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Romanian Language Literacy in Vojvodina and in Eastern Serbia. Premises and Consequences of Linguistic Languages and Political Dialects
No full textThe Romanian minority from Voivodina (Serbian Banat) and the Romanian minority from Eastern Serbia are linguistically, ethnically and culturally related communities. However, the policy of the dominant/majority culture wants to nurture them different identities. Although the Romanian idioms of both rural regions are of the same origin, in the first case (Vojvodina) literacy in their mother tongue was organized in 1933, as a result of a political agreement between Yugoslavia and Romania, while, in the second case (Eastern Serbia) it was not allowed until 2013. Therefore, while the Romanian minority from Voivodina is literate in their mother tongue (having been allowed to open schools, to have church service in Romanian, and a Printing house), the Romanian minority from Eastern Serbia was deprived of the fundamental human right to, at least, attend elementary school in their mother tongue. As a result, the Romanian idiom from Eastern Serbia has remained archaic, lacking in scientific terminology, and is being used only 'at home'. This population, renowned for its ancient traditions, especially 'spells' and 'magic', is considered undeveloped. As language is closely related to cognition, the impression of 'backwardness' is only the result of their being deprived of literacy in their mothertongue. Being compelled to attend school in Serbian, this population has been largely assimilated by the majority Serbian one. The parallel drawn between the linguistic and identity situation of the Romanian minority from Voivodina and the Romanian minority from Eastern Serbia reveals the important role politics plays in language and identity formation. For example, the Serbo-Croatian language does not officially exist anymore (R. Bugarski), and remained only a 'linguistic language' (although it is still practically spoken by the inhabitants of ex-Yugoslavia). The same goes for the Romanian idiom of Voivodina and Eastern Serbia, which remained linguistically the same Romanian language. As the Serbo-Croatian language dissipaded into various 'political dialects' (which bear the names of the newly-born states, resulted from the falling apart of ex-Yugoslavia), the Romanian idiom from Voivodina and from Eastern Serbia were also, practically, politically differenciated. Being deprived of the possibility to attend school in their mother tongue for so many decades, the Romanian population from Eastern Serbia has been lately 'rediscovered' with a 'new' linguistic and ethnic Serbian identity. The recently published textbooks for the children of Eastern Serbia (as a consequence of the EU premises regarding minority populations rights) only maintain and lreflect the artificially created opposition between Romanian as a linguistic language and the 'new' political dialects, which are not the result of the falling apart of a country, but within the same country, by means of its cultural policy. This paper analyses the premises and consequences of this kind of discrimination in education in one's mother tongue, and the identity issues of these minority populations, whose mother tongue is the Romanian language
Настава руског језика и књижевности на Катедри за источне и западне словенске језике и књижевности у периоду од 1945. до 1950. године
No full textУ раду се на основу доступне литературе и архивске грађе приказује настава руског језика и књижевности на Катедри за источне и западне словенске језике Филозофског факултета Универзитета у Београду у првим годинама после Другог светског рата. Циљ је да се настава у посматраном периоду опише у целовитости, те се стога у раду анализирају наставни план Катедре и уџбеници коришћени у настави, а даје се и преглед наставних и ваннаставних активности студената и наставника. Како је у посматраном периоду дошло до изгласавања Резолуције Информбироа, којом су прекинути сви односи између Југославије и Совјетског Савеза, у раду се наводи како се дата околност одразила на рад Катедре и статус руског језика као наставног предмета на Универзитету у Београду
Српско-француске просветне везе у периоду 1936–1940
No full textРад, настао на основу архивских података о просветним везама бивше Југославије са Француском у периоду од 1936. до 1940. године који се чувају у Архиву Југославије, има за циљ да покаже да, упркос чињеници (или управо услед ње) што се у периоду непосредно пред Други светски рат Француска и Југославија удаљавају на политичко-економском плану
услед јачања утицаја сила Осовине на Балкану, пријатељско-културне и просветне везе, особито оснажене за време Првог светског рата, остају интензивне, плодне и разноврсне. Те везе остварују се првенствено посредством стипендија које француска и југословенска влада одобравају страним студентима, а чији ће корисници представљати језгро интелектуалних
кругова, затим путем многобројних културних удружења, те виших и високих институција које организују гостујућа предавања, свечаности, курсеве језика и стручно усавршавање професора
Near east: The cradle of libraries
No full textU radu je dat sumaran pregled sistema i materijala za pisanje kod naroda drevnog Bliskog istoka, da posluži kao osnova za detaljnije predstavljanje najznačajnijih dometa u organizovanju i vođenju zbirki pisanih dokumenata - preteča savremenih arhiva i biblioteka. Arheološka iskopavanja, izučavanja jezika i tekstološke analize materijala nađenog na tlu nekadašnjih sumerskih gradova, Akađanskog, Vavilonskog, Asirskog i Hetitskog carstva, eblaitskih, ugaritskih i feničanskih naseobina, rađeni tokom 19. i 20. veka, umnogome su obogatili istoriju biblioteka. Pokušaji efikasnog organizovanja pisane građe sreću se još krajem trećeg milenijuma pre naše ere. Obim pisarske aktivnosti, raznovrsnost i korišćenje tekstova uveli su u upotrebu inventare, rudimentarne kataloge i podele po stručnim grupama, praksu korišćenja kustoda i sastavljanja kolofona u rukopisima; najstarija biblioteka kojoj se zna tačno mesto i vreme postojanja, kao i sastav fonda je kraljevska biblioteka u Ebli (2500-2250. godine p.n.e); najstarija pločica za koju se smatra da predstavlja bibliotečki katalog, nastala je oko 2000. godine p.n.e, a nađena je u ruševinama sumerskog grada Nipura; prvi poznati osnivač biblioteke je asirski kralj Tiglat-Pilasar Prvi (12. vek p.n.e) - što sve govori o velikoj starosti biblioteka, ali i o njihovoj ukorenjenosti u kulturni model određenih naroda.The paper gives a brief overview of systems and materials for writing used by people of the ancient Near East, as the basis for more detailed presentation of the most important achievements in organizing and managing collections of written documents - antecedents of modern archives and libraries. Archaeological excavations, language studying and textological analyses of materials found on the territory of the former Sumerian cities, the Akkadian, Babylonian, Assyrian and Hittite empires and the Eblaite, Ugaritic and Phoenician settlements, done in the 19th and 20th centuries, have greatly enriched the history of libraries. There were certain attempts to efficiently organize the written materials back at the end of the third millennium BC. Scope of scribal activity, along with diversity and usage of texts, have led to the appearance of inventories, rudimentary catalogues and classification according to professional fields, practice of using catchwords and colophons in manuscripts... All the libraries of the ancient Near East, known nowadays, were rulers' libraries (whether they were built in imperial palaces or temples of gods), with the exception of those in Ugarit that belonged to the supreme priests or high court officials. The oldest library, reliably known of, was on the territory of Syria, formed in the Royal Palace of Ebla and destroyed in the fire in 2250 BC. However, the biggest and probably the most developed library originated in this cultural circle, was the royal library of the Assyrian king Ashurbanipal from the 7th century BC. The oldest tablet considered to be the library catalogue, dates from around 2000 BC, and was found in the ruins of the Sumerian city of Nippur; the first known founder of a library is the Assyrian king Tiglath-pileser I (12th century BC) - which, all together, testifies to the age of libraries, but also to their rootedness in the cultural models of certain nations
