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Fluorimetry in the Strong-Coupling Regime: From a Fundamental Perspective to Engineering New Tools for Tracing and Marking Materials and Objects
No full textUnder exceptional circumstances, light and molecules bond together, creating new hybrid light-matter states with far-reaching consequences for these strongly coupled entities. The present article describes the quantum-mechanical foundation of strong-coupling and experimental evidence for molding the radiation properties of nanoprobes by strong-coupling. When applied to tracing and marking, the new fluorometry technique proposed here, which harnesses strong-coupling, has a triple advantage compared to its classical counterparts such as DNA tracing. It is fast, and its signal-to-noise ratio can be improved by spectral filtering; moreover, it reveals a specific quantum signature of the strong-coupling, which is extremely difficult to reproduce classically, thereby opening the door to new anti-counterfeiting strategies
Chemical Composition, Nutritive and Nutraceutical Potential of Coriander
No full textCoriander (Coriandrum sativum L.) is a multipurpose herb, vegetable, spice and medicinal plant. Its leaves, also called cilantro, are a rich source of vitamins and minerals. They have a specific aroma which resembles bedbugs; nevertheless, they are mostly added to chutneys, salads, and soups or used for preparation of a fresh juice, etc. Ripe seeds have significantly different taste compared to leaves, with citrus overtones, due to essential oils rich in linalool. Important constituents of seeds are proteins and lipids (especially petroselinic acid, monounsaturated omega-12 fatty acid). Seeds could be used as a condiment in pickle spices, seasonings, curry powders, sausages, cakes, pastries, biscuits and buns, beverages, etc. Both leaves and seeds accumulate secondary metabolites, terpenes and phenolics, which possess many pharmacological activities, such as: antioxidant, antimicrobial, anticancer, antihyperglycemic, anti-hyperlipidemic, anti-spasmodic and act as a hepatoprotectant. This indicates that coriander can be used as a nutraceutical, a food and a potential remedy for various health issues
The effect of osmotic treatment on cannabidiol (cbd) and tetrahydrocannabinol (thc) content in industrial hemp
No full textTwo major cannabinoids are present in Cannabis plants. The first one is a psychoactive cannabinoid substance (-)-trans-Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol, wellknown as THC, based on which medicinal cannabis is categorized as a prohibited narcotic. The other one is cannabidiol (CBD), presented specifically in hemp. CBD is familiar as a pharmacologically active substance, and its application is becoming increasingly important in medicine. Many studies testify to osmotic treatment’s success in removing water from different plant and other materials. Sugar beet molasses has proven to be an efficient osmotic solution in water removal, nutritional enrichment, food safety and quality aspects. The use of a mild temperature regime to preserve plant tissue and nutritional values is one of this process’s advantages. This work is concerned with determining the effect of the drying temperature on CBD and THC content after the osmotic treatment (OT) compared to the natural drying at ambient temperature. Osmotic treatment of three different industrial hemp types (DZ1, DZ2 and DZ3) was performed in sugar beet molasses solution (80%), under atmospheric pressure, for 1.5 hours, at 20, 35 and 500C with the sample to solution ratio 1: 20. The principal component analysis (PCA) has been used operatively for better visualization and the samples’ differentiation. The optimization of OT was performed using artificial neural networks (ANN). The optimization of the output variables was based on the ANN model. The reduction in CBD and THC content is to a greater extent during osmotic treatment than in natural drying, mainly decreased with increasing solution temperature. However, the positive aspect is a more significant reduction in psychoactive substance in comparison to natural drying. The temperature of 35 0 C and sample DZ2 gave optimal experimental results of 4.266 ± 0.168 and 0.138 ± 0.006 μg/g for CBD and THC, respectfully. It can be concluded that OT of all hemp samples resulted in a decrease of both CBD and THC content, although the positive aspect is a more significant reduction in psychoactive substance than after natural drying
Horned Melon Pulp, Peel, and Seed: New Insight into Phytochemical and Biological Properties
No full textArtificial neural intelligence was established for the estimation, prediction, and optimization of many agricultural and food processes to enable enhanced and balanced utilization of fresh and processed fruits. The predictive capabilities of artificial neural networks (ANNs) are evaluated to estimate the phytochemical composition and the antioxidant and antimicrobial activity of horned melon (Cucumis metuliferus) pulp, peel, and seed. Using multiobjective optimization, the main goals were successively achieved through analysis of antimicrobial potential against sensitive microorganisms for peel (Bacillus cereus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Aspergillus brasiliensis, and Penicillium aurantiogriseum), pulp (Salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serotype Typhimurium), and seed samples (Saccharomyces cerevisiae and Candida albicans), and its connection with phytochemical and nutritional composition and antioxidant activity. The highly potent extracts were obtained from peels which represent a waste part with strong antioxidant and antifungal capacity. Briefly, the calculated inhibition zone minimums for sensitive microorganisms were 25.3-30.7 mm, while the optimal results achieved with carotenoids, phenolics, vitamin C, proteins, lipids, DPPH, ABTS, and RP were: 332.01 mg beta-car/100 g, 1923.52 mg GAE/100 g, 928.15 mg/100 g, 5.73 g/100 g, 2.3 g/100 g, 226.56 mu mol TE/100 g, 8042.55 mu mol TE/100 g, and 7526.36 mu mol TE/100 g, respectively. These results imply the possibility of using horned melon peel extract as an antioxidant and antifungal agent for food safety and quality
The effect of various extraction techniques on the quality of sage (Salvia officinalis L.) essential oil, expressed by chemical composition, thermal properties and biological activity
No full textIn this study, influence of the extraction techniques on the quality of the sage essential oil was investigated. Obtained samples were analyzed for chemical composition by GC/MS, thermal properties by thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), and for biological activity: antioxidant (DPPH, CUPRAC, FRAP, ABTS, HRSA and TBARS), microbiological (Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, Bacillus subtilis, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Candida albicans, and Aspergillus niger), and cytotoxic (HeLa, LS-174, A549 and MRC-5) activities. Chemical composition showed that viridiflorol was principal compound in all samples followed by camphor, thujones, and verticiol. MWD 400 W was the most potent antioxidant agent, D 200 W and MWD 400 W antimicrobial agents, while hydrodistallates (D 200 W and D 400 W) were the most potent cytotoxic agents. An artificial neural network model was developed for the antioxidant activity anticipation of analyzed samples. These models showed good prediction properties (the r2 value during training cycle for output variables was 0.998)
Two years study of Aspergillus metabolites prevalence in maize from the Republic of Serbia
No full textAspergillus species produce numerous metabolites, including mycotoxins, which prevalence in maize is a significant health and economic issue worldwide. The aim of this study was to investigate the prevalence of Aspergillus metabolites in 458 maize samples collected during 2016 and 2017 in the Republic of Serbia. Samples were analyzed by the liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry method. Among the 32 investigated Aspergillus metabolites 9 and 20 were detected in maize samples collected from 2016 and 2017, respectively. The metabolites with the greatest prevalence in 2016 were kojic acid (12%) and 3-nitropropionic acid (10%), while the most commonly detected metabolites in maize from 2017 were kojic acid (54%), 3-nitropropionic acid (44%), aflatoxin B1 (31%), and averufin (29%). Maize growing season in 2017 was characterized by higher deviations of air temperature and a smaller amount of precipitation, which resulted in a greater prevalence of Aspergillus metabolites in maize from 2017 (65%) in comparison to 2016 (23%). Novelty impact statement The main novelty of this study is achieved through the creation of unique database, based on the analysis of 32 Aspergillus metabolites in the great number of maize samples, collected in two different years in the Republic of Serbia. The created extensive database of Aspergillus metabolites is one of the few from this part of Europe, and it will contribute to significant improvement and upgrading of currently existing knowledge and information in this field
Comprehensive ablation study of near-IR femtosecond laser action on the titanium-based alloy Ti6Al4V: morphological effects and surface structures at low and high fluences
No full textThe surface of a titanium-based alloy Ti6Al4V was subjected to modifications by a near-IR femtosecond Ti:Sapphire laser, emitting at 775 nm pulses of 200 fs duration, in single-pulse and multipulse regimes, with up to 400 accumulated pulses, and pulse energies ranging from 2.5 to 250 mu J. The whole range of induced effects is presented, from gentle ablation and pattern occurrence to substantial crater formation. Very observable laser-induced parallel periodic surface structures are reported, appearing both within the damage spot area, with low fluences, and at the peripheries of the craters, with higher fluences-but also on crater walls, and inside the crater structures. Damage threshold fluences (F-th) and the incubation factor (zeta) were also determined
Polyphenolics and Chemical Profiles of Domestic Norwegian Apple (Malus x domestica Borkh.) Cultivars
No full textUsing modern analytical techniques, a comprehensive study of the chemical composition of fruits from apple cultivars grown in Western Norway during 2019 and 2020 was done. Metals, sugars, organic acids, antioxidant tests, and polyphenol content have been observed. In all investigated samples, the most dominant sugars were glucose, fructose, and sucrose. Among 11 tested organic acids, the dominant was malic acid, followed by citric and maleic acid. The most common metal was potassium, followed by magnesium and zinc. The quantification of polyphenols showed that among the 11 quantified polyphenols, chlorogenic acid, quercetin 3-O-rhamnoside, quercetin 3-O-glucoside, quercetin, and phlorizin were the most abundant. A detailed study of the polyphenolic profile of nine investigated apple samples provided 30 identified polyphenolic compounds from the class of hydroxybenzoic and hydroxycinnamic acids, flavonoids, and dihydrochalcones. In addition to the identified 3-O-caffeoylquinic acid, its two isomers of 5-O-caffeoylquinic acid and three esters were also found. Present polyphenols of the tested apples provided significant data on the quality of Norwegian apples, and they contribute to the distinguishing of these apple samples
Comparison of Volatile Compounds from Clary Sage (Salvia sclarea L. Verticillasters Essential Oil and Hydrolate
No full textThe volatile compounds of essential oil (EO) and corresponding bydrolate (HY) extracted by steam distillation from clary sage (Salvia sclarea L.) cv "Domada mirisna" grown in Seibia were identified using gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS). The most abundant compounds of EO were linalyl acetate (43.5%) and linalool (25.9%), followed by a-terpineol, gennacrene D, and geranyl acetate. In the corresponding HY (recovered water-soluble fraction of EO) the dominant were linalool (63.3%) and alpha-terpincol (26.8%), followed by geraniol. These differences in composition between clary sage EO and HY could be explained by linalyl acetate's low water solubility. Clustering of 55 clary sage EO accessions (from literature) shows the presence of several chemotypes: linalyl acetate+linalool, linalyl acetate+sclareol, linalool+gerany 1 acetate, germacrene D+beta-caryophy Ilene, caiyophy Ilene oxide, and three unspecified chemotypes (gerany 1 acetate, methyl chavicol, and alpha-terpineol). According to this classification, clary sage cv "Domada mirisna" belongs to a moderate linalyl acetate chemotype (between 19.8 and 45.7%). Further investigations need to focus on clary sage HY and their potential applications because HYs could increase economic gain as a by-product. However, their utilization for other purposes (cosmetic, postharvest fruit processing, organic agriculture, etc.) could be a safe solution for wastewater produced during EO distillation
Prediction of the Production of Separated Municipal Solid Waste by Artificial Neural Networks in Croatia and the European Union
No full textGiven that global amounts of waste are growing rapidly, it is extremely important to determine what amount of waste will be generated in the near future. Accurate waste forecasting is also important for planning and designing a sustainable municipal solid waste (MSW) management system. For that reason, there is a need to build a model to predict the amount of MSW generated in the near future. Based on previous research, artificial neural networks (ANN) show better results in predicting waste generation compared to other mathematical models. In this research, an ANN model using the iterative algorithm Broyden-Fletcher-Goldfarb-Shanno (BFGS) for the prediction of MSW fractions, based on the socio-demographic characteristics, economic and industrial data obtained in Croatia and summarized data of the member states of EU (EU-27 from 2020), showed good predictive capabilities. The coefficient of determination during the training cycle for the output variables; household and similar waste (HHS), paper and cardboard waste (PCW), wood waste (WW), textile waste (TW), plastic waste (PW) and glass waste (GW) were 0.993; 0.997; 0.999; 0.997; 0.998; and 0.998, respectively, while reduced chi-square, mean bias error, root mean square error, mean percentage error, average absolute relative deviation and sum of squared errors were found low. In this paper, Yoon ' s method of interpretation shows the relationships between socio-demographic data and the amount of generated waste. The results indicate that the lowest level of education shows a negative impact on observed waste-types calculations, with a relative impact between -9.889 and -4.467%. The most pronounced positive impact on the calculation of HHS, PCW, WW, TW, PW and GW was observed for year variable, gross domestic product, exports of goods and services, imports of goods and services, wages and salaries, secondary income, arrivals in collective accommodation establishments, overnight stays in collective accommodation establishments and exports of petroleum and petroleum products to partner countries, with a relative influence of 4.063-7.028; 2828-4851; 5240-6197; 5.308-6.341; 4290-4810; 4533-5805; and 4.345-4.493, respectively. The obtained results indicate that the amount of HHS waste at the EU-27 level in 2025 will decrease by approximately 18% compared to the data from 2018. The quantities of other observed recyclable types of waste will increase by 34% for PCW, 310% for WW, 40% for TW, 276% for PW and about 67% for GW. The amount of waste generated provides the basic information needed to plan, operate and optimize the waste management system. It could also help in the transition to an environmentally friendly and economically profitable circular economy. The model created in this research could also help with the system of separate waste collection, which would lead to more efficient recycling and the achievement of the set goals for recycling 55% of municipal waste by 2025