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PCR-RFLP method in combination with on-chip electrophoresis as a tool for determining variability between important species of Aspergillus
No full textAspergillus species are among the most significant producers of aflatoxins, which can
contaminate a wide range of agricultural and food products at any stage of production. The aim of
this research was to utilize molecular methods to determine and characterize the variability
between isolates of standard Aspergillus species. Genomic DNA was isolated from the mycelium
of all tested Aspergillus isolates. PCR amplifications were performed using gene-specific primers.
The PCR method successfully amplified the ITS1-5.8S rDNA-ITS2 region and portions of the β-
tubulin and calmodulin genes of all tested Aspergillus isolates. PCR products obtained after
amplification with primer pairs (ITS1/ITS4 and Bt2a/Bt2b), followed by digestion with restriction
enzymes HhaI, MwoI, and AlwI in RFLP analysis, facilitated the identification of variability among
the studied Aspergillus species. The results of PCR-RFLP analysis on the tested isolates were
consistent with those previously obtained through morphological examinations, indicating the
effectiveness of this molecular method for identification and determination of variability among
important Aspergillus species. The presented molecular method based on PCR-RFLP analysis, due
to its advantages such as reproducibility, speed, and high sensitivity, represents a valuable tool for
monitoring and controlling contamination by Aspergillus species in the food supply chain. The
method described in this study can be successfully used for rapid identification and determination
of variability between isolates of Aspergillus species, contributing to improved food safety control
and public health
Security policies and sustainable development in the Western Balkan region beyond 2022: current status, challenges, and prospects
No full textBackground The post-pandemic period, military conflicts, and geopolitical instability have all contributed to concerns regarding the world's sustainable and stable development, and small national economies are particularly vulnerable to these challenges. The five countries of the Western Balkan region (Republic of Serbia, Republic of North Macedonia, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Montenegro, and Albania) have established their national interests and formulated security policies in line with their strategic commitment to the green transition and integration into the European Union. The region has been grappling with a multitude of challenges for several decades, and further instability may be expected beyond 2022. This paper aims to analyze the impact of sustainable development politicization on the security policies of Western Balkan countries and identify critical challenges to the region’s sustainable development. Main text
The main research findings suggest that the security strategy of the Western Balkan countries was distinct from their economic and energy development until the beginning of the twenty-first century. Sustainable development is a strategic commitment of the Western Balkan countries, but it necessitates intricate changes, particularly in energy and economy. However, the Western Balkan countries have been confronted with new challenges due to the intricate geopolitical developments that emerged after 2022. The following are particularly noteworthy: frequently conflicting regional initiatives, the usage of energy resources and essential minerals, and significant impacts on how individuals form their opinion on these matters. The factors mentioned above are distinct security threats that require the Western Balkan countries to pursue solutions. Conclusions A politicized approach to sustainable development is a novel phenomenon that has to be incorporated into current security policy. Specifically, the present approach, which prioritizes the state's security, often conflicts with the emerging concept of individual security (which focuses on the stability of the economy and the environment). This situation adds a layer of complexity to the position of the Western Balkan countries. They have a limited capacity to impact geopolitical developments, and in order to make progress, maintain stability, and foster social peace, they must make concessions and cooperate with influential economies that frequently have conflicting geopolitical interests.Diona Đurđević je u ovom radu i korespodent
The Role of Personality in Firefighter Physical Fitness and Occupational Performance
No full textFirefighting demands high levels of physical fitness for effective job performance. This study examined the relationship between personality traits (preference for and tolerance of exercise intensity, and extraversion), physical fitness, and firefighter ability in 45 male recruit firefighters. Participants completed physical fitness and firefighter ability assessments, along with personality questionnaires, at Week 1 and Week 7 of a Fire Academy. Cardiovascular fitness was assessed via 1.5-mile run, muscular endruance was assessed via YMCA bench press, 60-second push-up and 60-second sit-ups, power was assessed via vertical jump, and flexibility was assessed via sit and reach. Personality was assessed via self-report questionairres via the Preference for and Tolerance of Exercise Intensity Questionnaire and the International Personality Item Pool. Physical fitness mediated the relationship between preference and firefighter ability. Tolerance of exercise intensity and extraversion were not significantly related to fitness or ability. These findings suggest that personality, particularly exercise preference, influences firefighter ability through its impact on physical fitness levels. Understanding these relationships could inform firefighter recruitment, training, and health promotion strategies to optimize occupational performance and reduce injury risk. Personality assessments offer a quick and budget-friendly method to predict potential performance, making them valuable tools in the selection and development of firefighting personnel. Ultimately, leveraging these insights may lead to more effective firefighting teams, enhanced job performance, and improved overall health and safety outcomes for firefighters in their demanding profession
Comparative Analysis of Foreign Direct Investment in Serbia and North Macedonia
No full textIn recent decades, foreign direct investment has been gaining significant importance in the Western Balkans region. This paper analyzes foreign direct investment and the factors that influence their attraction, as well as the investment environment in the Western Balkans region, with a special focus on the Serbia and North Macedonia. Macroeconomic stability, a favorable business climate, Serbia’s agreements on free trade with other countries, as well as the arrival of Russians and Ukrainians to Serbia due to the war in Ukraine, are cited as the main reasons for the record level of investments in Serbia in 2022. The European Union is still the leader in direct foreign investments in Serbia. On the other hand, North Macedonia lags in attracting foreign direct investments. North Macedonia registered the biggest drop in foreign investments in the region in the pandemic year 2020, which can be confirmed according to the data published by the UN Conference on Trade and Development. The paper consists of three separate parts. The first and second parts analyze foreign direct investment trends in the period 2010-2022 in the Republic of Serbia and North Macedonia. The third part of the paper analyzes opportunities for improving the investment environment of these countries and Western Balkan region, and possibilities to attract investments that will have positive effects on the well-being of people and communities. Finally, the concluding considerations of the authors are given. The applied methodology consists of several qualitative research techniques, such as analysis, syntheses, and comparative analyses
Global issues and local solutions from hydrologic and water diplomacy perspective for transboundary river basins resilience to water related hazards and risks
No full textDue to its nature and significance for society, the great number of global issues and solutions at the local level are more or less water related. Contemporary water management complexity drivers are blend of natural and human generated phenomena and processes. There is evidence-based increase in water related hazards and resulting disasters. Despite some similarities regarding local solutions for global issues, their implementation without comprehensive evaluation of local specific conditions and features will have adverse effects on their applicability and efficiency. At the transboundary river basin integrated water management complexity is multiplied du to different national priorities and strategic goals, natural features diversity in upper, middle and lover part of the river basin, stakeholders opposite interests, etc. Water related disaster risk management beyond administrative and national boundaries requires cooperation among different sectors, stakeholders to sustain resilience to hazards. This paper presents the role of water diplomacy in
selection of measures at the local level to combat water related global issues for the selected international river basin
Биљка расковник у српској традицији и култури
No full textАпстракт: Циљ рада је да се мултидисциплинарним приступом, кроз примену етноботаничког, културолошког, лингвистичког и литерарног аспекта, истражи значење биљке расковник у српској традицији. Расковник, Laserpitium L. (Apiaceae) обухвата око двадесет вишегодишњих зељастих и ароматичних биљних врста. Најчешћа врста је Laserpitium siler L., или расковник (синоним: Siler montanum Crantz), расте углавном на стеновитим ливадама на надморској висини од око 1400 метара на субмеридионалним планинским појасима централне Европе. Корен ове врсте интензивно се сакупља у источној Србији због својих „чудотворних моћи“, верујући да може лечити неплодност. Горки биљни препарати корена и ризома L. siler широко се користе у лечењу гастроинтестиналних тегоба. Болести срца, туберкулозе, реуматизма и као диуретици. Од античких времена, свежи корен L. siler користио се на Балканском полуострву за лечење катаракте и као противотров код уједа змије. Чудотворне моћи делимично су се приписивале облику подземног дела биљке, за који се каже да подсећа на фигуру човека.
Вук Караџић у другом издању Српског рјечника из 1852. године за расковник пише да то може бити измишљена трава којој се приписују посебна својства. Овај Рјечник индикативан је због свог енциклопедијског карактера, са елементима различитих речника (дијалекатског, фразеолошког и речника синонима), а на основу њега могу се потврдити истраживања о распрострањеном веровању у магијску моћ рећи. Са лингвостилистичке стране, може се објаснити „спрега гласовно подударне лексике“ у самом називу расковник. Назив је у етимолошкој вези са глаголом „ковати“, тј. раскивати (отварање сваке браве).
У раду се такође истражује појава ове биљке као мотива или симбола у српској књижевности, од народних приповедања до приповедака 20. века. Нарочита пажња биће посвећена објашњењу двоструке симболике расковника у причи Борисава Станковића „Биљарица“ из збирке Божји људи (1902): од флоралне симболике потраге биљке магијске моћи, којом се према народном предању може све откључати, нарочито благо, до симболике којом потрага постаје самој себи циљ – она је смисао живота насловне јунакиње. Размотриће се, осим флоралне, и анимална симболика, тј. улога „чувара“ тајанствене биљке расковник, коју Биљарица упорно тражи испод језика корњача.15. конгрес историчара медицине "Осамсто година српске медицине" манастир Свети Прохор Пчињски, 10-14. јун 2024. годин
Sadržaj proteina u zrnu heljde (Fagopyrum esculentum Moench) u uslovima različite gustine setve
No full textIstraţivanje je obuhvatalo 12
genotipova i tri gustine setve (80, 120 i 160 zrna m-2), a sprovedeno je
tokom dve godine (2016. i 2017.), u tri ponavljanja. Sadrţaj proteina zrna
odreĊen je po Kjeldahl - u, u proseĉnom uzorku, iz sva tri ponavljanja, za
svaki genotip pojedinaĉno. Proseĉan sadrţaj proteina u zrnu iznosio je
9,02% i varirao je, u zavisnosti od genotipa, od 8,35% (P 10) do 9,55%
(NS). U prvoj godini ispitivanja, proteini u zrnu su se kretali od 8,23% (P
9) do 10,30% (NS), sa proseĉnom vrednošću 9,27%. Tokom 2017.,
proseĉna vrednost ove osobine bila je 8,77%, a pojedinaĉno, vrednsoti su
se kretrale od 7,90% (Bamby) do 9,77% (P 6). Razlike koje su registrovane
u razliĉitim gustinama setve, izmeĊu pojedinaĉnih, u godinama istraţivanja, i proseĉnih vrednosti, nisu bile statistiĉki znaĉajne. Sadrţaj
proteina u zrnu je pod jaĉim uticajem faktora spolajšnje sredine nego
genotipa i gustine setve. Interakcija genotip × spoljašnja sredina ostvarila
je znaĉajan uticaj na ekspresiju ove osobine. Rezultate o variranju
vrednosti sadrţaja proteina u zrnu heljde i prirodi ovog svojstva bi trebalo
uvaţiti pri kreiranju oplemenjivaĉkih programa na heljdi, imajući u vidu
njegovu vaţnost za ukupan kvalitet zrna i ulogu heljde u konceptu odrţive
poljoprivrede.Nacionalni nauĉni skup s međunarodnim uĉešćem Biotehnologija i savremeni pristup u gajenju i oplemenjivanju bilja, Smederevska Palanka, 6. novembar 2024. godin
Development of the defense system in the period between the two world wars
No full textThe paper describes the development of the defense system in theperiod between the first and second world wars as a significant period that left aspecial significance in the development of armed forces both in the world and inour country. The period of the Cold War is particularly noteworthy as a significantperiod in the development of the defense system
Безбедносна диллема и спољна политика земаља Источне Европе у контексту Украјинске кризе
No full textСтабилност курса унутрашње и спољне политике директно зависи
од унутрашње, регионалне, па и глобалне безбедности. Успостављање јасног спољно-
-политичког правца захтева дугорочна/стратешка партнерства, извесне и позитивне
безбедносно-политичке прилике у окружењу, што је посебно отежано у динамичном
геополитичком окружењу какав је простор Источне Европе. Честа промена спољно-
-политичких праваца држава Источне Европе резултат је сукоба међусобно искључивих геостратешких интереса и претензија у различитим историјско-политичким
контекстима, што је често водило кризним, па и конфликтним мометима. Неповољне
безбедносне прилике на простору Источне Европе које су условљене актуелним сукобом у Украјини подстакли су безбедносну дилему, чији су ефекти убрзо забележени
у свим друштвеним областима. Имајући то у виду, предмет овог рада је истраживање
и критичка анализа безбедносне дилеме као фактора спољно-политичког деловања
у контексту украјинског конфликта која обухвата, како дугорочне/стратешке, тако
и краткорочне правце, те регионалне и глобалне политичке циљеве земаља Источне
Европе. Из предмета анализе изузете су земље Источне Европе које су непосредне
учеснице Украјинског сукоба: Руска Федерација и Украјина, а фокус ће бити на процени спољно-политичких праваца деловања земаља поменуте регије.The stability of the course of internal and foreign policy directly depends on internal, regional
and even global security. Establishing a clear foreign policy direction requires long-term/strategic partnerships, certain and positive security-political opportunities in the environment, which is especially
difficult in the dynamic geopolitical environment such as Eastern Europe. Frequent changes in the
foreign policy directions of Eastern European countries are the result of conflicts between mutually
exclusive geostrategic interests and pretensions in different historical-political contexts, which often
led to crisis and even conflict moments. Unfavorable security conditions in Eastern Europe caused
by the current conflict in Ukraine fueled a security dilemma, the effects of which were soon felt in all
social spheres. Bearing that in mind, the subject of this paper is the research and critical analysis of the
security dilemma as a factor of foreign policy action in the context of the Ukrainian conflict, which includes both long-term (strategic) and short-term directions, as well as regional and global political
goals of the countries of Eastern Europe. The countries of Eastern Europe that are direct participants
in the Ukrainian conflict were excluded: the Russian Federation and Ukraine, and the focus was on the
evaluation of the foreign policy directions of action of the countries of the mentioned region.
All analyzed energetic, geographical, demographic, economic and political-security features of
Eastern Europe are a suitable basis and, directly or indirectly, affect the realization of certain securitythreatening phenomena, among which are certainly the most dangerous military threats, which have
the potential to spread and intensify. The reactivation of the security and defense dilemma, which was
actualized after the military intervention of the Russian Federation in Ukraine, put the countries of Eastern Europe under the microscope and put their external political direction to the test. However, it is
clear that the countries of this region do not have absolutely mutually compatible foreign policy goals
and interests in those areas where it is necessary to protect their national values. While the majority
inconsistent countries decide to prioritize their own national security, the majority consistent countries,
by helping Ukraine, actively participate in maintaining and strengthening the regional security dilemma