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Trendy changes or changing trends: The pronunciation of British English
No full textThe text that follows is a scientific interview with John C. Wells, Emeritus Professor of Phonetics in the University of London and former Head of the Department of Phonetics and Linguistics at University College London (UCL). He is a Fellow of the British Academy. His interests centre on the phonetic and phonological description of languages but also extend to lexicography and language teaching. Until retirement in 2006 he was the director of UCL's annual Summer Course in English Phonetics. He is a frequent contributor to BBC radio (R2, R4, R5, BBC English), and writes a daily phonetic blog (http://phonetic-blog.blogspot.com/). As the world's leading authority on English pronunciation Professor Wells comments on the relevance and speed of change in the domain of the phonetics of English, as well as on the pronunciation preferences in Britain. Among his greatest achievements is his pronouncing dictionary, entitled Longman Pronunciation Dictionary (LPD), now available in its third edition (2008). He has published extensively on general phonetics and English phonetics, especially on the dialectal variation in English (Accents of English, 1982) and the intonation of English (English Intonation: an Introduction, 2006)
Historical and spiritual interpretation of Dositej and his Time: the early studies by Jovan Deretić
No full textУ раду се тумачи начин на који је Јован Деретић своје ране студије о Доситеју Обрадовићу, посвећене различитим појединачним аспектима његовог дела, као и студије о Захарију Орфелину, Јовану Рајићу и Сави Мркаљу, преко заједничке методологије духовноисторијске херменеутике интегрисао у збирку Доситеј и његово доба (1969), која је својом целовитошћу омогућила да се Доситејеве појединачне идеје сагледају као део његовог целовитог бића, повежу са временом у којем се јављају (европским и контекстом српске културе) и ситуирају у причу о развоју српске књижевности и културе.The paper analyses the fashion in which Jovan Deretić yielded his early studies on Dositej Obradović, dedicated to most various aspects of his work as well as the studies on Zaharije Orfelin, Jovan Rajić and Sava Mrkalj giving insight into the shared methodology of spiritual and historical hermeneutics being integrated and published in the collection Dositej and his Time (1969) which enabled the exploration of his ideas as a constitutive segment of his being as a whole, as well as relating the latter to the time in which they were to arise (within the context of European and Serbian literature), thus situating them within the story on the development of Serbian culture and literature
O esejistice Michala Ajvaza
No full textStudija predstavlja esej koji, iako zapostavljen književni žanr, ipak postoji u češkoj književnosti. Navođenjem imena poznatih čeških pisaca i književnih postupaka kojima se oni koriste, pokazujemo da je esej živo prisutan u savremenoj književnosti, te da nije samo sporedni elemenat proznog sastava, već da često predstavlja samostalni književni ogled.Pozornost v stati jsme věnovali současné české esejistice, její povaze, tvaru, obsahu a rozvoji,
a k té příležitosti jsme si vybrali slovesnou tvorbu současného českého spisovatele Michala Ajvaza,
abychom ukázali model moderního eseje. V převážné většině případů, charakter esejistických textů
odpovídá odborným studiím, nebo se ocítá v blízkosti fejetonu nebo jakéhokoliv jiného žurnalistického útvaru. Je to zcela jinak, když mluvíme o Ajvazových esejích, v kterých spisovatel věnuje
svoji pozornost filosofickým zkoumáním prostoru, světu viditelného a jeho hranicím. Interpretace
Ajvazových esejů jsme předváděli na příkladě tří knih esejů: Tajemství knihy, Světelný prales a
Znak, sebevědomí a čas. Když píše o literatuře jiných spisovatelů, nenacházíme v jeho textu odborný rozbor nové poetiky, spíše jsou to meditativní úvahy o různých tématech, které Ajvaz vypátral
v nějakém románu nebo básni. Stejně je to s eseji věnovaným rozlišným tématům, na příklad o těle,
knize, metafyzice mlsnosti a jiných věcech. Od nich se liší jenom eseje v souboru Znak, sebevědomí
a čas, v kterých se Ajvaz věnoval sémiologicky zaměřené práci, kterou polemizoval s Derridovou
teorií poznání. Abychom co nejlépe rozuměli obsahům jeho esejů, soustředili jsme si pozornost
také na jeho romány a novely, v kterých se setkáváme se stejnými problémy. Spisovatelovy eseje
a romány se navzájem doplňují v řešení jednotlivých otázek, a tak tvoří zvláštní celek. Na závěr
můžeme říci, že se Ajvazův esej pořád mění, dostává jinou podobu a funkci, ale to co zůstává vždy
stejné je jeho povaha zabývat se neviditelnými obrazy, rozluštěním tájemství bytí skrz jeho pohyby,
řeč a působení, a demistifikací viditelné skutečnosti a prostoru
Pepeljuga u Gogoljevom Šinjelu
No full textRadom se čuveni Gogoljev Šinjel, prateći njegov siže, junake, brojne autorove naznake (itd.), otkriva kao travestija jednog od najčuvenijih tekstova književnosti uopšte - Pepeljuge. Prateći strukturu prostora vremena, junaka, pripovedanje (itd.) Šinjela, shodno prethodnom, Šinjel se otkriva i kao travestirana bajka
Hispanska teorija improvizacije i južnoslovenska epika
No full textTeorija improvizacije je relativno nova teorija. Nastaje u poslednjoj deceniji 20. veka iz potrebe jednog dela hispanske nauke da opiše zakonitosti improvizovane poezije i skrene pažnju na njenu umetničku vrednost. Ova teorija je još uvek u periodu formiranja a njeni najznačajniji predstavnicu su Maksimijano Trapero (Maximiano Trapero), Aleksis Dijas-Pimijenta (Alexis Díaz-Pimienta) i Ivet Himenes de Baes (Yvette Jimenez de Báez). Prema ovoj teoriji, južnoslovenska epska poezija, kao improvizovana poezija, čini sastavni deo istorijskog razvoja improvizovane poezije i njenih zakonitosti. .La poesía improvisada en el ambito hispánico es el nombre generico que se usa para denominar el acto de la creación poetica oral en el que se dan al mismo tiempo los procesos de la creación, ejecucion y recepcion del texto. La teoria de la improvisacion en la ciencia hispanica recibio su forma mas o menos definitiva en 1998 con el libro Teoria de la improvisacion del famoso improvisador cubano Alexis Díaz-Pimienta. A la formulacion de esa teoria contribuyeron significativamente Samuel G. Armistead y Maximiano Trapero Trapero. En sus trabajos subrayan que el estudio sistematico de la poesia improvisada comienza con los trabajos de Milman Parry sobre la poesía sudeslava, y de forma particular la serbo-croata. La poesia epica sudeslava se compara con la poesia hispanica improvisada por ser elaborada el en el momento de la actuacion y por eso se considera alejda de la poesia hispanica de tipo oral y tradicional, que no se improvisa en el momento de la actuacion sino que se reproduce de memoria.
The rethinking of 'the few and the many'
No full textHeraklitova podela tipova ličnosti u odnosu na njihovo shvatanje sveta i društvenog života, na 'Malobrojne' i 'Mnogobrojne' snažno je uticala na poetski izraz britanskog pisca sa kraja dvadesetog veka Džona Faulsa. U Heraklitovom sistemu mišljenja pojmovi 'Malobrojnih' i 'Mnogobrojnih' odnose se na predstavnike dve nepomirljive vizije stvarnosti - suštinskog razumevanja kojim se odlikuju 'Malobrojni' nasuprot pukom sakupljanju činjenica. U Faulsovom razumevanju ovih pojmova posebna sposobnost percepcije odnosi se na moć imaginacije i intuitivnog shvatanja stvarnosti. Faulsov narativni svet koji se nalazi u prostoru u kome se preklapaju estetike modernizma i postmodernizma donosi novu viziju drevnih filozofskih razmišljanja o mogućnosti saznanja sveta, viziju koja je donekle pod uticajem modernističke nade u postojanje večnih principa humanosti i saznanja, a sa druge postmodernističke ironije i sumnje u stabilnost istine. .The Heracletean concept of 'the Few and the Many' inspired the fiction of the XX century British author John Fowles. In Heraclitus's philosophy the Few and the Many are two opposing categories of thinkers. The concept stems from the Heraclitus's approach to knowledge. Following Heraclitus, Fowles holds that knowledge about the world is rare and only the Few are able to grasp it. Fowles makes the distinction between those two categories one of the major themes of his prose. Besides, the Few and the Many opposition is the crucial principle of characterization in Fowles's fiction. Further Fowles's narrative world lies on the border of Modernism and Postmodernism. His fiction is paradigmatic to the shift of the narrative perspective from the modernist to the postmodernist worldview. Thus, John Fowles's work along with its commitment to Heraclitean thinking could be viewed in the broader context of the XX century art and literature
Articles in modern Greek and some of their basic syntactic and semantic functions
No full textU radu autor nastoji da pokaže koliko su članovi u savremenom grčkom jeziku prisutni i da ukaže na neke od njihovih sintaktičko-semantičkih vrednosti. .The noun/nominal constructions in Modern Greek with the indefinite, the definite and so the called zero article have the following pattern: [article + noun/adjective/nominal], which means that the only possible position of the article(s) in noun constructions is in preposition. In this paper we pay special attention to syntactic and semantic functions of the definite article. Our conclusions show that although the principal role of the definite article is to determine the whole noun construction and to act as a regular definite article, in some cases it is not. In Modern Greek such cases are when the definite article has the function of simultaneity (examples 6.1), the function of partial determination (examples 6.2) or the function of bound determination (examples 6.3). In the last case the definite article has the semantic notion of slack regulator, i.e. the context associates each denotation with a set of objects of the same logical type as the denotation that differs from it only in pragmatically ignorable ways, according to the interpretation of Lasersohn. The logical and semantic significance of the definite article within noun constructions mentioned in section 7. of the paper is of great importance to the speaker since the definite article takes an active role in modifying, /re/moduling and /re/presenting the very essence of his/her message during the discourse.
The secret report of Alexander Karatheodori Pasha on the Congress of Berlin
No full textAleksandar Karateodori-paša je istaknuti turski diplomata i šef tročlane delegacije koja je na Berlinskom kongresu 1878. godine zastupala interese Osmanske imperije. Utiske o toku i učesnicima Berlinskog kongresa zapisao je u Tajnom izveštaju koji je u trećem tomu dela Mirat-ı Hakikat na turskom jeziku štampao turski istoričar Mahmud Dželaledin 1909. godine, a deset godina kasnije na francuskom jeziku pod naslovom Tajni izveštaj o Berlinskom kongresu upućen Visokoj Porti od strane Karateodori- paše, prvog turskog predstavnika francuski pisac Bertran Barej. U radu se razmatra turski prevod ovog memoarskog dela kao autorovog ličnog sagledavanja odluka, atmosfere koja je vladala tokom Berlinskog kongresa i odnosa među njegovim glavnim protagonistima.The work brings the analysis of the report of the chief Ottoman representative on the Congress of Berlin 1878. The report was written in French, but it was also published in Ottoman Turkish as a chapter of Mahmud Celaleddin's book Mirat-ı Hakikat that is used in this work. The secret report of Alexander Karatheodori Pasha as a whole has never been used in the Serbian historiography. It is only Grgur Jakšić who dealt with this source in French, but only with its part concerning Bosnia and Herzegovina on the Congress of Berlin. The author of this contribution tried to look at the report as an important source both for the Congress itself, but also as a source that lightens the main characteristics of the Ottoman diplomacy and its impact on the international affairs. The secret report is an interesting and authentic historical source that gives a live picture and atmosphere of the sessions of the Congress and its main participants
"The Thing Itself" Ironic Hermeneutics of the Subject in King Lear
No full textThe paper discusses the process of self-knowing experienced by the main character in King Lear, through the self-deposed King's dialogues with various protagonists of the play - his closest relatives, his servants, fellow-sufferers on the heath and even the forces of nature. His deepest knowledge comes from the encounter with Edgar in the disguise of Poor Tom, when his reason finally gives way before he can realize what he has done to himself
