to studying during the exam period is to some extent related to students' average achievement. In research sample, the best students spend the least time playing video games and the most time studying compared to other students
The environmental issue of pesticide residues in agricultural soils in Serbia
No full textWidespread use of pesticides in intensive agriculture indicates the need for permanent monitoring of their residues in soil. For this purpose, a total of 22 evenly distributed sampling points of arable land were chosen in the sampling area in Serbia. Soils were divided into groups according to the previous crop (pepper, vegetables, maize, wheat and soybean). Soil properties and residues of 68 pesticides, of which 22 herbicides, 25 insecticides and 21 fungicides, were analysed in the collected soil samples. The obtained data confirm the heterogeneity of soil samples regarding their organic matter content (1.41-3.39%) and pH value (pH 4.27-8.08). The average number of active ingredients detected per type of previous crop was 1-2 herbicides, 14-16 insecticides, and 3-4 fungicides, while the residues of 3 herbicides, 20 insecticides and 9 fungicides were found in total. Insecticides with mainly organochlorine compounds represented the majority of the detected active ingredients. Although rapid degradability of sulfonylurea herbicides is a well-known fact, the residues of nicosulfuron, ranging from 0.15 to 1.99 mu g/kg, were found in three soil samples where maize was grown as a previous crop. Furthermore, triazoles prothioconazole (0.08 +/- 0.11 mu g/kg), tebuconazole (0.10 +/- 0.24 mu g/kg) and epoxyconazole (0.13 +/- 0.42 mu g/kg) were detected in 36%, 18% and 14% soil samples, respectively, while difenoconazole and flusilazole were detected in only one sample. Soil pH value mostly correlated with pesticides. The levels of pesticides detected in agricultural soils should be monitored further, especially in terms of environmental risks posed by their transfer to groundwater and surface waters