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Inter-, trans-, multi-, pluri-, supra-, cross-, catacultural: Innovative concepts or "old wine in new wineskins"? Some considerations from the perspective of German as a foreign language [INTER-, TRANS-, MULTI, PLUR-, SUPRA-, KROS-: INOVATIVNI POJMOVI ILI
No full textBilingual classes in Serbian and German in "Stevan Sremac", the First grammar school of Niš
No full textoai:repff.fil.bg.ac.rs:123456789/4U ovom radu analizira se model bilingvalne nastave na srpskom i nemačkom jeziku, koji se primenjuje u Prvoj niškoj gimnaziji „Stevan Sremac”. Na osnovu rezultata prikupljenih nakon terenskog istraživanja, predstavljaju se aktuelni problemi i izazovi sa kojima se škola, nastavnici i učenici1 susreću u radu. Pored teorijskog okvira bilingvalne nastave, doktorska teza obuhvata аnаlizu rezultаtа testirаnjа receptivnih jezičkih veštinа (rаzumevаnje pisanog teksta) nа primerimа DSD testova za nivo znanja A2/B1, kаo i stručnih tekstovа iz srpskog jezika i književnosti, istorije, muzičke i likovne kulture. Testirani su učenici Prve niške gimnаzije koji usvajaju nemački jezik u okviru bilingvalne nastave (eksperimentalna grupa), dok su kontrolnu grupu činili učenici koji prate nastavu nemačkog jezika po tradicionalnom školskom programu, kao i učenici filološkog smera, koji nastavu nemačkog jezika takođe pohađaju po tradicionalnom školskom programu, ali sa povećanim fondom časova. Najbolje rezultate na testiranju postigli su učenici bilingvalnog smera, što je i dokazano empirijski, deskriptivnom i kvalitativno-kvantitativnom analizom. U okviru doktorske teze, proučavaju se i efekti primene bilingvalne nastave nemačkog jezika na personalne karakteristike učenika. Teza obuhvata i povezanost upotrebe interneta, televizije, aplikacija i igara na nemačkom jeziku sa rezultatima iz nemačkog jezika učenika bilingvalnog, filološkog i društveno-jezičkog smera. Rezultati istraživanja su potvrdili povezanost personalnih karakteristika učenika sa njihovim postignutim rezultatima iz nemačkog jezika. Pozitivan efekat dala je primena ovih dodatnih metoda za učenje jezika nezavisno od obrazovnog smera učenika.This paper analyses the model of bilingual teaching in Serbian and German, applied at “Stevan Sremac”, the First Grammar School of Niš. The current issues and challenges faced by the teachers and students of the school during their work are presented on the basis of the results collected after the field research.12 In addition to the theoretical framework of bilingual teaching, the doctoral thesis includes the analysis of the results of assessing receptive language skills (reading comprehension) on the examples of DSD tests for the A2/B1 knowledge level, as well as professional texts in the fields of literature, history, music and art. The testing involved the students of the First Grammar School of Niš who learn German as part of their bilingual classes (experimental group), while the control group consisted of students who attend German language classes according to the traditional curriculum, as well as students of the philology class, who also attend German language classes according to the traditional curriculum, but with a greater number of classes. The best test results were achieved by the bilingual students. This was proven empirically, and by employing a descriptive and qualitative-quantitative analysis. The effects of the implementation of bilingual teaching of the German language on the personal characteristics of students are also studied in the doctoral thesis. In addition, the thesis includes the connection between the use of the Internet, television, applications and games in the German language and the German language test results realized by the students of bilingual, philological and social science and language classes. The results of the research confirmed the connection between the personal abilities of the students and their German language test results. The use of the Internet, watching television, using applications and games in German, as well as learning the language outside of the students’ class, yielded a positive effect
Crnjanski – Freiligrath – Whitman: connections and influences
No full textУ тексту се разматра улога немачког песника Фердинанда Фрајлиграта и америчког песника Волта Витмена у формирању раних политичких и
поетолошких ставова Милоша Црњанског. Интересантно је да српски песник
и писац, који је ретко и нерадо говорио о својим литерарним узорима, у својим
аутобиографско-лирским сећањима Итака и коментари на два места помиње
Фрајлиграта, тврдећи да се са њим у младости поистовећивао. Иако се веза
неоспорно открива у политичким идејама и револуционарним тежњама двојице песника, чини се да Фрајлигратов значај треба уједно тражити и у његовој
улози „посредника“ – аутора који је упознавањем немачке књижевне јавности са
поезијом Волта Витмена несумњиво утицао на развој модерног песништва не
само у тој земљи већ и шире.This paper seeks to shed light on Ferdinand Freiligrath`s and Walt Whitman`s impact upon Miloš Crnjanski`s early political and poetological reflections. It is interesting that the Serbian poet and writer, who rarely and
reluctantly spoke about his literary role models, mentions the German poet
Ferdinand Freiligrath twice in his autobiographical work Ithaca and Comments, claiming he identified with him during his youth. Although obvious
connections can be found in political ideas and revolutionary aspirations shared by the two poets, Freiligrath's significance seems to lie in the fact that
he introduced Walt Whitman to the German literary audience and thus undoubtedly influenced the development of modern poetry
Coexistence of forms in Сербіе плачевно пакипорабощені (1815)
No full textУ раду је извршена анализа напоредних облика у делу Сербїе плачевно пакипорабощенїе (1815) анонимног аутора, која је показала да је за њега, као за типично дело писано доситејевским типом славеносрпског језика, карактеристична честа коегзистенција сродних облика. Напоредност се запажа и између двеју форми из српскога народног језика (Херцеговина : Ерцеговина, Еникије : Енићије, госпоја : госпођа, шанцови : шанцеви), али пре свега између славенизама и народних речи (љубов : љубав, конец : конац, кров : крв, тисјашча : тисућа, Черногорци : Црногорци). Овакво стање у тексту упоређује се са типичним одређењима доситејевског језика и статусом лексичких славенизама у њему.The paper analyzes parallel forms in the work Ceo6ie u pi aeBHo uakuuopa6oweHie (1815) by an anonymous author, which showed it was, as a typical work written in the Dositej's type of the Slavonic-Serbian language, characterized by the frequent coexistence of related forms. The parallelism is also noticed between the two forms from the Serbian vernacular (XepueoBuHa: EpueoBuHa, EHukuje: EHuhuje, ocuoja: ocuoha, waHuoBu: waHveBu) but above all between Slavicisms and folk lexemes (y6oB: y6aB, kappa oHeu: kappa oHau; kappa poB: kappa pb. wucjawa: wucyha, YepHoopuu: pHoopuu). This situation in the text is compared with the typical definitions of Dositej's language and the status of lexical Slavicisms in it
When Does the Conjunction Dok ‘While/Until’ Have an Adversative Meaning?
No full textУ раду се разматрају параметри који подстичу или чак чине обавезном интерпретацију везника „док“ у његовом супротном (контрастном) значењу. То су следећи параметри: да ли се ситуације означене клаузама одвијају у исто време или не; постоји ли дисконтинуитет у дискурсу; постоји ли супротност међу ситуацијама означеним клаузама; на ком се месту у реченици налази везник „док“; какав је тип ситуација означених клаузама; какав је видски распоред глагола (предиката) у клаузама. Ти параметри се анализирају засебно и у свом међудејству.Since the conjunction dok can have both temporal and adversative meaning, this paper analyzes the parameters which determine its interpretation. We singled out the following parameters:
(i) whether the situations denoted by the clauses occur at the same time or not;(ii) whether there is
discontinuity in discourse (which is typically, although not exclusively, expressed by different subjects); (iii) whether there is opposition/contrast between the situations denoted by the clauses or
their elements; (iv) the position of the conjunction dok in the sentence: initial or medial;(v) the situation types denoted by the clauses; (vi) the aspectual distribution of verbs (predicates) in the clauses.
We reached the following conclusions: the conjunction dok will be obligatory interpreted as
adversative when the situations denoted by two clauses are not simultaneous or if they are expressed
by different verbal forms, and most probably as such if dok is in the medial position, preceded by a
comma. A discontinuity in the discourse is necessary for an adversative interpretation. For such an
interpretation, there is usually a contrast between the situations or their elements. An adversative
reading of the conjunction dok will be probably incited by a perfective verbal aspect of predicates in
both clauses, very aggravated by aspectual ordering typical for the temporal dok (imperfect verb
after dok, perfect verb in the second clause), and will be obligatory when the aspectual ordering is
opposite ‒ all of that, of course, if the absolute criterion of verbal tense, i.e., verbal form does not
prevail. Its adversative interpretation is instigated in cases when the situations in two clauses are not
limited (usually expressed by the qualifying present tense or perfect), and, generally speaking, if it
is impossible to locate one situation by the other one. The conjunction dok is thus an excellent example of how sentence interpretation depends on various linguistic factors ‒ lexical, grammatic, pragmatic, wider semantic, and especially of how the complicated network of their mutual influence is
sensitive to a change of each of them.
The use of dok in journalistic writing is often formal: it fakes a contrast which cannot be observed. In such cases it functions as a stylistic variant of the conjunction a, which means that it loses
its semantic specificity ‒ to denote contrast and discontinuity in discourse ‒ by which the range of
expressional possibilities of Serbian is reduced
Tромплејска бића и тератолошки концепт уметности
No full textУ раду се образлаже концепт онтолошки бивалентних бића,
тромплејских јунака. На примерима оживелих кипова и оживелих портрета анализирају се њихова својства: зазорљивост, амбивалентност, лиминалност. На основу књижевних дела у којима се
препознају обрасци екфрастичког писма (Пушкинов „Бронзани
коњаник” и „Камени гост”, Балзаково „Непознато ремек-дело”,
Меримеова „Илска Венера”, Поов „Овални портрет”, Гогољев
„Портрет”, Вајлдова Слика Доријана Греја, „Мраморни убица”
Војислава Илића) прави се каталог тромплеја. Други део рада
је посвећен експликацији тератолошког концепта уметности и
тематизацијама уметника чудовишта и демоничне стране стваралачког чина
Bread as (non)presence in the Matija Beckovic's poetry
No full textIn the present paper, we presented the presence, meaning and symbolism of the lexeme bread in the poetry of Matija Beckovic. At the same time, we observed the symbolism of " bread" in the history and tradition of polytheistic peoples, followed by Christianity and Orthodoxy, and the Serbian heritage, as well as in the poetry of Matija Beckovic. Our conclusion is that nowhere is bread so deeply, so essentially praised as in the poetry of Matija Beckovic, although it is almost never mentioned in the poetry we analyzed in particular. Bread is distant, unattainable, a dream, and yet here, ours, essential, measure of everything in our life. Bread, everyday, food, life, is a gift of God, which is not to be played with, it cannot be mentioned in vain, neither dreamed, nor seen, possessed, or consumed, whatsoever. In the most profound of senses: Do not take the name of the Lord in vain, nor the Word, nor "the bread of life.
Библиотеке и књижна продукција у Европи током 16. и 17. века
No full textУ раду су представљене најважније промене у сфери објављивања и штампања „књига“, које су се десиле током 16. и 17.
века. Издаваштво и штампарство приказани су кроз преглед делатности знаменитих појединаца и група у различитим
европским земљама, а упоредо је дат преглед нових носилаца информација: летака, памфлета, брошура те периодичних
публикација, попут календара, алманаха, новина и часописа.
Политичке, верске и културне промене, које су са собом донели јачање владарског апсолутизма, протестантизам,
реформација, научна револуција и барок као уметнички правац, посматране су у овом раду из позиције историчара
књиге, али и историчара библиотека. Пропадање манастирских збирки књига, које су током целог средњег века
биле најзначајнији чувари писане баштине, развој краљевских колекција, универзитетских, специјалних и приватних
библиотека богатих грађана, организација фондова, статус библиотекара и архитектура библиотека, представљени
су тако да јасно сведоче о социјалној утемељености библиотечке делатности. Нарочито је истакнут значај текстова
о уређењу библиотека који су се појавили у првој половини 17. века: они су доприносили ширењу знања о начину
организације фондова, што је током следећих стотинак година довело до стварања савремених типова библиотека.This paper presents the most important changes in the field of "book" publishing and printing that occurred in the 16th and 17th centuries. Publishing and printing are presented through an overview of the activities of notable individuals and groups in different European countries, with a parallel overview of some new media: leaflets, pamphlets, brochures, and periodicals such as calendars, almanacs, newspapers, and magazines. In the paper, the political, religious, and cultural changes brought by the strengthening of the absolutism of the rulers, Protestantism, the Reformation, the scientific revolution, and Baroque as a style in art, are observed from the positions of both book historians and library historians. The decline of monastic collections of books, which throughout the Middle Ages were the most important custodians of written heritage, the development of royal collections, university and special libraries, private libraries of wealthy citizens, funds organization, the status of librarians, and library architecture, are presented in such a way as to testify clearly to the social foundation of library activities. The importance of texts on the arrangement of libraries that appeared in the first half of the 17th century is especially underlined. They show how important this issue was for the contemporaries who increasingly emphasized the need for greater availability of publications. These works contributed to the increase of knowledge about possible ways of organizing funds and the internationalization of this issue, which, over the next hundred years, led to the creation of the modern types of libraries. Behind all these efforts, the contours of a user as the central figure of the communication chain in the library activity slowly began to be discerned
Present Tense and Ska + Infinitive as Means of Expressing Future Predications in Modern Swedish
No full textPoput svojih srodnika iz germanske grupe jezika, švedski jezik ne poznaje morfološki
markiran glagolski oblik koji signalizuje da je jedna predikacija buduća u odnosu na trenutak
govora, te se u njemu u cilju iskazivanja futurskih predikacija upotrebljavaju druga jezička
sredstva. Predstojanje jedne predikacije u vremenu može se tako u iskazima signalizovati
prezentom u sadejstvu sa odgovarajućim (van)rečeničnim kontekstom, te pomoću složenih
glagolskih konstrukcija ska + infinitiv, kommer (att) + infinitiv i tänker + infinitiv. Svako od
ovih jezičkih sredstava podrazumeva pak određene specifičnosti koje uslovljavaju i određene
specifičnosti konteksta u kome se upotrebljavaju. Kao predmet istraživanja u ovom radu
izdvajamo (futurski) prezent i konstrukciju ska + infinitiv, u prvom redu zato što se oni
pokazuju kao najfrekventnija sredstva za iskazivanje futurskih predikacija u savremenom
švedskom jeziku. Ispitivanju podvrgavamo niz primera odgovarajućih švedskih (pretežno)
prostih rečenica, kako bismo, u prvom redu, detaljnije ispitali upotrebu futurskog prezenta i
konstrukcije ska + infinitiv kao sredstva za iskazivanje budućih predikacija u savremenom
švedskom jeziku, a zatim i doneli zaključke koji bi ukazali na dalje pravce istraživanja kako
ovih, tako i drugih sredstava za iskazivanje futurskih predikacija u savremenom švedskom
jeziku.Swedish does not have any inflectional form of the verb to indicate simple future, and
uses instead several other means in order to express this type of futurity. Future predications
in this sense can be expressed by means of the simple present tense, usually in conjunction
with a time adverbial, or with constructions ska + infinitive, kommer (att) + infinitive and
tänker + infinitive, all of which, beside futurity, express some type(s) of modality. This paper
focuses on the present tense and the construction ska + infinitive as two of the most frequent
and modally most dissimilar means of expressing future predications in Modern Swedish. By
analyzing a number of examples of (mostly simple) Swedish sentences, we aim to illustrate
and analyze temporal and modal components of these means of expressing future
predications, as well as to investigate their compatibility with (in)animate subjects in Swedish
sentences. We find, inter alia, that the present tense is the most neutral means of expressing
future predications with regard to modality, unbiased with respect to animacy of the sentence
subject, and that the construction ska + infinitive, while also unbiased with respect to animacy
of the sentence subject, has a strong modal component (indicating intention and/or obligation)
when combined with an animate subject; this modal component, however, often gives way to
the constructions temporal component when combined with an inanimate subject, which in
turn suggests an emergence of ska + infinitive as a fully grammaticalized future marker in
Modern Swedish. We conclude our paper with several outlines for further investigations of all
the means of expressing future predications in Modern Swedish
A melancholic Chinese in Japan: Yu Dafu’s “Sinking”
No full textZa vreme pokreta Četvrtog maja (五四运动) Ju Dafu (郁达夫, 1896-1945) je bio izuzetno
važna i uticajna figura na kineskoj književnoj sceni, kao i najznačajniji prozni pisac romantizma
u Kini. Pod uticajem zapadne književnosti, ali i japanskog književnog žanra šišōsecu (私小説), u
svojoj ranoj prozi stvorio je nezaboravan lik „suvišnog čoveka” — melanholičnog, osetljivog i
usamljenog mladića, koga razdiru seksualne želje i koji, suočen s velikim društvenim i kulturnim
promenama, nije u stanju da se uklopi u društvo.
U ovom radu, analizom Ju Dafuove novele „Potonuće” (沉沦, 1921) pokušaćemo da
ispitamo krizu ličnog i nacionalnog identiteta mladih kineskih intelektualaca tokom njihovog
boravka u Japanu u politički osetljivom periodu kinesko-japanskih odnosa. U radu ćemo se dotaći
i uticaja koji je japanska literarna forma šišōsecu imala na Ju Dafuovu prozu kako bismo ukazali
na moderne književne elemente koje je ovaj pisaca uneo u svoje stvaralaštvo, što mu je donelo
reputaciju jednog od najavangardnijih onovremenih književnika.During the New Culture Movement (新文化运动) Yu Dafu (郁达夫, 1896-1945) was a very
important and influential figure on the Chinese literary scene, and the most significant fiction
writer of Romanticism in China. Influenced by both Western literature and the Japanese
shishōsetsu (私小説) literary genre, in his early fiction he created an unforgettable character of
a “superfluous man” — a melancholic, sensitive, lonely young man, tormented by his sexual
desires and unable to fit into the society that has undergone tremendous cultural and social
changes.
In this paper, through the analysis of Yu Dafu’s novella “Sinking” (沉沦, 1921), we will try
to explore the confusion of Japan-based young Chinese intellectuals about their personal and
national identity, which climaxed during the politically sensitive period of Sino-Japanese
relations. At the same time, the paper attempts to offer some insight into the influence of the
Japanese literary form shishōsetsu on Yu Dafu’s writing as a source of modern literary elements,
thus gaining the reputation of one of the most avant-garde writers of his time