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The comparison of electrochemical properties of ZnMn2O4 and ZnCr0.15Mn1.85O4 in an aqueous solution of ZnCl2
No full textAs commercial Li-ion batteries are chiefly composed of a toxic and flammableelectrolyte, as well as that Li itself is also toxic and not economical for widespreaduse due to its rare metal nature, the aim of this work is to create an aqueous Zn-ionbattery that contains the same cathode material as used in Li-ion batteries. Thematerials ZnMn2O4 and ZnCr0.15Mn1.85O4 were synthesized through glycine nitratecombustion. The initial material ZnMn2O4 was doped with Cr3+ in order to diminishJan-Teller distortion which prevents of Zn2+ ions to fully intercalate into theiroriginal sites of crystal lattice. The materials were characterized by X-ray powderdiffraction (XRPD) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM), while theelectrochemical properties were examined through cyclic voltammetry in aqueoussolutions of ZnCl2. The capacities obtained for the cyclic voltamogrammes recordedat 10 mVs-1 and 50 mVs-1 showed that cathode capacities for ZnMn2O4 amounted tobe 12.4 mAhg-1 for 10 mVs-1, as well as 4.8 mAhg-1 for 50 mVs-1. TheZnCr0.15Mn1.85O4 demonstrated 45.3 mAhg-1 for 10 mVs-1, as well as 12.6 mAhg-1for 50 mVs-1. The results obtained for the capacities of the original and dopedmaterial indicate that doping with Cr2+ partly diminishes the Jan Teller effect andfacilitates the intercalation of Zn2+ ions
BIOACTIVITY AND PALATABILITY OF YOGURT ENHANCED WITH GABA-PRODUCING STRAIN AND INDUSTRIAL WASTE FROM MEDICINAL MUSHROOM
No full textRisks in honey production and its quality shown at the example of honey produced in a national park
No full textBiological Potential of Alternative Kombucha Beverages Fermented on Essential Oil Distillation By-Products
No full textThe complete waste streams (solid waste residue, wastewater, and hydrolate) from the essential oil production of basil, chamomile, lavender, rosemary, and hyssop plants were used as a cultivation media for fermentations of a health-beneficial beverage called kombucha. Considering that these waste streams have not been used as a medium for obtaining kombucha, the main focus of this study was on the biological profiling and sensory analysis of newly-obtained kombucha beverages. According to fermentation parameters and advanced mathematical modelling, it can be concluded that kombucha made from chamomile essential oil by-products achieved the fastest successful kombucha fermentation, with a maximal titratable acidity of 7.2 g/L and a minimal pH value of 2.8. The results of other kombucha fermentations varied between the chosen plant and the waste stream used for beverage production. The obtained phenol and flavonoid contents were in the range of 12.4-56.46 mg GA/100 mL and 0.25-5.07 mg RU/100 mL, respectively. Higher antioxidant capacity as well as anti-inflammatory and antihyperglycemic activities of all kombucha beverages were observed compared to controls. Briefly, achieved DPPH, ABTS, and reducing power values were in the range 30.28-73.70, 192.25-683.29, and 19.37-82.76 mmol TE/100 mL, respectively. According to sensory analysis, the best performance or complete acceptability was noted for kombucha beverages made from lavender and hyssops (in the case of solid waste stream mixed with hydrolate) as well as basil (in the case of concentrated wastewater and hydrolate)
Roles of Medicinal Mushrooms as Natural Food Dyes and Dye-Sensitised Solar Cells (DSSC): Synergy of Zero Hunger and Affordable Energy for Sustainable Development
No full textIn 2015, approximately 195 countries agreed with the United Nations that by 2030, they would work to make the world a better place. There would be synergies in accomplishing the 17 Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). Synergy using a single sustainable resource is critical to assist developing nations in achieving the SDGs as cost-effectively and efficiently possible. To use fungal dye resources, we proposed a combination of the zero hunger and affordable energy goals. Dyes are widely used in high-tech sectors, including food and energy. Natural dyes are more environment-friendly than synthetic dyes and may have medicinal benefits. Fungi are a natural source of dye that can be substituted for plants. For example, medicinal mushrooms offer a wide range of safe organic dyes that may be produced instantly, inexpensively, and in large quantities. Meanwhile, medicinal mushroom dyes may provide a less expensive choice for photovoltaic (PV) technology due to their non-toxic and environmentally friendly qualities. This agenda thoroughly explains the significance of pigments from medicinal mushrooms in culinary and solar PV applications. If executed effectively, such a large, unwieldy and ambitious agenda may lead the world towards inclusive and sustainable development
Nature and chemistry of bioactive components of wild edible mushrooms
No full textMushrooms have been used in traditional medicine for centuries, although only relatively recently they have become a subject of intensive studies as a source of potential drugs and products that could be used in the treatment of many disorders. Mushroom-forming fungi are shown to produce a vast number of unique metabolites that exhibit various biological effects; these include polysaccharides, terpenoids, polyketides, and amino compounds. The most studied use of mushrooms is for cancer treatment; mushrooms are a source of both compounds with direct antitumor effect, as well as immunomodulating polysaccharides (particularly ß-glucans), which have been shown to stimulate the host's immune system and immunological response to cancer cells. Glucan-based mushroom products, such as lentinan from Lentinula edodes and PSK from Trametes versicolor, are clinically proven to be beneficial in the treatment of certain cancer types. Mushrooms are also known to be a source of potent cytotoxic compounds, such are illudins, clitocine, and ganoderic acids. As microbial resistance to antibiotics is becoming more and more prevalent, mushrooms are seen as a good source of new classes of compounds with antimicrobial activity, some of which, such as pleuromutilin, have led to the synthesis of new drugs that have been recently approved for use in humans. Psychedelic mushrooms and psilocybin have also been studied as breakthrough therapies for depression. Mushroom consumption has been associated with beneficial effects on sugar and lipid metabolism, which led to increased interest in research of mushroom product use in the treatment of metabolic disorders. Although mushrooms are often presumed to be a rich source of certain compounds with vitamin activity, this may not be the case. However, mushroom production can be manipulated to obtain higher yields of physiologically active compounds, such as vitamin D
Output prediction model for twelve primal and commercial cuts from pork carcasses [Zusammenfassung Modell zur Vorhersage der Schlachtausbeute von Schweinehälften sowie deren Teilstücke nach der Zerlegung]
No full textDeveloped empirical models for the assessment of total lean meat percentage and weight of pork carcass halves, according to data of the total lean meat percentage, total lean meat content and total cold carcass weight were a reasonable fit to the experimental data and successfully predicted the percentages of pork primais (ham, loin, neck, head and cheek - HAC, front shank and front foot - FSFF, hind shank and hind foot - HSHF, tenderloin - TEN, shoulder, jowl, belly, ventral part of the belly 1 - VPB1 and ventral part of the belly 2 - VPB2). A total of 455 experimentally obtained data points were used to build a prediction model. The ANN model, based on the Broyden-Fletcher-Goldfarb-Shanno iterative algorithm, showed good prediction capabilities. The overall R-squared values during training, testing, and validation cycles for the before-mentioned output variables were as follows: 0.823, 0.749, 0.789, 0.836, 0.551, 0.868, 0.808, 0.857, 0.829, 0.483, 0.756 and 0.574, respectively
A novel and effective natural product-based immunodetection tool for TNT-like compounds
No full textThis study aimed to develop a fast and reliable protocol for Trinitrophenol-Tris(hydroxymethyl)aminomethane (TNP-Tris) detection applying a beta-lactamase-fusion protein of choice, the natural product-based immunoreagent tool of competitive sensitivity developed herein for the first time. Since the fusion protein 11B3-scFv-beta-lactamase is constructed from a scFv-antibody (11B3) linked to an enzyme (beta-lactamase), the step related to the use of secondary antibody in the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) is completely omitted. Indeed, this fusion protein itself serves both as binding mean of the antigen model and detecting agent, due to the presence of the naturally occurring enzyme. In such a way, it actually affords the one-step TNP-Tris detection reaching a promising LOD value of 45 +/- 2 fmol or 157 +/- 6 pg/mL. Taken all together, the current protocol does represent much cheaper and significantly less-time consuming alternative compared both to the recombinant antibodies and recombinant phages, previously designed means in our labs for the same purpose. [GRAPHICS]
Chemometric Approach to Pesticide Residue Analysis in Surface Water
No full textDimethachlor is an herbicide used for oilseed rape protection. Previous studies have demonstrated its high mobility in the soil, which could lead to water contamination. This research aimed to determine the occurrence of dimethachlor and its metabolites (dimethachlor ethanesulfonic acid ESA and dimethachlor oxalamic acid OA) in surface water using a recently developed analytical method. This article is one of the first to document dimethachlor and its metabolites' presence in surface water samples. The samples were collected from the Danube river and Tisza river. The quantitative determination of dimethachlor and its metabolites in the obtained extracts was done by high-performance liquid chromatography. Descriptive statistical methods, including correlation analysis, cluster analysis, and principal component analyses, were utilized to analyze method validation experimental results. In addition, the artificial neural network (ANN) model was applied as an optimization tool. The developed ANN model adequately predicted observed variables, suggesting the optimum results were obtained at a pH value 7, spike value 1, and injection volume equal to 0.5 mu L. The average concentrations in Danube River samples were 1.51 mu g/L for OA 0.01 mu g/L for ESA, and 0.63 mu g/L for DMC, while the average concentrations of chloroacetanilide herbicides detected in Tisza River samples were 1.43 mu g/L for OA, 0.08 mu g/L for ESA and 1.82 mu g/L for DMC
Isopiestic determination of osmotic coefficients in the ionic strength range I-m = (0.9670-2.2160) mol.kg(-1) and activity coefficients determined by electromotive force measurements in the range I-m = (0.0897-1.0054) mol.kg(-1) of the {yKCl + (1-y) K2HPO
No full textThe mean activity coefficients of KCl in the ternary system {y KCl + (1 - y) K2HPO4}(aq) were experimen-tally determined at T = (298.15 +/- 0.01) K by the electromotive force measurement (EMF method) using the cell of the type, K-ISEjKCl(m(KCl)), K2HPO4(m(K2HPO4))jAg|AgCl (ISE = ion-selective electrode), in the range of total ionic strength of the solution I-m = (0.10 to 1.00) mol.kg(-1) at different ionic strength fractions of KCl being y = (0.1011; 0.1997; 0.3016; 0.4027; 0.5006; 0.6018; 0.7018; 0.8051; 0.8988; 1). In addition, the osmotic coefficients of the system have been measured at the same temperature by the isopiestic vapor pressure method over the range of ionic strengths from (0.96698 to 2.21602) mol.kg(-1) using KCl (aq) as the reference solution, at ionic strength fractions of KCl being y = (0.2063; 0.3849; 0.6099; 0.8011; 1). Values of the mean ionic activity coefficients of KCl and osmotic coefficients in the system {yKCl+(1-y)K2HPO4}(aq) were treated by an extended form of Pitzer's ion-interaction model, Scatchard's neutral-electrolyte model and Clegg-Pitzer-Brimblecombe's equations based on the mole-fraction-composition scale. All three models gave similar quality representations of both sets of experi-mental results. There are two sets of previously published isopiestic data that were taken into consider-ation during treatment. The model parameters were fitted and optimized to all available thermodynamic data from EMF and isopiestic measurements to obtain an accurate and self-consistent description of properties and to form a set of parameters that can be used in a wide range of ionic strength of the sys-tem. The standard deviation of the fit for the ionic strength range from I-m = (0.0897 to 10.4350) mol.kg(-1) with two optimized mixing parameters of Pitzer's model without higher-order electrostatic terms was for the mean ionic activity coefficients of KCl and osmotic coefficients, s.d. (y(+/-)) = 3.5.10(-3) and s.d. (Phi) ) = 4.7.10(-3) respectively, with two optimized mixing parameters of the Scatchard model standard devi-ations were s.d. (y(+/-)) = 4.9.10(-3) and s.d. (Phi)) = 5.0.10-3 and with Clegg-Pitzer-Brimblecombe's model higher-order electrostatic terms not included, standard deviations were s.d. (y(+/-)) = 4.2.10(-3) and s.d. (Phi) ) = 4.8.10(-3)