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Overestimated Balance Sheet — the Astray of Research Without Archival Sources. In Response to Kazimierz Przeszowski
No full textThe polemic reviews the research of Kazimierz Przeszowski, which was intended as a balance sheet of previous estimates by Stanisław Płoski and Ewa Śliwińska, Adam Borkiewicz, Hanns von Krannhals, Maria Turlejska, Antoni Przygoński, Joanna Hanson, Maja Motyl and Stanisław Rutkowski, Piotr Gursztyn, Norbert Bączyk and Grzegorz Jasiński, as well as Hubert Kuberski. These estimates indicate that the number of victims of the Wola massacre ranged from 10,000 to 57,600 (even 65,000). This part can be considered a precise summary of previous studies. However, the subsequent section of the article is based on statistical research derived from postwar historians’ studies (lacking statistical data from 1938–1944), which does not allow for detailed research. The comparative analysis of mass executions in Rumbula near Riga, Babi Yar near Kyiv, and executions carried out during Operation ‘Ertnefest’ [sic! actually — Aktion ‘Erntefest’] in Distrikt Lublin is even more problematic, as the author proves that German forces in Wola were sufficient to exterminate even 65,000 people. Przeszowski demonstrated that the Wola district was estimated to have been inhabited by around 100,000 people in the summer of 1944, potential victims of mass executions. These finding, indicate the need for a new methodological approach and further archival research into the number of human losses in Wola in 1944, particularly concerning the analysis of documents preserved in the Bundesarchiv. This place provides an orientation to the number of German, Austrian and Eastern European exterminators during the two-day danse macabre in Northern County — commonly known as the Wola district
O nieznanym liście dedykacyjnym Marcina Paszkowskiego poprzedzającym księgę VII Kroniki Sarmacyjej europskiej Aleksandra Gwagnina – glosa do biografii i twórczości poety i tłumacza
Get PDFThe article reports the discovery of a variant title page and an unknown dedicatory letter by Marcin Paszkowski, preceding Book VII of The European Sarmatian Chronicle by Alexander Guagnini. The unknown letter, addressed to Stanisław and Zygmunt Mniszech, is found in a copy of the chronicle held in the collection of the Library of the Warsaw School of Economics (ref. 12 440). This letter replaced the official dedication to Lew Sapieha. The aim of the study is to verify the hypothesis of whether the poet personally participated in the Dymitriads or was merely a propagandist supporting the conquest of the Grand Duchy of Moscow while in the service of the Mniszech family or the royal court. The analysis established that the inventive material of the letter is largely based on the preface to Kolęda Moskiewska (Muscovite Carol) by Paweł Palczowski, and that Paszkowski was not a participant in the events, whose course he knew also from the accounts of Adam Władysławiusz and Sebastian Lifftel. He used their works while translating Book VII of Guagnini’s chronicle as well as in writing Posiłek Bellony słowieńskiej (The Reinforcement of Slavic Bellona). Paszkowski sought patrons by attributing Book VII of the chronicle to the Mniszech family and treating it as a separate work. The poet argues for the possibility of conquering the Grand Duchy of Moscow, which would result in a personal union.Artykuł informuje o odkryciu odmiennej karty tytułowej i nieznanego listu dedykacyjnego autorstwa Marcina Paszkowskiego poprzedzających księgę VII Kroniki Sarmacyjej europskiej Aleksandra Gwagnina. Nieznany list, skierowany do Stanisława i Zygmunta Mniszchów, znajduje się w egzemplarzu kroniki ze zbiorów Biblioteki Szkoły Głównej Handlowej w Warszawie (sygn. 12 440). Zastąpił on oficjalny list skierowany do Lwa Sapiehy. Celem studium jest weryfikacja hipotezy, czy poeta osobiście brał udział w dymitriadach, czy był tylko wspierającym podbój Wielkiego Księstwa Moskiewskiego propagandystą pozostającym na usługach rodziny Mniszchów bądź dworu królewskiego. W trakcie analiz ustalono, że materię inwencyjną listu stanowi w znacznej mierze przedmowa z Kolędy moskiewskiej Pawła Palczowskiego, że Paszkowski nie był uczestnikiem zdarzeń, których przebieg znał również z relacji Adama Władysławiusza i Sebastiana Lifftela. Korzystał z ich prac tłumacząc księgę VII kroniki Gwagnina, jak też pisząc Posiłek Bellony słowieńskiej. Paszkowski szukał mecenasów, przypisując Mniszchom księgę VII kroniki i traktując ją jako osobne dzieło. Poeta dowodzi możliwości podboju Wielkiego Księstwa Moskiewskiego, którego następstwem byłaby unia personalna
„Pokrewieństwo duchowe, pomimo licznych przeciwieństw”. Rzecz o juweniliach Władysława Stanisława Reymonta i Romana Dmowskiego
Get PDFThis article attempts to reconstruct the artistic and ideological profile of Roman Dmowski and Władysław Stanisław Reymont at the time of their literary debuts. Although the men did not know each other personally at the time, they were involved in similar political, social or creative initiatives, were inspired by similar content, and had many friends in common at the time. Years later, however, both men distanced themselves from their early attitudes. Based on my research, I hypothesise that their main ideological background at the time was Polish socialism (independence socialism), and the social dominance of their work was concern for the fate of the simple folk. I base my conclusions primarily on an analysis of texts that these writers either did not publish in their lifetime or tried to conceal the fact of their publication (e.g. Dmowski’s Nie zapomną… and Odezwa zwana marcowa; Pracy! and Wigilia Bożego Narodzenia by Reymont), as well as on the basis of ideological characteristics of the circles (mainly the Warsaw ”Głos”) to which they belonged during the period in question.Artykuł stanowi próbę odtworzenia profilu artystycznego i ideologicznego Władysława Stanisława Reymonta i Romana Dmowskiego z okresu ich literackich debiutów. Obaj, choć nie znali się jeszcze wówczas osobiście, to angażowali się w podobne inicjatywy polityczne, społeczne czy twórcze, inspirowali się podobnymi treściami, mieli też wielu wspólnych znajomych. Po latach natomiast zarówno jeden, jak i drugi odcinali się od swoich wczesnych postaw. Na podstawie moich badań wysnuwam tezę, że głównym zapleczem światopoglądowym obu: przyszłego noblisty i endeckiego ideologa był w tamtym czasie socjalizm polski (socjalizm niepodległościowy), a społeczną dominantę ich twórczości stanowiła troska o los prostego ludu. Moje konkluzje opieram przede wszystkim na analizie tekstów, których albo nie wydali za życia, albo starali się zataić fakt ich publikacji (m.in. Nie zapomną… i Odezwa zwana marcową Romana Dmowskiego oraz Pracy! i Wigilia Bożego Narodzenia Władysława Reymonta), a także – na charakterystyce ideologicznej środowisk (głównie warszawskiego „Głosu”), do których obaj przynależeli w interesującym mnie okresie
Over-The-Phone Commuity Interpreting: A Corpus-Based Analysis of Interpreted Interactions in Community Settings
No full textThis paper examines the under-researched field of Polish–English telephone interpreting, with particular focus on the interactional environment and methods of connection. It first outlines the emergence of telephone interpreting, considers its advantages and disadvantages, and then presents a summary of findings from a corpus study conducted in 2024, in which 250 Polish–English interpreting interactions were recorded and analysed with reference to the method of connection between parties and the sectoral distribution of topics or issues discussed in those interactions. As OPI is conducted exclusively through the auditory channel, interpreters are deprived of visual cues; consequently, each method of connection presents both benefits and drawbacks, with the three-way conference call emerging as the most effective format for telephonic interactions between Polish speakers who decide to use the services of Polish-English OPI interpreters
Translational Dynamics in Urban Space: Exploring Battala’s Multilingual Cultural Encounter
No full text“Battala” is a Bengali metonym for commercial print culture which gained popularity during the Bengal Renaissance. This print culture became a translational palimpsest, disseminating literary genres and leading to the creation of a site where high and low culture converged. Our paper examines the complex relationship between 19th-century colonial Calcutta and the languages in this fast-developing city. The popular print culture blurred distinctions between cultural forms, transcending geographical and literary boundaries of the colonial cosmopolis.
This paper contributes to the discourse on translating otherness in the city by demonstrating how Battala intricately reflected relationships between language, memory, and urban space within the historical and cultural context of colonial Calcutta. This is done through an analysis of selected works, including Koutuk Shatak by Harishchandra Mitra, Rar Bhar Mithya Katha Tin Loye Kolikata by Pyarimohan Sen, and Ki Mojar Koler Gari by Munsi Azimuddin. Other works that highlight the blurring of cultural spaces include the translation of The Arabian Nights by Avinash Chandra Mitra (titled Sachitra Ekadhik Sahasra Dibas). Additionally, translations of Ameer Hamzar Puthi by Abdun Nabi and Shah Muhammad Saghir’s Yūsuf Zuleikhā show significant Urdu and Arabic-Persian influence.
By analyzing Battala’s interactions with marketplaces, different communities, and intellectual salons, this study adds to the interdisciplinary discussion on translation and urban space. It examines the city’s symbolic representations in popular literature, as well as its geographic location and social significance
Community Centres as Sites of Translation: Placemaking in Edinburgh
No full textThis article presents a research project comprising a series of community initiatives in Edinburgh, a city which displays a disproportionately English-heavy linguistic profile, despite the cosmopolitan influences of both migration and tourism. Our case study created sites that can be conceptualised as translation spaces, where the dominant direction of translation is challenged and critiqued, or even temporarily reversed to reclaim urban space. The research team collaborated with local libraries and community centres to establish several sites of translation. This paper focuses on one key site: a series of art workshops led by refugee artists. Drawing upon the concept of translation space from Translation Studies, we explicitly thematised the role of language(s) and language exchange in these microsites, so that language traffic and dynamics could be observed, discussed, and challenged. In this way, this article contributes to the study of translation space in two aspects. Firstly, it demonstrates how contested language spaces can be analysed through translation practices manifested in various material modes, including interpretations (or, oral translations) provided by participants for one another in art workshops, and intersemiotic translation, from feelings through languages to artwork. Secondly, the paper reflects on how creating such microsites of translation can contribute to resisting the dominant direction of translation in the city
Translation as a Spatial Process: The Linguistic Landscape of Caroline Bergvall’s Soundworks and Installations
No full textIn a constantly evolving, interconnected world, both urban and rural space has become a symbolic site of linguistic and cultural gathering. Thus, translation implies a spatial dimension in which different voices converge to represent a plural, heterogeneous world. Among experimental artist Caroline Bergvall’s interlinguistic and multimodal soundworks, the installation VIA (48 Dante Variations) and the performance Ragadawn highlight the importance of the migration of languages through creative exchange. In this case study, through works that invite a real and figurative journey through language(s), sounds, silence, noise, discourses, and history, I engage with the latest trends in Translation Studies to conceive space as a semiotic landscape that communicates beyond linguistic boundaries. Translating these multimodal works also entails translating a multilingual setting in a creative way, conceiving the environment as a palimpsest (to be) translated, and highlighting the figure of the translator as a cultural agent
“The city of their fathers”: Urban Space, Memory, and Language in Stuart Dybek’s Short Fiction
No full textStuart Dybek is a writer invariably associated with his neighborhood of Pilsen/Little Village on Chicago’s Lower West Side. Having grown up there as a descendant of immigrants from Poland, Dybek frequently “revisits” his old neighborhood in his writing. His texts showcase the changes of the urban space, narrated through references to the material, social, cultural, and linguistic environment. In this essay, I will analyze two of Dybek’s texts—the sequence “Hot Ice” from his second collection of stories The Coast of Chicago and the story “Qué Quieres” from I Sailed with Magellan—to probe the palimpsestic construction of urban space, whereby the past, present, and future of urban orders are narrated simultaneously. Both texts illustrate ethnic succession in the neighborhood—from Slavs to Hispanics—which finds its reflection in the linguistic layer of the stories and construes translation as an inevitable element of urban experience
Prospekty i inne wypowiedzi odredakcyjne w polskiej prasie osiemnastowiecznej, czyli o budowaniu wspólnoty komunikatywnej
No full textA prospectus was a fairly popular form in the 18th and 19th centuries for announcing new publications, including new press titles. The article’s material base consists of prospectuses and other editorial statements introducing a newspaper. The research focuses on texts from the 18th-century, the early stage of the development of the Polish periodical press. This period was also marked by the press’s significant influence on shaping Enlightenment values. The aim of the study is to analyze the content of prospectuses to identify factors that contributed to attracting readers, ultimately leading to the creation of a communicative community. The analyses revealed that one key factor fostering the formation of a reading community was the editorial declaration of the newspaper’s goals, which aligned with the values embraced by the audience (these included educational and moral objectives). There were numerous references to Enlightenment values such as science, truth, and freedom. The prospectuses promised to deliver current, reliable, and accurate information. Efforts were also made to attract readers through the newspaper’s appearance, such as good-quality paper and printing.Prospekt to dość popularna w XVIII i XIX stuleciu forma informowania o nowych publikacjach, w tym o nowych tytułach prasowych. Podstawę materiałową artykułu stanowią prospekty oraz inne wypowiedzi odredakcyjne zapowiadające gazetę. Do badań wybrano teksty z XVIII stulecia, czyli z początków polskiej prasy periodycznej. Był to także czas, w którym prasa w istotny sposób wpływała na propagowanie wartości oświeceniowych. Celem opracowania jest analiza zawartości treściowej prospektów zmierzająca do wskazania czynników, które służyły pozyskiwaniu czytelników, co w konsekwencji prowadziło do tworzenia wspólnoty komunikatywnej. Analizy wykazały, że czynnikiem sprzyjającym powstawaniu wspólnoty czytelniczej była deklaracja redakcji co do celów gazety bliskich wyznawanym wartościom (były to cele wychowawcze, edukacyjne). Dość liczne były odwołania do wartości oświeceniowych, takich jak: nauka, prawda, wolność. W prospektach deklarowano publikowanie aktualnych, pewnych i rzetelnych wiadomości. Starano się pozyskać czytelników także wyglądem gazety (dobrą jakością papieru i druku)
