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Intangible Factors in China-US Relations towards Taiwan Issue
No full textThe Taiwan issue remains one of the most complex disputes in China-US relations, where strategic rivalry collides with regional and global security concerns. Beyond material power, intangible factors influence the dynamics across the Taiwan Strait. This article seeks to identify and analyze intangible factors in China-US relations regarding Taiwan through the lens of constructivism. The study focuses on three key elements: Chinese identity and historical narrative, which support Beijing's call for reunification; democratic values and American identity strategy, which shape Washington's approach to Taiwan; and media and discourse, which influence public perception and policy debates. Furthermore, ongoing scholarly disputes about these elements are investigated, exposing how contested meanings and constructed identities contribute to tensions and chances for dialogue. The findings indicates that comprehending the Taiwan issue necessitates paying attention not just to material interests, but also to how intangible factors are socially generated and replicated in China-US-Taiwan interactions
Migration and Border Management System in Ghana: The Contribution of Ghana Immigration Service
No full textMigration and border management remain central to Ghana’s national security, human mobility, and development discourse. As a key institution mandated to regulate and facilitate migration, the Ghana Immigration Service (GIS) plays a critical role in safeguarding territorial integrity while promoting lawful and humane mobility. This paper examines the evolving relationship between migration governance and border management in Ghana, focusing on the contribution of the GIS within the broader national and regional migration architecture. Drawing on recent policy developments, including the GIS Strategic Plan (2023–2029), the International Centre for Migration Policy Development’s (ICMPD) Strengthening Border Security in Ghana Project (2023), and the 2021 Population and Housing Census Thematic Report on Migration, the paper analyses the institutional, legal, and operational frameworks that shape border management. It identifies persistent challenges such as porous borders, resource constraints, and coordination gaps among agencies, and proposes reforms anchored in technology, inter-agency collaboration, and regional cooperation. The study concludes that strengthening migration governance and border management requires not only enhanced GIS capacity but also integrated policy frameworks aligned with ECOWAS and AU protocols on mobility and security
Violence, Poverty and the Global Security Dilemma in the Sahel Region
No full textThe Sahel region, stretching from Senegal to Sudan, is caught in a spiral of chronic poverty, ethnic and religious tensions, and pervasive armed violence, despite its vast reserves of oil, gold, uranium, and other natural resources. The interests of Western states and multinational corporations in these resources intersect with local dynamics, helping to sustain conflict. This study aims to analyse, within a theoretical framework, how climate change, rapid population growth, rural–urban inequalities, failed state structures and governance crises generate instability in the Sahel. It employs a qualitative approach based on recent academic literature, reports of international organisations and policy documents. Findings indicate that oil, gold and uranium revenues in peripheral areas beyond effective state control finance jihadist organisations and local militias. Western actors’ exploitative interventions further entrench this chaotic environment. Violence and humanitarian crises in the Sahel undermine the stability of neighbouring countries, fuelling irregular migration and terrorism. In conclusion, it is argued that poverty and conflict in the region are driven less by internal dynamics than by the interest-driven manipulation of external actors, and that comprehensive, security-and-development-oriented support from the UN and AU is urgently needed
The Effect of Sales Promotion on Customers Loyalty: A Case Study of the Hayat Market in Mogadishu, Somalia
No full textThis study uses the Hayat Market in Mogadishu, Somalia, as a case study to investigate the impact of sales promotion on customer loyalty. The study examines the effects of three important aspects of sales promotion—tools, frequency, and quality—on consumers' long-term loyalty and repeat purchase behavior. A structured questionnaire was used to gather data from 109 respondents as part of a quantitative research strategy. Cronbach's Alpha, Composite Reliability, and AVE reliability and validity tests verified that every construct satisfied recognized statistical thresholds. The proposed correlations were tested using structural equation modelling, or PLS-SEM. The results show that the model has significant predictive potential, explaining 77.4% of the variance in customer loyalty. Customer loyalty was most strongly and significantly impacted by sales promotion frequency (β = 0.446, p < 0.001), followed by sales promotion tools (β = 0.307, p = 0.001). The effect of sales promotion quality was positive but not statistically significant (β = 0.187, p = 0.055). These findings imply that while sales quality supports—but does not independently drive—customer retention, consistent and appealing promotional activities are crucial in fostering loyalty. According to the study's findings, increasing consumer loyalty in cutthroat retail settings requires consistent promotional involvement and a variety of marketing tactics. The study highlights the significance of strategic promotion planning to improve customer retention and market success, offering retail managers in Mogadishu and comparable markets useful insights
Design, Construction and Validation of a Low Cost Resonance “Futamag” Magnetometer
No full textThe cost of new magnetometers has gone up astronomically and consequently many institutions that need this equipment for teaching and research purposes can hardly afford the price. This predicament compelled the authors to look for electronic components that are available in local markets and shops to fabricate this magnetometer. This magnetometer was designed and constructed using components purchased locally. Construction, Configuration and Standardization of ‘Futamag’ Resonance Magnetometer was done with appropriate validations in the basement complex terrain characterized with crystalline bedrock geologic terrain. ‘Futamag’ Resonance magnetometer and Unimag, as a standard equipment, were used to acquire magnetic data concurrently along the six established traverses at Senior Staff quarters, Federal University of Technology, Akure. Regression analysis was carried out as basis for relative standardization of ‘Futamag’ Resonance Magnetometer by subjecting the data acquired to series of processing and interpretations to test the reliability of the newly constructed magnetometer. The data obtained were interpreted qualitatively by profile correlation using percentage relative trend appraisals and quantitatively, by using half-width method to determine depth to the top of basement. The estimated depths showed a good correlation with little disparity experienced along some traverses. The difference cannot be completely associated to deficiency from ‘Futamag’ but may be as a result of poor control over environmental noise on the part of the ‘Futamag’. Higher level of correlation between the ‘Futamag’ and Unimag Resonance Magnetometers was achieved from the regression analysis with 99% reliability which justifies that construction of resonance magnetometer can be done with locally available materials using appropriate standardization
Assessment of the Effects of Human Settlements on Quality of Ground Water Sources in Lamu Island, Kenya
No full textFresh water is a naturally occurring resource that is found in wells, springs and underground. Its quality is of paramount importance to its domestic and agricultural related activities. The population of Lamu Island in Kenya, has settled and developed along the sand dunes which are the sources of freshwater.The activities they engage has affected the fresh water quality and quantity. Ten (10) water samples from the 34 shallow wells aquifers were analysed for physical, chemical and biological from the southern and northern zone respectively. The analysis results showed that the wells found in the Southern zone of aquifer were more contaminated than the Northern zone wells, based on the descriptive and experimental designs used. Comparatively the Electrical conductivity of the Southern zone wells were significantly higher than the Northern zone wells at 95% Confidence Interval. The demand for fresh water is higher than the supply thereby forcing the authorities to impose water rationing. The study recommends that the Lamu County government develop policies that ensures the sources of fresh water are protected and human settlements are far off from the fresh water aquife
Digital Transformation of the Insurance Business as a Factor in the Small Business and Private Entrepreneurship Digitalization
No full textAzimov, M. Mirsadikov. Digital transformation of the insurance business as a factor in the small business and private entrepreneurship (SBPE) digitalization. The current developing of market relations in Uzbekistan and the improvement of the quality of socio-economic services for businesses and the population of the country to the international standards level require the financial infrastructure of our country to provide a wider range of various services to individuals and legal entities. At the same time, the introduction of new financial instruments and services to overcome existing problems that are prerequisites for the emergence and increase of risks for market relations participants is of particular importance. The SBPE digitalization is significantly behind the insurance business digitalization, which is explained by a lack of knowledge about technologies, shortage of specialized personnel, lack of understanding of the prospects for the implementation of technologies, insufficient development of digital infrastructure and low level of demand for digital goods and services. The digital revolution the insurance business is currently undergoing is a unique opportunity to optimize all business processes, increase added value and generate additional profits. Using the resources of insurance company to improve the digital literacy of SBPE entities will contribute to both expanding the insurance field and increasing the efficiency of SBPE entities
Mathematical Relation between a Particle and a Wave
No full textAs the title suggests, wave-particle relationship in photons or electrons in materials is described in this short communication through differential calculus
A Massive Photon Scattering Model
No full textA massive photon scattering model was derived that compared well with the Compton scattering experimental data concerning X-rays and gamma-ray sources. It reduces the overall quadratic deviations when compared to the Compton model. A photon mass of about 8E-32 kg/45 keV was obtained for x-rays. For the gamma-ray case, the values obtained were about 3.8E-31 kg (214 keV), 1.8E-33 (1.01), and 1.96E-31 (109.74) for 45, 90 and 135 deg., respectively. It is noted that the obtained photon mass values are extremely larger than current upper bounds based on gravitational and electromagnetic experimental (theoretical) estimates, but they are close to or above the lower bound of some dark photon models addressing the missing mass (dark matter) problem, which estimates a lower bound photon mass of about 3 keV
The Development Course, Current Situation, and Future Outlook of China–Somalia Relations: A China-Africa Community with a Shared Future
No full textBuilding a China–Africa community with a shared future is one of the strategic frameworks of China-Africa cooperation, aiming to promote common development through strengthening bilateral collaboration in economic, cultural, political, security, and other fields. China-Somalia relations, as an important component of China-Africa relations, have made significant progress in multiple areas in recent years. By reviewing the historical development, current achievements in political, economic, and cultural cooperation, and exploring future cooperation potential, this paper puts forward paths and strategies for further deepening cooperation