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Communicative formulae in Serbian: problems of typology and analysis
No full textПроблематика тзв. комуникативних или дискурзивних формула у српском језику раније није привлачила посебну пажњу истраживача. У овом раду комуникативне формуле се посматрају као саставни део комуникативних фразеологизованих
конструкција, где спадају и синтаксички фразеологизми (фраземи). Уводе се појмови
комуникативног алгоритма и прагматичке парадигме. Комуникативне формуле се
тумаче као конструкције у којима је постигнут највиши степен прагматикализације.
Анализирају се сличности и разлике између процеса прагматикализације и граматикализације. Издвајају се основни типови комуникативних формула у српском језику
и разматра се њихова прагматичка структура, с посебним акцентом на формули Ма
дај!, као и формулама за прихватање и одбијање, које се пореде са аналогним формулама у руском језику.The analysis of the so-called communicative or discursive (speech) formulae in the Serbian language has not previously attracted special attention of researchers. In this article, communicative formulae are considered as an integral part of communicative phraseological units, which include syntactic phraseological constructions (phrasemes) as well. The concepts of communicative algorithm and pragmatic paradigm are introduced. Communicative formulae are interpreted as constructions with the highest degree of pragmaticalization. The similarities and differences between the process of pragmaticalization and grammaticalization are analyzed. The main types of the Serbian communicative formulae are singled out and their pragmatical structure is considered, with special emphasis on the Ma daj!, as well as confirmation and refusal formulae, which are compared with similar formulae in Russian
Assembling a relational self: A generative dialogue between practicing and theorizing
No full textThe increasingly complex situations in which we find ourselves today call for negotiation, coordination, and co-assembling. This chapter maps out the processes that go into assembling such relational skills and knowledge through the less formal genre of the interview and the meta-awareness of generative dialogue (cf. Gunnlaugson, Journal of Adult and Continuing Education, 12(1), 2-19, 2016). The interviewee, Ashleigh Petts, speaks from her experience in a variety of positions in multiple professional domains, including education. Beyond considering how to learn for professional reasons, the chapter explores the practices that lead to actionable knowledge and expert professional practice, how cooperation and "soft skills" are critical to success, the role of jargon, and the relevance of culture and identity. Through prompts largely framed by Markauskaite & Goodyear's (Epistemic fluency and professional education. Springer, Dordrecht, 2017) work in the field of epistemic fluency, and with answers that draw on the experience of knowledge domains as practices, this interview talks through some of the pieces of integrative procedural practice and thinking and shows that professional knowledge and practice is ultimately a personal matter
The french vowel [y] pronunciation exercises in contemporary french learning methods up to А2 level: possibilities of application in corrective work with serbian-speaking subjects
No full textУ овом раду, најпре ћемо из перспективе артикулаторне фонетике говорити о француском самогласнику [y] и његовим изговорним карактеристикама. Затим ћемо укратко подсетити на истраживања и закључке до којих су наши аутори дошли у вези са тим како србофони субјекти перципирају, односно продукују француски самогласник [y]. После овог фонетског увода, анализираћемо три савремене француске методе за учење француског језика до нивоа А2 како бисмо, најпре, упоредили колико места у њима аутори посвећују вежбама за корекцију изговора француског самогласника [y], чија продукција говорницима српског језика представља значајан проблем. Затим ћемо анализирати типове вежби које су у њима елабориране за рад на корекцији овог самогласника и на крају да ли аутори дају објашњења о његовој артикулацији, као и специфична упутства и вежбе за његову коректну продукцију, намењене говорницима словенских, па самим тим и српског језика. У завршном делу овог рада, изнећемо предлоге како би могле да изгледају специфичне вежбе за кориговање погрешног изговора француског самогласника [y] у раду са србофоним субјектима. Ове специфичне вежбе елаборираћемо према савременим начелима фонодидактике француског језика и сходно сопственом искуству у настави фонетике француског језика са нашим студентимa.In this paper, we first discuss the French vowel [y] and its pronunciation
characteristics from the perspective of articulatory phonetics. We then briefly
review the research and conclusions reached by Serbian authors on how
Serbian-speaking subjects perceive or produce the French vowel [y]. After
this phonetic introduction, we analyze three modern French methods for
learning French up to the A2 level, primarily in order to compare how much
space the authors devote to exercises for correcting the pronunciation of the
French vowel [y]. The production of this vowel is a significant issue for Serbian
speakers. We then analyze the types of exercises that focus on the correction
of the French [y]. Finally, we examine whether the authors give explanations
about its articulation, as well as specific instructions and exercises for its correct
production intended for speakers of Slavic languages, including Serbian. In the
final part of this paper, we suggest some novel exercises aimed at correcting
the wrong pronunciation of the French vowel [y], which could be used with
Serbian-speaking students. These were designed following modern principles
of phonodidactics of French and are based on our own experience in teaching
French phonetics to Serbian students
Глаголско време и аспект у савременом кинеском језику
No full textУ овом раду се најпре даје преглед репрезента-
тивних праваца и ставова у традиционалном и модерном проуча-
вању глаголског времена и аспекта у кинеском језику. Аутор затим
на основу претходних истраживања проучава ово питање из угла
наративног дискурса са посебним освртом на њихово међусобно
преплитање у језичкој употреби. Аутор овога рада представља аспе-
катски систем кинеског језика са три подсистема: глаголски општи
аспект (лексички аспект), аспекатске конструкције и граматички
аспект, и сматра да аспекатски маркери који изражавају значења
аспекта на највишем граматичком нивоу имају функцију изражава-
ња релативног глаголског времена
From Isaac to Jesus: the Archetype of (Non)Acceptance of Sacrifice
No full textПолазиште рада представља разматрање повезаности библијских наратива о жртвовању Исака и Исусовом страдању од раног хришћанства до данас, кроз успостављање значењских паралела и осврт на репрезентативне ликовне представе: од двадесетовековне слике Марка Шагала „Жртвовање Исака“, преко мозаика у јерусалимској цркви Светог гроба и средњовековних представа Аврамовог наручја, до древне синајске иконе Христа Пантократора. Тежиште рада је, међутим, посвећено разликама, уместо до сада претежно разматраним аналогијама између два најдраматичнија догађаја у Библији.
Прича о Аврамовом жртвовању Исака сагледава се и тумачи из дубинско-психолошког угла, односно из јунговске перспективе, полазећи од става да је у основи наратива о Исаку, а потом и приче о Исусовом страдању, архетип жртве који се развија од Старог до Новог завета, чему је у раду посвећена посебна пажња. Показује се да је за интерпретацију изузетно значајан контекст, односно догађаји који су претходили Божјем захтеву да Аврам на жртву принесе Исака, а тичу се прворођеног Аврамовог сина Исмаила и очевог односа према њему.
Истраживање се ослања на студију Карла Густава Јунга „Одговор на Јова“, пре свега у домену сагледавања одлика старозаветног Бога који се први пут открио управо Авраму, да би анализа потом била усредсређена на Аврамову природу и позицију у оквиру породице, а затим и на Исаков допринос развоју архетипа жртве, који ће свој пуни израз достићи у Исусовом страдању и резултирати преласком са старозаветне „религије Оца“ на новозаветну „религију Сина“.The analogy between the Old Testament episode of Abraham sacrificing Isaac
and the New Testament suffering of Jesus at Golgotha was already established in the
early Christianity and is based primarily on the common motive of the sacrifice,
dominant in both narratives, but also on the not less important relationship between father and son. Abraham’s willingness to sacrifice his beloved son to God has
been understood for centuries as an archetypal image and a reflection of readiness
of the God - Father to sacrifice his Son - Jesus Christ - in order to save mankind. Actually, this is a manifestation of the same archetype, constellated at different times,
and therefore in different manifestations, whereby here there is also a development,
an evolution of the archetype, which ultimately leads to the transition from the
“religion of the Father” to the “religion of the Son.”
The story of Abraham’s sacrifice of Isaac cannot be fully perceived and interpreted without putting it into a wider context, and these are the developments that
preceded God’s request concerning Abraham’s firstborn son Ishmael. The rejection
and ex-communication of Ishmael and his mother Hagar from the family represent
Abraham’s first sacrifice of a son, over which all remaining family members will
have to pay a certain price. Abraham realizes the price when he receives God’s order
to sacrifice Isaac as well. Isaac, who is at first glance completely innocent, pays the
price with “fear and trembling” under his father’s knife, because Ishmael was removed so that he could gain additional space and take a place that he would not get
in that measure even if Abraham’s firstborn son had remained a part of the family.
This is why Isaac will have to experience for a moment the position in which Ishmael had been in all his life. Sara, who demanded from Abraham an ex-communication of Ishmael and Hagar, pays the price first by being excluded from making the
most important decision regarding the life of the son that she had with Abraham,
and soon after this event she passes away..
Porridge in the culture and lexical system of the Serbian and Russian people
No full textIn order to show the importance of porridge as Slavic peoples' oldest dish, hence one of the cultural concepts in Slavic cultures, the relevant conclusions of ethnographic, historical, ethnolinguistic and etymological research on porridge are given at the beginning of the paper. The aim of the research is to analyze the influence of the importance of porridge in the everyday life of Slavs on the status of the lexeme by which it is named in two modern Slavic languages - Serbian and Russian. After a comparative analysis, it can be concluded that the lexeme porridge does not possess rich polysemy, derivation and phraseology, in either of these two languages, yet its significance is reflected in the semantic specificity (underspecification) and the status of the standard in both languages
What is en in the french gerund?
No full textL’article contraste, d’un côté, les travaux qui voient dans le gérondif une structure bimorphématique, composée de la préposition en et du participe présent (Waugh, 1976 ;
Kindt, 1999 ; Anscombre, 2001 ; Lipsky, 2003 ; Khammari, 2006 ; Wilmet, 2007 ; Cuniţă,
2011 ; Rihs, 2013) et, de l’autre, la critique de cette position, présentée par G. Kleiber
(2007a et b), qui propose de considérer le gérondif comme une structure monomorphématique, résultant de la grammaticalisation de l’union entre l’ancienne préposition
en et la forme -ant, qui n’est plus équivalente au participe présent moderne.
Nous concentrant sur deux points principaux – l’identité de en dans le gérondif et l’aspect
sécant du participe présent – nous soutenons qu’il est indispensable de réunir les faits
diachroniques et synchroniques pour offrir une vue synthétique et conciliatrice du gérondif,
où en garde toujours l’essentiel de son sémanisme, en modifiant de manière profonde les
propriétés aspectuelles de la forme participiale en -ant. Il se crée ainsi une structure
complexe figée dont la fonction est d’introduire un cadre temporel et logique pour le
prédicat principal, auquel elle impose différents degrés de coalescence.The paper contrasts, on one side, the works which see the French gerund as a bi-morphemic
structure, composed of the preposition en and the present participle (Waugh, 1976 ; Kindt,
1999 ; Anscombre, 2001 ; Lipsky, 2003 ; Khammari, 2006 ; Wilmet, 2007 ; Cuniţă, 2011 ;
Rihs, 2013) and, on the other, the critique of this position by G. Kleiber (2007a et b), who
proposes to consider gerund as a mono-morphemic structure, consequent to the
grammaticalization of the sequence preposition EN + participial -ANT, the latter no longer
being, for Kleiber, equivalent to the modern French present participle.
Focusing on two main points – the identity of en in the gerund and the progressive aspect of
the present participle – we argue the necessity to assemble both diachronic and synchronic
facts so as to obtain a synthetic and conciliatory view on gerund, where en still retains the
essence of its meaning and modifies to a decisive degree the aspectual features of the
participial -ant. In this way is formed a complex fixed structure whose function is to
introduce a temporal and logical frame for the main predicate, on which it imposes various
degrees of coalescence
Еквиваленти француског герундива у српском преводу Шагринске коже
No full textNotre analyse vise surtout les équivalents syntaxiques du gérondif dans la traduction
serbe de La peau de chagrin par Dušan Milačić (Šagrinska koža, 1980), et leur relation avec les
configurations sémantiques établies par Halmøy (2003) et Hellqvist (2017). De toutes les configurations, la concomitance prédomine avec 45 %, suivie des gérondifs repères temporels (21%) et
ceux exprimant cause-condition-moyen (9,3%), les autres configurations étant bien plus rares. Nous
avons relevé 26 équivalents du gérondif en serbe, dont, notamment, le gérondif présent serbe2
(60%),
suivi de loin de : propositions subordonnées temporelles (12,8%), gérondif passé (8 %), coordination
(8,2 %), etc. Nous avons montré que, plus un équivalent serbe est fréquent, moins son utilisation
dépend du sémantisme local du gérondif.The present analysis aims at studying the syntactic equivalents of the French gerund in the Serbian translation of Balzac’s novel La peau de chagrin by Dušan Milačić (Шагринска
кожа, 1980), as well as their relation to the so-called semantic configurations defined by Halmøy
(2003) and Hellqvist (2017). Of all these configurations, concomitance prevails with 45 %, followed
by temporal reference gerunds (21%), as well as those expressing cause-condition-means (9,3%),
other configurations being considerably rare. We have found 26 equivalents of French gerund in the
translation, of which the most frequent is the Serbian present gerund (60%), followed by: temporal
clauses (12,8%), past gerund (8 %), coordination (8,2 %) etc. We hope to have shown that, the more
frequent an eqaivalent is, the less its use depends on local meanings of gerund
The trauma of the Great War in the Serbian avangard novel
No full textSrpski Roman u godinama nakon Velikog rata zasniva novi odnos književnosti i istorije, nove postupke umetničkog oblikovanja istorijskih zbivanja. Rat je viđen očima pojedinca i predstavljen kroz subjektivne psihološke reakcije. Istorijska pustoš postaje sadržaj individualne svesti, a epohalni slom svih vrednosti predmet je lične spoznaje i doživljaja. Izlaskom na scenu ratnih užasa književni junaci Miloša Crnjanskog, Dragiše Vasića, Stanislava Krakova i Rastka Petrovića prisiljeni su da svoj identitet odrede rešavajući niz moralnih i egzistencijalnih nedoumica koje je rat izazvao. Pronaći smisaono uporište, neophodnu tačku duhovnog oslonca u trenucima bespovratnog urušavanja dotadašnjeg sveta, postaje ultimativno pitanje njihovog postojanja.The Serbian avant-garde novel expresses war experience that goes from nihilistic experience of historical terror and complete collapse of all values to the activation of vitalistic potentials, exaltation of the senses, physicality, sexuality, the need for reconstruction and new establishment of the individual and the collective being. This is evident in each of the mentioned novels: in The Journal of Čarnojević (Dnevnik o Čarnojeviću) it moves from the senselessness of the war to the need for metaphysical consolation; in Red Fogs (Crvene magle) heroes are facing both cowardice and desertion, but also find the strength to sacrifice themselves for others and make heroic gestures that a man is capable of making only in war; in The Wings (Krila) there is a range of phenomena from grotesque and horror to visions that war pilots experience while observing the skies. Finally, the novel The Sixth Day (Dan šesti) tells a brilliant story of war and peace, of the everlasting cycle of birth and death on the earth. The literature that was created in the years immediately following the Great War is characterized by the motifs of disappointment, disaster and revulsion for the forces of destruction. It doubts the ethical and humanistic values. The literature calls into question the social progress and the ability of history to give answers to the questions about the meaning of life and of the world
The Tag „Lombardo“ in the 1922-2021 Editions of the Zingarelli Dictionary: a Potential Tool for the Language Teaching of Regional Italian
No full textI vocabolari dell’uso presentano al loro interno numerose indicazioni di sottocodici, definite nel vocabolario Zingarelli “limiti d’uso” (Cannella 2010). Queste indicazioni sono indispensabili per identificare e contestualizzare le voci e le accezioni registrate all’interno di un vocabolario. Con il presente contributo, attraverso un metodo di tipo comparativo, oltre che quantitativo e qualitativo, intendiamo osservare il limite d’uso “lombardo” incluso nello Zingarelli, che rappresenta il nostro corpus (Bazzanella 2008). Questo vocabolario dell’uso, infatti, è l’unico a vantare una tradizione lessicografica centenaria. E lungo questo continuum, compreso fra la Seconda edizione (1922) e la ristampa della Dodicesima edizione (2021), abbiamo individuato un modesto ma significativo gruppo di voci, delle quali alcune sono state espunte, altre registrate
recentemente. Fra le voci selezionate abbiamo riscontrato in alcuni casi un cambiamento di limite d’uso avvenuto nel corso di questo continuum, oltre ad una discreta presenza di voci pertinenti all’ambito degli alimenti e della cucina in generale. Infine, abbiamo esposto alcune considerazioni sull’opportunità di realizzare percorsi di apprendimento dell’italiano regionale rivolti a studenti di italiano LS e L2 di livello C1 e C2, basati principalmente sulle abilità di ricezione, coerentemente con Palermo (2009b) e coadiuvati dall’utilizzo del vocabolario, in sintonia con Chiari (2008) e sulla scia dell’esempio di Marello (1996) e Prada (2013). Questa proposta, come afferma Lavinio (2018), sembra essere ancora disattesa dalla glottodidattica.In this paper we analyze the words related to the tag "Lombard" in the Zingarelli
vocabulary, in a continuum that starts from the Second edition of the Zingarelli (1922) and ends
with the 2021 edition of this vocabulary. The Second Edition introduced the tag "Lombard", not
present in the First edition (1917). Through a comparative approach, we have selected and
compared some of the most representative editions of this vocabulary, as well as several digital
reprints of the Twelfth edition, available since 1997.
In the first part of our paper, we try to define the concept of "regional Italian", according
to the position of various linguists; this concept, at present, has different linguistic
interpretations.
In the second part we quantitatively observe the words tagged "Lombard", taking as
reference points the Zingarelli editions of 1922 and 2021, that is, the two poles of our
continuum. The seventy-two voices that we have extracted from our corpus induce us to
conclude that the tag "Lombard" shows a fair vitality, which is demonstrated, on the one hand,
by some voices recorded in the 1922 edition and omitted in more recent editions and, on the
other hand, by some voices present only in the latest editions of the Zingarelli vocabulary. We
have organized our quantitative analysis on the basis of the positions of Lorenzetti (2002) and
De Mauro (2005) and we have therefore included in section 3.1.1 the words that have the tag
"Lombard" (lomb.) applied in their main and in the secondary meaning, while in section 3.1.2
we analyze the words of Lombard origin, as shown by their etymology. This approach has
allowed us to highlight the Lombard words that during the 1922-2021 continuum have
developed new meanings (defined as neosemies in Adamo and Della Valle 2017 and Barbi 2018)
and are tagged as "Lombard".
The third part is dedicated to the qualitative analysis of our corpus. Considering the fact
that the term "regional Italian" was proposed by Pellegrini in 1959 (or 1960), according to the
positions of De Mauro (2014: 127) and D'Achille (2003: 177), we hypothesized that the 1970
and 1983 editions of Zingarelli may be taken as a dividing line between the initial and the latest
editions (consisting in reprints of the Twelfth edition). In addition, we have identified a
substantial number of words related to the field of cuisine and gastronomy, some of which are
quite recent.
The last part of the paper deals with the idea to include regional Italian in the C1 and C2
level of teaching Italian as L2 and LS. This idea was so far neglected, despite the positions of
some theorists and linguists, like Lavinio (2018) and Corbucci (2007). The implementation of
this approach in language teaching has a valuable tool in the electronic vocabulary, so that
learners would be encouraged to combine their knowledge of standard Italian with the
specificities offered by regional Italian varieties. The idea of language teaching supported by the
use of electronic vocabularies was proposed in 1996 by Marello; for this reason, we believe that
the time is ripe for the integration of regional Italian varieties in the teaching of Italian as L2
and LS