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Поетика простора у теорији књижевности Данијеле Ходрове
No full textСтудија настоји да представи примарно интересовање еминентне чешке теоретичарке књижевности, Данијеле Ходрове, за истраживање појма простора у вези са којим је написала неколико веома значајних дела, попут обимне монографије о простору града – Citlivé město, и неколицину других књига. Осим теоријског рада, обележеног ауторкиним радом у Институту за чешку књижевност Чешке академије, Ходрова је написала и неколико романа. Као веома плодна списатељица, становишта изнесена у бројним студијама она примењује на текстове својих романа, што је у овом раду било илустровано. Осим тога, словенске међукултурне везе препознају се у интересовању Ходрове за есејистичка размишљања чувеног српског архитекте – Богдана Богдановића, кога у свом раду често цитира
A sample French-Serbian Dictionary Entry Based on the ParCoLab Parallel Corpus
No full textIt has already been shown in the state- of the art in lexicography that the bilingual dictionary making process can be improved by relying on parallel corpora. The aim of this paper is to present such an application of the ParCoLab parallel corpus, a searchable trilingual 11 million token electronic database of aligned texts in French, Serbian and English, developed at the University of Toulouse (France) in cooperation with the University of Belgrade (Serbia). In this paper, we first point out the shortcomings of the leading general French-Serbian dictionaries, which were made using traditional lexicographic methods. We pay special attention to the treatment of the equivalents offered. Taking the case of the French adjective sale 'dirty' as an example, we show that the ParCoLab parallel corpus makes it possible to: 1) have quick and easy access to meanings missing from the existing dictionaries and to corresponding equivalents; 2) find new equivalents that are not included in any of the existing dictionaries, and which are in some cases the most common translation solutions; 3) order equivalents by their relative corpus frequency; and 4) disambiguate different usages through adequate contextual examples. The solutions we offer are shaped into a sample dictionary entry
Constructionism in language pedagogy: Usage-based approach to foreign/second language learning
No full textOpšte je poznato da je jezik kompleksan i visokopromenljiv sistem koji se neprestano prilagođava potrebama onih koji ga upotrebljavaju, i na njegovo učenje i usvajanje utiču mnogi faktori, poput psiholoških, kognitivnih, vremenskih, socijalnih. Bilo da se menja ili varira samo jedan od ovih parametara promena, menjaju se krajnji rezultati procesa učenja (stranog) jezika, ali i sam pristup podučavanju. U ovom radu ćemo osvetliti neke od osnovnih osobenosti pristupa nastavi stranih jezika zasnovanoj na jezičkoj upotrebi (eng. usage-based approach). Polazna stanovišta pristupa nastavi stranih jezika zasnovanoj na upotrebi, koja će biti u radu elaborirana i potkrepljena primerima iz pedagoške prakse, jesu: 1) učenje jezika prvenstveno zavisi od izloženosti učenika stranom/drugom jeziku (L2) u realnim upotrebnim uslovima, koji podrazumevaju splet raznih faktora i elemenata; 2) učenici formulišu adekvatne generalizacije vezane za površinsku strukturu L2 na osnovu izloženosti L2 i pritom koriste razne kognitivne mehanizme koji nisu nužno ograničeni na mehanizme učenja jezika, već se uključuju i kognitivni mehanizmi važni za učenje uopšte (Ellis & Wulff, 2015; Vujić, 2016). Osnova ovakvog pristupa je brisanje stroge delimitacije leksikona i gramatike, drugim rečima, radi se o frazno orijentisanom pristupu učenju jezika, koji istovremeno omogućuje maksimalno angažovanje kognitivnih kapaciteta učenika, kao i razvijanje socijalno-kulturne kompetencije učenika na J2. Iako će u fokusu našeg interesovanja biti učenje/podučavanje engleskog kao stranog (drugog) jezika, verujemo da će opažanja izneta u ovom radu biti od koristi svima onima koji se direktno ili indirektno bave jezičkom pedagogijom (eng. language pedagogy) i problematikom nastave stranih jezika. .Language is a complex, highly adaptable, ever-changing system. Many complex agents interact and underlie language learning ranging from linguistic, social, psychological, cognitive, cultural etc. Take just one agent from the language-learning equation and the final outcome will be considerably different. This paper highlights and elaborates on some of the most striking features of the usage-based approaches to Foreign/Second Language Learning (Acquisition) which are the following: 1) L2 learning primarily depends on learners' exposure to their second language (L2) in real-life conditions/ use, that is, the linguistic input they receive, and 2) L2 learners induce the rules of the L2 surface structure from the input by employing cognitive mechanisms which are not exclusive to language learning, but that are general cognitive mechanisms at work in any kind of learning, including language learning ((Ellis, N. & Wulff, S. 2015; Vujić, 2016). The main tennet of such approach is that in the L2 learning process there is no strict delimitation between grammatical and lexical component of the language i.e. it is a phrase-oriented approach which insists on mobilization of students' full cognitive capacities as well socio-cultural proficiency in L2. Although this paper primarily focuses on English as L2, we believe that it could be highly valuable to all those directly or indirectly interested and involved in language pedagogy
Писменост новог доба из визуре будућих васпитача и наставника
No full textРад је посвећен испитивању концептосфере писменост, а утемељен на анкетном истраживању, спроведеном с пролећа 2018. године међу студентима Високе школе струковних студија за васпитаче ,,Михаило Палов” у Вршцу и Филолошког факултета Универзитета у Београду (укупно 100 испитаника). Циљ рада је да се, на основу прикупљених, а потом и (аналитичком, когнитивном и дескриптивном методом) обрађених података, (а) издвоје доминантни концепти (не)писмености, (б) сагледају тенденције ширења и обликовања појма писменост, индуковане потребама савременог живота, а такође и да се – зарад унапређења језичке културе у свим доменима и на свим образовним нивоима – (в) укаже на могућности унапређивања наставе српског језика као матерњег.In this paper we present the research of the conceptosphere of literacy based upon the survey of a hundred students from Belgrade and Vršac which enabled the insight into a conceptual map of modern forms of literacy and their complex, dynamic interlaces, and also indicated to actual needs of unviresity literacy teaching such as: (a) creating a richer methodology of academic language teaching in accordance with the requirements of modern society in order to achieve improvement of knowledge on ortography, functional, reading and some other forms of literacy; (b) creating, applying and developing such methodical approaches that are able to give more operable knowledges and skills through a parallel development of various competences important for the progress of an individual in modern society as well as for a high competence of students for educating younger generations
Encounter with the Other in Ursula Le guin's the Word for World is Forest
No full textU ovom radu pokušaćemo da povežemo naučnu fantastiku sa postkolonijalnim studijama na primeru dela Ursule Le Gvin Svet se kaže šuma. Radnja se odvija na planeti koju je Zemlja kolonizovala i veoma surovo se ophodi prema domorodačkom stanovništvu koje koristi kao roblje i njenim prirodnim resursima koje eksploatiše do krajnjih granica. Na osnovu autorkinih opisa likova, načina života i prirode na ovoj planeti i komunikacije među glavnim junacima pokušaćemo da analiziramo kako oni doživljavaju susret sa fizičkom i kulturnom različitošću, sa Drugim, kao i da utvrdimo kakvu vrstu delanja autorka predlaže kako bi se ove velike razlike premostile. Susret sa drugačijom kulturom/svetom trebalo bi da nam pomogne da bolje i sagledamo društvo u kome živimo i da objektivnije razmišljamo o njegovim vrlinama i manama.In this paper we have shown how Ursula Le Guin describes encounter with the Other in her novella the Word for World is Forest. In this story she deals with the exploitation of natives on a faraway planet and the destruction of their natural resources, as well as with the situation in which an otherwise pacifist society brutally responds to extremely violent behaviour of the conquerors. Timid natives are compared with animals and are not seen as human beings by the conquerors due to their different appearance and social and cultural values. A parallel can be drawn with the period when colonies were conquered on our planet, and local people were exposed to torture and slavery while the natural resources of their countries were exploited mercilessly. The author is telling us that hatred and violence provoke irrevocable changes in a person and that humans should strive towards other ways of dealing with a difficult situation. Ursula Le Guin sees communication as the only way which can lead to understanding between species/races/people
Managing mining project documentation using human language technology
No full textPurpose This paper aims to develop a system, which would enable efficient management and exploitation of documentation in electronic form, related to mining projects, with information retrieval and information extraction (IE) features, using various language resources and natural language processing. Design/methodology/approach The system is designed to integrate textual, lexical, semantic and terminological resources, enabling advanced document search and extraction of information. These resources are integrated with a set of Web services and applications, for different user profiles and use-cases. Findings The use of the system is illustrated by examples demonstrating keyword search supported by Web query expansion services, search based on regular expressions, corpus search based on local grammars, followed by extraction of information based on this search and finally, search with lexical masks using domain and semantic markers. Originality/value The presented system is the first software solution for implementation of human language technology in management of documentation from the mining engineering domain, but it is also applicable to other engineering and non-engineering domains. The system is independent of the type of alphabet (Cyrillic and Latin), which makes it applicable to other languages of the Balkan region related to Serbian, and its support for morphological dictionaries can be applied in most morphologically complex languages, such as Slavic languages. Significant search improvements and the efficiency of IE are based on semantic networks and terminology dictionaries, with the support of local grammars
Hybrid identity in novels by Graham Swift and Hanif Kureishi
No full textKao direktna posledica sociopolitičkih promena u Velikoj Britaniji u periodu nakon Drugog svetskog rata, u kojem se demografska slika britanske nacije nepovratno izmenila, pojam ,,Britanac” promenio je značenje. Jaz između starog i novog značenja ovog pojma produbio se u dvadeset i prvom veku koji su obeležile brojne migracije, te je istraživanje hibridnog identiteta veoma aktuelno. Izmenjena društvena struktura Velike Britanije reflektuje se i u književnosti, te je pravi izazov izučavati načine na koje se u savremenom britanskom romanu predstavlja ono što se danas podrazumeva pod britanskom nacijom kada se piše o njoj. Jedan od važnih aspekata ovog istraživanja jeste sagledavanje mogućih načina na koje možemo tumačiti takva dela, i u okviru ove disertacije biće ispitane granice postojećih diskurzivnih struktura, sledeći teoriju Mišela Fukoa koji smatra da nas svaka tvrdnja da smo došli do istine stavlja u neopravdanu poziciju moći...As a direct consequence of the socio-political changes in Great Britain in the period following the Second World War, during which the demographic map of the British nation underwent permanent modification, the term “Briton” changed its meaning. The chasm between the old and new meanings of this term deepened in the twenty-first century, which was marked by numerous migrations, so research in the field of hybrid identity is very topical. The modified social structure of Great Britan is also reflected in literature, so it has become quite a challenge to study the ways in which authors present what is assumed to be the British nation when they write about it in contemporary British novels. An important aspect of this research is to examine the possible ways in which we can interpret such works, and the margins of exisiting discursive structures will be put to the test in this dissertation, following Michel Foucault’s theory in which he holds that any claim to truth puts us in an unjustified position of power. In this sense, the dissertation examines the margins of what we call postmodern and postcolonial discourse, establishing at the same time possible combinations of relations and their mutual interweaving..
О жаргонизмима у Речнику српскога језика Матице српске (2011)
No full textИмајући у виду динамичност развоја жаргона, те проблеме с којима се лексикографи суочавају приликом идентификације, класификације и лексикографске обраде жаргонизама, у раду указујемо на могућности корекције неких значења жаргонских лексема
забележених у Речнику српскога језика Матице српске, и то класификујући их у неколико
група: (а) речи с неодговарајућим лексикографским дефиницијама (нпр. шибаџија, жвака,
жицати и сл.; т. 2.1–2.5), (б) лексеме којима је придружена једним делом неодговарајућа
или непотпуна дефиниција (клопати, гребати се, падобранац и сл.; т. 2.6–2.8), а трећи
сегмент рада посвећујемо речима које се више не осећају као жаргонизми (половче, бранша, бруцош и сл.; т. 2.9–2.13). У закључку указујемо на оправданост увршћивања у речник
чак и неких данас застарелих жаргонизама, те на потребу за проширивањем речничког
корпуса и организованијим истраживањима и проучавањима жаргона.Considering jargon development dynamism and the obstacles which lexicographers face with
in identification, classification and lexicographic work on jargonisms, in this paper we point out some
possibilities for correction of several jargon meanings of lexemes noted in Serbian Language Dictionary of Matica Srpska, classifying them into several groups: a) words with inadequate lexicographical definitions (eg. šibadžija, žvaka, žicati etc.; 2.1–2.5), b) lexemes followed by partly inadequate or
incomplete definition (klopati, grebati se, padobranac etc.; 2.6–2.8), and the third part involves the
words which are not felt as jargonisms any more (polovče, branša, brucoš etc. (2.9–2.13). In conclusion we pay attention to validity of including some out-of-date jargonisms into dictionary, enhancing
of dictionary corpus and to more organized researching and studying jargons
Još ponešto o Trstu Ive Andrića
No full textU radu se ispituje prisustvo grada Trsta u Andrićevim pismima i delima. Uporednom analizom аutorovih zapažanja o Trstu u prepiskama tokom boravaka u ovom gradu kao i samog Trsta i Tršćana u njegovim književnim delima – prevashodno kroz lik Nikole Rote u Travničkoj hronici i u pripoveci Zanos i stradanje Tome Galusa – uočava se stalna ambivalentnost Andrićevog stava prema prestonici Venecije Đulije, koji se upravo u književnosti, kroz tu i takvu ambivalentnost, na određeni način i razrešava, budući da Trst, kao grad granica, višestrukog identiteta, drugačije i ne može biti poiman. Kao takav, ovaj po svemu naročit grad ostavlja traga, posredno ali primetno, na Andrića i njegovo stvaralaštvo