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Predicate appositive without direct syntactic connection with the predicate
No full textProvedena sintaksičko-semantička analiza predikatskog apozitiva (predikativnog atributa) pokazala je da se on u rečenicu ne mora uvoditi niti preko glagola u predikatu, niti preko supstantivne riječi u subjektu ili objektu, nego da se može realizovati i preko sintaksičke veze s glagolom u "subpredikatu", tj. može se uvoditi u rečenicu preko sekundarnog predikata izraženog glagolskim prilogom. Na taj način ostvaruje se sintagmatska veza dva kondenzatora rečeničnog značenja (glagolskog priloga i predikatskog apozitiva), s tim što samo jedan od ta dva kondenzatora (i to glagolski prilog) ima neposrednu sintaksičku i semantičku vezu s predikatom.A sentence constituent for which there is still no generally accepted term either in Slavic, Serbian or Serbo-Croatian linguistics, but which is most often referred to as the predicative attribute (predikat(iv)ni atribut), predicate appositive (predikatski apozitiv), current qualificator (aktuelni kvalifikativ), predicate adjunct (predikatni proširak) or attributive-adverbial modifier (atributsko-priloška odredba) (as represented by the adjective umoran (tired) in the sentence Marko je došao umoran [Marko came tired]), was a frequent topic of linguistic research in various languages. As early as at the end of the 19th century the German Neogrammarian Hermann Paul identified the two basic characteristics of this sentence constituent: a) it represents a reduced (condensed) sentence, and b) it establishes double subordination: towards the lexical word in the subject or the object of the sentence and towards the verb in the predicate. These two characteristics have never been questioned in numerous later grammar books and syntactic articles dealing with various Slavic and non-Slavic languages, but achieved the status of the necessary qualities of this sentence constituent. This paper shows how one of these characteristics - the one that is considered syntactically and semantically more important - and that is the relation between the predicate appositive with the predicate, is not the necessary feature of the realization of the predicate appositive. Contrary to the generally accepted view, this paper, for the first time in linguistic literature, proves that the predicate appositive does not have to be introduced into the simple sentence through the predicate. The necessary condition of its realization does not have to be the predicate (as claimed by all literature so far), but it can also be the present or perfect participle, as can be confirmed by the following illustrative examples: Šetajući jednog dana gladan kroz Central park u Njujorku, on [Rokfeler] pronadje dve jabuke opale sa stabla. (Walking one day hungry through Central Park in New York, he [Rokfeler]found two apples fallen fromt the tree.) (Momo Kapor); Videvši je tako bledu i uplakanu, Pip je pomislio: "Kaje se!" (Having seen her so pale and in tears, Pip thought: "She regrets it".) (Petar Pajić). Thus the predicate appositive does not necessarily establish the direct connection with the verb in the predicate, but can also be realized through the syntactic relation with the verb in the "subpredicate". This makes the syntagmatic connection of the two condensers of sentence meaning (the participle and the predicate appositive), where only one of them (and it is the participle) has the direct syntactic and semantic connection with the predicate. The paper gives a comprehensive syntactic and semantic analysis of these phrases with double condensers as constituents, resulting in the revision of some of the previously generally accepted views about not only the syntactic and semantic status of the predicate appositive in Slavic languages, but also about the (im)possibility of syntagmatic connecting of different types of condensers of sentence meaning
Česi u Srbiji - Nenad Karamijalković: Česi u Srbiji i Crnoj Gori i česi u Šumadiji, Kragujevac: Centar za kreativan razvoj 'Prsti', 2013
No full textNatalija Zlydneva: Koncept vešči v slavjanskih kul'turah - sbornik, Moskva, Institut slavjanovedenija RAN, 2012
No full textI verbi sintagmatici italiani e i loro equivalenti serbi
No full textIl presente contributo ha come oggetto l’analisi dei verbi sintagmatici italiani da un lato e i loro equivalenti serbi dall’altro. Nella prima parte vengono descritte le principali caratteristiche sintattiche e semantiche dei verbi sintagmatici italiani e nella seconda vengono individuate e analizzate le corrispondenti forme in serbo, il quale, a differenza dell’italiano, non possiede simili costruzioni verbali analitiche. Confrontando i verbi sintagmatici italiani con le loro traduzioni in serbo si giunge alla conclusione che a questo gruppo di verbi italiani corrispondono tre tipi di equivalenti serbi: 1) verbi prefissati, in cui il prefisso svolge un ruolo simile a quello della particella (tirare fuori ‘izvaditi’, mandare via ‘oterati’); 2) un unico verbo, il cui significato corrisponde al significato dell’intero verbo sintagmatico (buttare via ‘baciti’, fare fuori ‘ubiti’); 3) costruzioni che oltre al verbo contengono anche un altro elemento necessario per ricoprire il significato della particella (mandare dentro ‘strpati u zatvor’, essere via ‘biti odsutan’)
Human soul, the home of divinity: The internalization of the epiphany experience in the Aeschylus' Agamemnon and Euripides' Bacchae
No full textРад предочaва моделе интериоризације епифанијског искуства, која представља велики преокрет у имагинирању и предочавању божанства у античкој култури. Протодрамска напетост обележава рану, хомерску и хесиодску, епифанију, која поглавито подразумева сусрет смртника и
прерушеног божанског бића, разоткривеног тек након успостављања контакта, и која отуда почива на њиховој наизглед нестабилној, али заправо чврстој одељености. Античка трагедија превасходно представља структурацију
односа овостраности и оностраности – Есхилов Агамемнон и Еурипидове
Баханткиње, особито ликови Касандре и Пентеја приказују нови облик
тог односа, којим божанство улази у људско биће и дејствује не на њега из
спољашњости, већ на спољашњост из њега. Уз ту основну сличност, уочава
се, међутим, и кључна разлика између Есхиловог и Еурипидовог текста: у
Агамемнону, Аполон се налази у нутрини Касандре, али ипак је различит од
ње и препознаје се као амбигвитетна унутарња страност. У Баханткињама,
пак, долази до новог вида интериоризације, у коме смртник божански уплив
уопште не препознаје као страност, већ као сопство.This paper aims at giving an account of the models for featuring the epiphany experienced in the soul. The new, internal epiphany is a big turning point in imagining and presenting deities in the ancient Greek poetry. Proto-dramatic tension marks the early, Homeric and Hesiodic, epiphany presentations. The Attic tragedy, however, essentially develops and structures the internal epiphany, establishing a new relationship between the immanent world of mortals and the transcendent world of the immortals. Aeschylus' Agamemnon and Euripides' Bacchae, especially the characters of Cassandra and Pentheus, incorporate this new relationship: the deity enters into a human being and does not act on it from the outside, but, on the contrary, acts on the outside from the interior of the human being. The new idea of an internal, intra-psychical, deeply subjective and inter-personally imperceptible divine presence is a crossing point in the presentation and figuration of the gods in the ancient Hellenic culture. With this basic similarity, there is, however, a key difference between the Aeschylus' and the Euripides' tragedy: in Agamemnon, Apollo is located in the interior of Cassandra, but she differs from the god who occupies her inner being and she recognizes him as an ambiguous internal strangeness. The Bacchae, in turn, leads to such a form of internalized epiphany in which the mortal does not recognize the divine presence as a strangeness, but as a part of his own self - thus leading to a decomposition of the soul, with consequences both on the individual and on the anthropological level
Some types of introductory formulas in Greek klephtic (heroic) epic
No full textCertain types of introductory formulas typical of klephtic epic songs are synoptically demonstrated and analyzed. The introduction outlines the historical development of this category of folk songs, based on occasionally opposing views of literary historians and scholars concerned with the study of Greek folklore. The analysis, performed on a selected corpus of Greek klephtic epic songs, reveals basic structural principles that the anonymous folk singer abided by whilst composing these songs
Present participles and verbal adjectives in the confessions of Jean-Jacques Rousseau
No full textLa différence de sens grammatical opposant l'adjectif déverbal au participe présent est étudiée à travers l'analyse des faits statistiques concernant ces deux formes, puis en appliquant la typologie de McLure et Reed au corpus des adjectifs déverbaux dans les Confessions. L'approche prototypique montre, d'un côté, le rôle de la perception dans la production des adjectifs déverbaux, mais aussi, de l'autre, d'importantes différences de contenu sémantique d'un adjectif déverbal à l'autre. Nous proposons donc une classification syntaxique et sémantique des adjectifs déverbaux fondée sur les variations d'aspect lexical du verbe de base, qui postule les grandes étapes du mécanisme d'adjectivisation transformant le participe présent en adjectif déverbal.The domain of French verbal adjectives is presented as a continuum through the four possible phases of adjectivization of the present participle. The first phase presents a single activity in progress as a realization of a capacity (génération montante). The second transforms a repeated action into a characteristic of an entity. In the third phase, this repetition is no longer felt and has attained the status of quality. The final state of adjectivization is accessible particularly in verbal adjectives derived from stative verbs: here verbal semes are no longer active, and this unit has the status of a simple adjective. Such view of the French verbal adjective explains at the same time its closeness and its difference in regard to the present participle
Certains aspects de l'expression du futur en Français et en Serbe
No full textU radu poredimo temporalne upotrebe budućih vremena u srpskom i u francuskom jeziku. Polazeći od semantičkih definicija dvaju futura u srpskom i odgovarajućih francuskih budućih vremena, ukazujemo na sličnosti i na razlike u njihovim temporalnim upotrebama, kao i na faktore koji su u osnovi mogućih konkurentskih odnosa prostog futura i anteriornog futura u francuskom u poređenju sa srpskim budućim vremenima.Partant de la synonymie relative entre le futur I et le futur II dans certains contextes, notée pour le serbe par Miloš Kovačević, nous nous demandons ce qui rapproche et ce qui différencie les temps du futur en serbe de ceux en français. Nous proposons les définitions sémantiques des temps du futur dans les deux langues, pour faire des prédictions quant a leurs emplois. Nous arguons que le trait sémantique crucial devant étre pris en compte pour leur comparaison est le rapport du point de la perspective temporelle (P) au moment de la parole (S), ce rapport étant plus rigide en français qu’en serbe. La concurrence des deux futurs serbes tiendrait a un manque de rigidité entre P et S dans cette langue, ce qui expliquerait que des contextes modaux jouent un röle plus important dans l’explication de la dite concurrence en serbe. En français, par contre, la concurrence du futur simple et du futur antérieur semblerait dépendre plutöt de la possibilite d’affaiblir, dans certains cas, le trait résultatif inhérant au futur antérieur, afin de mettre en relief le cöté événementiel de son sémantisme présumé
Moć i dometi integralnog lingvostilističkog pristupa Povodom knjige Lingvostilistika književnog teksta Miloša Kovačevića
No full textSpace, verbal tenses, temporal prepositions
No full textIn this paper, we analyse and compare the parameters required for defining the semantics of the French temporal prepositions with those that constitute the basic semantics of French verbal tenses. We show that it is possible to describe the instructions of temporal prepositions with spatial predicates, which is in accordance with the Localistic hypothesis. On the other hand, verbal tenses cannot be reduced to the predicates used in the definitions of temporal prepositions, in spite of being semantically less complex. It is because the moment of speech, a central concept in the semantic structure of verbal tenses is not derivable from any spatial predicate and, in addition, does not play any role in the semantics of basic temporal prepositions (pendant-during, avant-before, apres-after). The last argument in favour of our thesis of the impossibility to reduce the semantics of verbal tenses to the semantics of temporal prepositions resides in the fact that the pragmatic treatment is compulsory exclusively in the interpretation of the first ones