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Circular economy in the Western Balkans countries
No full textSince the publication of the first report (Towards The Circular Economy, Ellen MacArthur Foundation) quantifying the possibility of a circular economy at the World Economic Forum in 2012, the idea has been embraced with remarkable speed. This model has captured the interest of business leaders, emerging innovators, governments and cities, designers and scientists around the world. The attractiveness of the idea may be due to the compelling logic and economic rationale of the circular economy, as well as its potential for value creation and competitive advantage. At the same time, the harmful effects of the one-way linear system of "take-make-waste" become fully apparent. By 2050, the size of global economies is predicted to increase fourfold, and the world's population is expected to increase by 10 billion, with developing markets
accounting for two-thirds of global consumption. The negative impacts of the linear economy in terms of waste, pollution, depletion of finite resources, degradation of natural systems and climate change will (if the concept of business and human behaviour are not directed) be catastrophic (Lacy P. et al., xiii, 2020).
According to the United Nations (UN), the world's population will reach 9.2 billion by 205056. Half of the world's population (3.6 billion) is now considered middle class, which will increase to 5.3 billion by 2030. According to predictions, how life standard rises, so will consumption and demand for goods with more resources (eg. meat, housing and vehicles). By 2030, global demand is expected to increase by 35% for food, 40% for water and 50% for energy. This competition for resources is set against a backdrop of persistent economic inequality and intensifying geopolitical
tensions. Even as we have become more efficient at extracting value from raw materials, improvements have not kept pace with the rise in consumption. We consume about 1.75 times the capacity of the Earth, or 75% more natural resources than are renewed each year. Human's appetite for scarce resources is expected to grow in the coming decades. For example, production of mined metals is expected to increase by as much as 250% by 2030 to meet demand, and other commodities are under similar pressure. Nothing less will meet the urgency of the moment if the world is to achieve the UN's Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) by 2030 and stay within the
boundaries outlined in the Paris Agreement. (Lacy P. et al., 4, 2020).
The Circular economy represents model that is being obligation, if this generation would like to leave something for next generations, and this paper presents movement to circular model in the Western Balkan countries
Deforestation and pesticide use in the Balkans: beekeepers' recommendations
No full textThis paper presents beekeepers’ attitudes and recommendations regarding current forest
resource management and pesticide use in the agricultural production of selected countries in the
Balkans. They were asked to estimate the intensity of the mentioned threats from the aspect of their
beekeeping practice. When setting up the research, the starting hypothesis was that beekeepers, as
direct factors in agricultural production, could provide a realistic evaluation of the intensity of the
mentioned threats and suggest measures for mitigating them. A structured questionnaire was used to
obtain beekeepers’ responses and it was distributed to beekeepers in Serbia, Bosnia and Herzegovina,
Montenegro, Republic of North Macedonia and Albania. The research results showed that the most
beekeepers evaluated the intensity of the two supposed threats as very strong. The proposed measures
for mitigating these threats should include a series of activities involving education of agricultural
producers, implementation of the measures for sustainable forest management, control of pesticide
use and circulation, and consistent implementation of the existing legal regulations with stricter
penalties for violating the law. The recommended measures for mitigating threats to beekeeping
tend to group themselves depending on the altitude of the apiary and the urbanisation degree of the
settlement where beekeepers live
Harvesting and processing of propolis
No full textPropolis is a unique substance created by bees, which collect plant resins and process them using specific enzymes and mixing them with wax. Due to its antibacterial and antifungal properties, propolis is often used as a dietary supplement and in the treatment of certain human diseases. Propolis can be very different, both in terms of its chemical composition and its color, which mostly depend on the plant species from which the resin is collected. Official statistical data on the production of propolis in the world and by country, do not exist, but experts estimate that the world’s largest producers of propolis are China and Brazil, followed by Russia, the USA, Spain, Romania, Argentina and Chile. In Serbia, propolis is the third most common bee product that is collected at apiaries, right after honey and wax. Harvested raw propolis is processed into final products, mostly into alcoholic tinctures or into mixtures with other bee products, which are sold at the local market
Sequential extraction approach for sustainable recovery of various hemp (Cannabis sativa L.) bioactive compounds
No full textCannabis sativa L. known as industrial hemp manifests high capability in the manufacturing of
valuable nutraceuticals with health benefits. This study was focused on investigation of chemical
profile and bioactive potential of extracts isolated from three hemp varieties (Helena, Marina and
Fedora 17). In addition, great attention was directed towards the use of green extraction tech
niques and maximum utilization of raw material. In that regard conventional (hydrodistillation
HD) and novel extraction techniques (microwave-assisted hydrodistillation– MWHD, supercriti
cal fluid extraction– SFE and microwave-assisted extraction– MAE) were applied for isolating
various fractions (essential oil, lipid extracts and liquid extract) with promising bioactive poten
tial. Essential oils and lipid extracts were characterized regarding yield, terpenoid profile deter
mined by GC-MS and in vitro antioxidant activity towards DPPH and ABTS + radicals. Further
more, the content of two major cannabinoids was determined in plant material and in extract ob
tained by SFE. Sequential SFE technique allows obtaining lipid extracts in the first step of process
as well as raffinates after SFE in the second step. MAE was applied for isolation of polyphenolic
fraction from raw materials and SFE raffinates. Polyphenolic content was determined by spec
trophotometric assays and UHPLC-Triple-quadrupole-MS. The results suggested that hemp is an
excellent source of valuable terpenoid, cannabinoid and polyphenolic antioxidant agents, and
further research should be focused on their utilization in dietary supplements and functional
food
Marketing 4.0 – The Evolution of Marketing
No full textSzűkebb értelemben a marketing olyan vállalati tevékenységet takar, amely a vevők/fogyasztók igényeinek kielégítése érdekében elemzi a piacot, meghatározza az eladni kívánt terméket és/vagy szolgáltatásokat, megismerteti azokat a fogyasztókkal, kialakítja az árakat, megszervezi az értékesítést és befolyásolja a vásárlókat. A marketing az elmúlt évtizedekben óriási változtásokon, fejlődési szakaszokon ment keresztül. A mai modern marketing vevőorientált, a vállalat minden döntését (termelési, fejlesztési, értékesítési, pénzügyi stb.) a vevő kívánságainak rendeli alá. A vevők egyre igényesebbé váltak. A tömegtermelés megindulásakor a vállalatok még a kínálatot meghaladó kereslettel számolhattak, ám a termelési technológia fejlődése révén a megtöbbszöröződött kínálat gyorsan beérte, sőt mára már jelentősen meg is haladja a keresletet. Ennek eredményeképpen napjaink fogyasztója már bátran válogathat a vállalatok ajánlatai között. Ennek függvényében a vállalatok marketing tevékenysége méginkább felértékelődött, és a fogyasztóközpontú gondolkodásmód megtestesítője lett.Marketing covers a corporate activity that analyzes the market in order to satisfy the needs of customers/consumers, defines the product and/or services to be sold, introduces them to consumers, sets prices, organizes sales and influences customers. Marketing has gone through enormous changes and stages of development in recent decades. Today’s modern marketing is customer-oriented, and subordinates all the company’s decisions (production, development, sales, f inance, etc.) to the customer’s wishes. Customers have become increasingly demanding. At the start of mass production, companies could count on demand exceeding supply, but thanks to the development of production technology, the increased supply quickly caught up and even now significantly exceeds demand. As a result, today’s consumer can confidently choose between the companies’ offers. Depending on this, the marketing activities of the companies became even more valuable and became the embodiment of the consumer-oriented way of thinking
Quality 4.0 and HR Practices at Lighthouses of Digital Transformation
No full textQuality 4.0 is a fascinating subject that interests both theoreticians and practitioners alike. As technology continues to advance, this topic is only going to become more distinguishing. This paper elucidates the concept of Quality 4.0, its advantages, and the crucial factors required for its
implementation in companies. Importantly, it highlights the significance of having a competent workforce. The paper analyzes the human resource management practices that affect Quality 4.0 and identifies the most effective ones by studying companies that have succeeded in the process of digital transformation. By comparing the usage cases of 9 "Lighthouses Network" companies of digital transformation in quality management and the HR practices they apply, the paper identifies the ways of working and human resource management practices that lead to the effectiveness of Quality 4.0
Украјинска криза и питање суверенитета и територијалног интегритета
No full textАктуелни оружани сукоб између Русије и Украјине последица је њиховог вишедеценијског сложеног и компликованог односана који су утицале Сједињене Америчке Државе и државе Западне Европе. Организовање референдума и потписивање декрета о присаједињењу Крима и Севастопоља Руској Федерацији, затим сукоби у Донбасу који су трајали до 2018. године битно су нарушили политичке релације ове две земље које су биле део Савеза Совјетских Социјалистичких Република (СССР) све до 1991. када стичу своју независност. Ескалација континуирано лоших односа довела је до оружаног сукоба, али и до најзначајније политичке, економске и војне кризе чије је последице осетио цео свет. Предмет истраживања овог рада јесте украјинска криза са освртом на суверенитет и територијални интегритет Украјине након одржаних референдума и придруживања четири регије (Доњецка, Луганске, Запорожја и Херсона) Руској Федерацији. Чланакима за циљ да укаже и истакне да кључни међународни актери који (ин)директно учествују у сукобу између Русије и Украјине имају различит приступ када је реч о суверенитету и територијалном интегритету Украјине, односно када је реч о суверенитету и територијалном интегритету Републике Србије, заборављајући на поштовање начела суверене једнакости држава. Другим речима, од избијања оружаног сукоба у Украјини фебруара 2022. године сведоци смо да државе чланице међународне заједнице, водећи се сопственим националним интересима, могу заузети различити став поводом суверенитета и територијалног интегритета одређене државе, као последицу различито формулисаних политика.The current armed conflict between Russia and Ukraine is a consequence of their decade’s long complex and complicated relations, which was influenced by the United States and the countries of Western Europe. The organization of the referendum and signing of the decree on the annexation of Crimea and Sevastopol to the Russian Federation, and the conflicts in the Donbass that lasted until 2018 significantly damaged the political relations of these two countries, which were part of the Soviet Union until 1991, when they acquired their independence. The escalation of continuously bad relations led to an armed conflict, but also to the most significant political, economic and military crisis, and the consequences which were felt by the entire world.
The topic of this research is the Ukrainian crisis with reference to the sovereignty and territorial integrity of Ukraine after the referendums and the joining of four regions (Donetsk, Lugansk, Zaporozhye and Kherson) to the Russian Federation. The article aims to indicate and emphasize that the key international actors who (in)directly participate in the conflict between Russia and Ukraine have different approaches when it comes to the sovereignty and territorial integrity of Ukraine, that is, when it comes to the sovereignty and territorial integrity of the Republic of Serbia, forgetting on respecting the principle of sovereign equality of states. In other words, since the outbreak of the armed conflict in Ukraine in February 2022, we have witnessed that member states
of the international community, guided by their own national interests, can take different positions regarding the sovereignty and territorial integrity of a particular state, as a result of differently formulated policies