REPFF - Repository of Faculty of Philology, University of Belgrade
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Polisemia i homonimia w terminologii
No full textTerminy to wyrazy lub połączenia wyrazów języka naturalnego, które odbieramy jako część składową języka, charakterystycznego dla komunikacji w obrębie nauki, techniki, poszczególnych specjalizacjach oraz dziedzinach życia. Najczęściej język danej osoby oceniamy jako „codzienny", lub „fachowy" właśnie ze względu na częstotliwość, z jaką pojawiają się w nim terminy (jeżeli częstotliwość ta przekracza pewne wielkości, możemy go określić jako „niezrozumiały"). Zadaniem terminu jest przede wszystkim jak najprostsze oznaczanie pojęć danej dyscypliny (przez co rozumiemy nauki, techniki, zawody, dziedziny życia), tak aby komunikację między fachowcami uczynić jak najbardziej ekonomiczną i w ogóle możliwą. Na świecie istnieje ogromna liczba dyscyplin, jeszcze więcej jest pojęć, którymi te dyscypliny operują. Dlatego potrzeba istnienia terminów i wymaganie ich ekonomiczności wydaje się w pełni usprawiedliwione (dla przykładu w biologii występuje około pięćset tysięcy gatunków roślin i jeszcze półtora miliona zwierząt, chemia zna tylko sto dziewięć pierwiastków, które tworzą jednak wiele setek tysięcy związków chemicznych, nie mówiąc już o fizyce, matematyce, językoznawstwie, filozofii, literaturoznawstwie itp.
Environment protection problems in programs of some political parties in Serbia
No full textSvi ovi programi političkih partija u Srbiji pokazuju plemenita nastojanja da se očuva priroda i životna sredina u državi. Međutim, iskustvo pokazuje da je kod nekih ta volja zaista osnovana, a da je kod nekih samo na papiru. Kako bilo, pored dobre volje, postoji još jedan element koji čini uslov da se ta volja i ostvari - finansije, sredstva, budžet. Budući da je Srbija trenutno zemlja u tranziciji, veliki deo budžeta otpada na unapređivanje upravo tehnologije, industrije i standarda, pri čemu se jako malo vodi računa o životnoj sredini. Takođe, ne misle svi jednako, pa se uvek pojave i oni pojedinci koji ta sredstva koriste za lične ciljeve. U ovom trenutku, jako je teško govoriti čak i o postojanju uslova da se očuva životna sredina u Srbiji, jer mnogi drugi ciljevi uzimaju primat kakao u sadašnjoj Vladi, tako i u prethodnoj. Nama, "običnim " građanima ove zemlje ostaje jedino da se nadamo da će oni u koje mi imamo poverenje, učiniti upravo ono na šta se obavezuju u svojim programima i uspeti da unapređuju naš prostor u kome živimo i radimo.All the platforms of Serbia's political parties demonstrate noble attempts to preserve nature and the environment in the state. However, experience has shown that in some cases there has been genuine willingness to do so, while in others it exists only on paper. Be that as it may, aside from willingness, there is another condition necessary to translate things into practice - financial means, resources, the budget. In view of the fact that at the moment Serbia is a transitional country, the bulk of the budget is earmarked precisely for the promotion of technology, industry and related standards, paying little attention to the environment. Furthermore, not everyone shares the same views, as a result of which there are always those who seek to use the resources for personal purposes. At this point it can hardly be said that any conditions whatsoever have been fulfilled for the environment in Serbia to be preserved, as both in the present and the former government many other issues have taken precedence over the environment. We who consider ourselves to be the "ordinary" citizens of this country can but hope that those whom we trust will do exactly what their platforms oblige them to do, thus managing to promote the area in which we live and work
Consequences of NATO aggression on biodiversity in Serbia and Montenegro
No full textUporedo sa vojnim ciljevima, naseljima, saobraćajnim i privrednim objektima agresijom NATO na Jugoslaviju napadnuti su i životi i zdravlje ljudi, a neposredno ugrožena njihova životna sredina. U Srbiji je pod zaštitu do sada stavljeno 5% au Crnoj Gori 8% teritorije. Permanentna ratna dejstva dešavala su se tokom proleća u periodu biološke reprodukcije živog sveta. Usled stalnog i u više navrata ponavljanog raketiranja istih područja, neposredno su uništene brojne biljne i životinjske vrste, dok je jedan broj životinja među kojima pre svega ptice, sisari i divljač bio prinuđen da mir potraži na područjima izvan naše zemlje. Pod bombama i svim drugim vidovima agresije našla najvrednija područja našeg prirodnog nasleđa: četiri od pet nacionalnih parkova Srbije, kao i područja budućih nacionalnih parkova. U Srbiji, broj jedinki ptica koje su od ratnih dejstava stradale ili nisu mogle biti ni rođene dostiže više desetina hiljada, pa čak i verovatnih 100000 primeraka. Mnoga staništa divljih biljnih i životinjskih vrsta trajno su razorena, a znatno narušeno i bogatstvo predeonog diverziteta. Eksplozijama granata ili lokalnim požarima kao njihovim posledicom, uništen je na mnogim mestima šumski pokrivač.In addition to the military targets, residential areas, transport facilities and industrial objects, the NATO aggression in Yugoslavia has also endangered the life and health of the human population and gravely affected the environment in general. About 5% of the territory of Serbia and 8% of Montenegro have been placed under protection so far. Permanent military actions took place in the spring during the period of biological reproduction of the living world. Continual and repeated bombing of certain areas resulted in direct destruction of numerous plant and animal species while a number of animals, primarily birds, mammals and game, were forced to seek shelter in the areas outside Yugoslavia. The bombs and other weapons of aggression also damaged the most valuable areas of the natural heritage in Yugoslavia: four out of five national park in Serbia, as well as the areas of future, national parks. In Serbia, the number of birds which have been killed or could not be hatched due to by military actions is measured in tens of thousands and could be as much as 100000. Numerous habitats of wild plant and abunak species have been severely affected. Explosions and local fires as their consequence have destroyed forests in many places
Poetika iskanij ili poisk poetiki. Materialy meždunarodnoj konferencii-festivalja 'Poetičeskij jazyk rubeža XX-XXI vekov i sovremennye literaturnye strategii', Moskva, 2004
No full textFrank Vedekind: vakcina
No full textPrevod priče: Frank Wedekind, Die Schutzimpfung, U Deutsche Erzähler des 20.
Jahrhunderts. Von Artur Schnitzler bis Robert Musil, Herausgegeben von Marcel
Reich-Ranicki, Zürich, Manesse Verlag, 1994, 93-100
Reception of Angus Wilson's works by Serbs and Croats
No full textU ovom radu prikazana je recepcija stvaralaštva engleskog romansijera Angusa Vilsona na srpskohrvatskom jezičkom području. Posle pregleda prevođne recepcije Vilsonovog opusa, izloženi su i rezultati istraživanja kritičke recepcije njegovih romana kod nas, od prvog spominjanja u našoj književnoj kritici, pa sve do raspada bivše Jugoslavije 1992. godine. Prisutnost Vilsonovih dela u našem izdavaštvu i interesovanje naše kritičke javnosti za stvaralaštvo ovog spisatelja mogu se oceniti kao veoma zadovoljavajući, u skladu sa ugledom koji on uživa i u matičnoj kritici.In this paper, the author presents the reception of Angus Wilson's opus in the Serbo-Croat territory - first by mentioning the translations of his works and their excerpts into our language, and then by analyzing the critical commentaries published in literary journals and periodicals. The research has shown that, although both major novels written by Wilson, Anglo-Saxon Attitudes and The Old Men at the Zoo, were translated soon after being published in English, not many fragments from his works appeared in the Serbo-Croat publications. On the contrary, the critical responses to Wilson's novels in the former Yugoslavia were numerous and mostly favorable, while several complete accounts of his life and work were also published during the researched period, so we can conclude that our critics paid due attention to his opus. Unfortunately, the fame of the British writer in our country was of short duration, as it lasted only during the sixties, and after two essays published in early eighties, Angus Wilson sank into oblivion and has remained completely forgotten by our reviewers even after the disintegration of the former Yugoslavia in 1992
Amaterasu: The cult of the sun goddess in Japanese mythology
No full textThe Sun Goddess Amaterasu is the principal kami of the Shinto pantheon and at the same time, ancestor of the imperial dynasty. Ancient Japanese animistic beliefs presupposed the existence of Kami ('god', 'spirit'), but later this original mythology was organized under the term 'Shinto' - a religion created in response to the new upcoming religion of Buddhism. This paper deals with the concept of the Sun Goddess, the central figure of the Japanese mythology, who was accepted by the ruling dynasty as their god-ancestor and god-protector, most probably for political reasons, in order to ensure their historical dominance in the region. Therefore, we will demonstrate the meaning of the kami concept, and provide a short history of Shinto development and the place Amaterasu holds in Japanese religious as well as political and social life, in ancient and modern-day Japan
Pokus o srovnání české a srbské Alexandridy
No full textOvaj rad predstavlja pokušaj poređenja dve Aleksandride, nastale u okviru dve nacionalne slovenske književnosti, češke i srpske. Svako od ovih dela odražava duh vremena u kome nastaje, kao i specifične nacionalno-istorijske okolnosti sredine iz koje potiče. Otuda i različita tumačenja pojedinih epizoda iz junakovog života, različiti stepeni glorifikacije istorijskog lika Aleksandra Makedonskog, sled uspona njegove vladavine, razlike u opisu osvajačkih pohoda i pokušaju objektivne psihologizacije lika ovog osvajača. Ipak, ove dve Aleksandride najviše razdvaja sama namera autora o osnovnoj funkciji teksta jedne i druge Aleksandride,.Rozdíl mezi českou a srbskou Alexandridou nemůžeme vysvětlovat pouze vícero primárními vzory obou textů, zvláště schválímeli fakt, že oba texty ve velké míře odchylovaly od svých vzorů. Vysvětlení hledáme v rozdlíných dominujících funkcích, které oba texty měly. V české Alexandridě dominuje vyprávění o Alexandrově životu, jeho tažení a moci. Autor zobrazuje typizovaného šelchtice - rytíře podle představ své doby. Tedy, primární funkce staročeského texta byla actuálizace. Tvůrce srbské Alexandridy si vyhledal vzor ve středověkém rytířském románu a dílo přizpůsobil světovému žánru a stylu. Autor do prvního plánu postavil zábavně-avanturistickou funkci díla. Takže, v srbském textu jako primární charakteristiku rozpoznáváme kristanizace textu a avanturisticko-fantastické prvky. Též v uvedených podobnosti a shodě obou textů se potvrzuje teze o jejich vícero funkcíc
Biblioteke i upravljanje ukupnim kvalitetom
No full textBez obzira da li se upravljanje ukupnim kvalitetom (Total Quality Management - TQM) definiše kao stalno poboljšavanje osnovnih procesa poslovanja, sistem neprestanog razvoja baziran na potrebama korisnika ili kao nehijerarhijska i nebirokratska kultura zasnovana na ideji potpune angažovanosti zaposlenih u cilju zadovoljenja potreba korisnika, biblioteke predstavljaju idealno okruženje za TQM. Posredovanje u širenju znanja, učešće u opštem društvenom progresu, obezbeđenje intelektualnih sloboda, orijentacija na služenje zajednici, svest da je svaki korisnik svet za sebe, a da se kvalitet usluge definiše prema korisnikovom stavu o kvalitetu, sadržane su u osnovnim načelima bibliotekarstva 20. veka. U njih je utkana svest da nas u budućnosti čekaju i štampane publikacije i elektronska komunikacija linearni tekst i hiperteks, posrednička uloga bibliotekara i direktan pristup, bibliotečke zbirke i opšta dostupnost informacija, biblioteka kao građevina i biblioteka kao informacioni prostor. U konkretnim situacijama međutim, svevremeno pitanje o suštini odnosa pojedinca, društva i biblioteke, zahteva sasvim direktne i nedvosmislene odgovore od onih koji bibliotekama rukovode
Charity, good deeds and the poor in Serbian epic poetry
No full textThe analysis of relation between the poor and the concept of charity in Serbian epic poetry is initiated as part of the research project "Ethnic and social stratification of the Balkans", which includes study of social margins and subcultures in oral literature. Charitable activities directed toward the poor are discussed as social models, but also as a complex way of social interaction between the elites and the poor, which left its mark on oral tradition and epic poetry. Care for the poor, almsgiving and charitable deeds were a religious obligation, and in the course of time, the repetitiveness and habitual character of poor relief became an important issue in structuring cultural patterns. Ethical, educative and humanistic potential of charity, and its being founded on cases witnessed in real life directly connect charity to the shaping of poetic narrative models. Epic models reflect and poeticize socio-cultural patterns and characters, which is represented both in medieval documents and in epic tradition, in similarity of their themes and formulas on the level of contents and structure. This resemblance has led to the conclusion that charitable giving, care for the poor and salvation of soul existed as specific patterns and intergeneric symbols, which were handed down in various oral and written forms