UP Journals (Univ. of Pretoria)
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Tshwane 2055 and the (im)possibility of spatial justice: Tshwane 2055 en die (On)moontlikheid van Ruimtelike Geregtigheid
No full textDie Tshwane 2055 beleidsdokument bevat verskeie verwysings na ruimtelike geregtigheid. Deur te steun op die werk van Henri Lefebvre en Doreen Massey verskaf die artikel ’n inhoud aan die konsep van ruimtelike geregtigheid en reageer daardeur op Philippopoulos-Mihalopoulos se kritiek dat ruimtelike geregtigheid onvoldoende teoretiese grondslag het en nie bloot kan dui op geregtigheid binne ruimtes nie. Teen die agtergrond van hierdie teorieë, tesame met die uitkoms en nadraai van die Schubart Park beslissing, is die sentrale argument dat Tswhane 2055 beide die moontlikheid en onmoontlikheid van ruimtelike geregtigheid inhou. Die UN-HABITAT verslag van die verenigde nasies en Joburg 2030 dien as voorbeelde van die spanning tussen stedelike opknapping-oogmerke en geregtigheid
Loureiro and Others v iMvula Quality Protection (Pty) Ltd 2014 3 SA 394 (SCA): Determination of constitutional nature of contractual and delictual claims - strict contractual liability of security company - vicarious liability of security company for wrongful and negligent conduct of employee
No full textThe suitability and unsuitability of ubuntu in constitutional law - inter-communal relations versus public office-bearing: Die Toepaslikheid en Ontoepaslikheid van Ubuntu in die Staatsreg - Inter-gemeenskapsbetrekkinge Teenoor Openbare Ampsbekkleding
No full textIn hierdie artikel word aangevoer dat ubuntu in bepaalde kontekste in die staatsreg van besondere waarde kan wees, maar dat die toepaslikheid daarvan op ander gebiede onder verdenking is. Wat die toepaslikheid daarvan betref, word geredeneer dat daar ’n korpus van reg, genaamd die reg van inter-gemeenskapsbetrekkinge aan die ontwikkel is. Die grondslag hiervan is in die wesensaard van die staat self. Op die keper beskou is die staat die beliggaming van, en waarborg vir die openbare vrede (of behoort dit ten minste so te wees). Die openbare vrede is op sy beurt afhanklik van die instandhouding van gesonde betrekkinge tussen gemeenskappe, by gebreke waarvan die veiligheid van die gemeenskappe in die gedrang kom en die stabiliteit, en trouens die voortbestaan van die staat self, in die gedrang kom. In die bespreking word met verwysing na die beskouing in Suid-Afrikaanse regspraak oor ubuntu aangevoer dat ubuntu saam met die verbod op haatspraak en dergelike verbiedinge wat die openbare vrede kan ontwrig, sowel as die internasionale reg rakende volksmoord en verwante internasionale misdade, die ontluikende reg van inter-gemeenskapsbetrekkinge, beliggaam. Daarenteen kan ubuntu egter treffend ontoepaslik wees naamlik op die gebied van openbare ampsbekleding. Die kernvraag by openbare ampsbekleding is of die ampsbekleër vir die openbare amp waarin sy/haar aangestel is, geskik is en die pligte wat met die amp vereenselwig word, soos dit in die toepaslike reg beskryf word, getrou (kan) uitvoer. Openbare ampsbekleding hang juis nie primêr van die persoonlike verhoudings van die ampsbekleër met die publiek of met die hoofde of ondersgeskiktes van die ampsbekleër af nie. Inteendeel, warm verhoudings kan juis verkeerdelik voortspruit uit oorwegings wat allermins met die betrokke amp vereenselwigbaar is. Dit kan voorkom omdat die kunsmatige identiteit van openbare ampsbekleding met vermeende ubuntu-geïnspireerde knusse betrekkinge wat niks met die nakoming van openbare ampspligte te doen het nie, verwar word. Om hierdie rede is die aanwending van ubuntu-geïnspireerde goeie verhoudings in die konteks van openbare ampsbekding bevraagtekenbaar
Can a sense of belonging influence institutional attachment among first-year university students? Assessing the moderated mediation effects of social and emotional adjustment
No full textThe study investigated the relationship between sense of belonging and institutional attachment and the moderated mediation effects of social and emotional adjustment. The study comprised 209 first-year students from a South African university (Mean = 25,42 years, SD = 6.19). Using a quantitative research approach to inquiry, the multiple linear regression and moderated mediation analyses showed that sense of belonging significantly predicted institutional attachment. Additionally, the results showed that social adjustment significantly mediated the relationship between sense of belonging and institutional attachment. Furthermore, the results revealed that the moderated mediation effects of social and emotional adjustment were statistically insignificant. The results accentuate that sense of belonging is crucial for enabling institutional attachment towards university, underscoring the importance of striving for university environments that are belonging-centred to help first-year students identify with their learning contexts.
Judicial notice: Discrimination and disadvantage in the context of affirmative action in South African workplaces
Full text linkThis article considers the question whether unfair discrimination and the resultant disadvantage for certain groups in South Africa, should be proven or whether the doctrine of judicial notice is adequate in the context of affirmative action. The terminology and expressions in the Constitution of the Republic of South Africa, 1996, as well as ordinary legislation which supplements the Constitution – the Employment Equity Act 55 of 1998 and the Promotion of Equality and Prevention of Unfair Discrimination Act 4 of 2000 – are analysed and interpreted. The article suggests that the country\u27s history of unfair systemic discrimination, based on colonialism, apartheid and patriarchal practises, are so well-known and notorious that the doctrine of judicial notice applies in the case of affirmative action. Furthermore, because that history, the traditional cause thereof and its impact on black people and women is well documented, it is suggested that application of the doctrine can assist with the integration of such people in the South African workplace and broader society. This approach considers the current aspirations and expectations of the South African population and assists in healing the past. Such an approach further supports the concept of substantive equality (a group based concept) and meets the Constitution\u27s value laden approach to interpretation. It will also contribute to the long-term aim of establishing a non-racial and non-sexist society. It is therefore not necessary to prove historical discrimination and disadvantage since such discrimination and disadvantage are not contentious as a social fact; on the contrary, it is a question of taking notice of history since it is widely and thoroughly documented. The case of Minister of Finance v Van Heerden 2004 6 SA 121 (CC) which requires that disadvantage in the context of affirmative action should be "demonstrated", is supported only in so far as information is put before the court by means of, for example, books and reports. If this is not done, the court can of its own accord take notice of unfair historical discrimination and disadvantage. Lastly, should the social and other economic realities relating to race and gender change in South Africa, the application of the doctrine of judicial notice will have to be reconsidered. This will also be the case if new discrimination and disadvantage occurs which is not well-documented
Bespoke justice? On financial ombudsmen, rules and principles
Full text linkAlternative dispute resolution systems exist in order to provide remedies to those who cannot approach the courts in order to enforce their rights. Ombudsman schemes in particular have the advantages of being accessible, informal and quick. This article considers two schemes, namely the FAIS ombud in South Africa and the Financial Ombudsman Services (FOS) in England. The way in which these two institutions apply rules and principles, their jurisdictions and procedures and the ways in which disputes are resolved, are reviewed. The most significant difference between the two organisations, is that the decisions of the FAIS ombud have in all material respects the same effect as judgments of a court and are reported in full, while decisions by the FOS are not reported and do not set precedents. The FOS strives to achieve justice between individual parties within an existing legal framework, but with the supposition that fairness should be the primary consideration. This approach is justified because individual solutions are not made applicable to other cases. The FOS or a defendant are authorised by statute to refer cases to a court of law where an important or new legal question arises. The judgment in such a case then sets a precedent. The South African FAIS ombud is not compelled to refer cases to a high court, with the result that a determination which is mostly fair for the particular parties to the dispute, sets a precedent. This shortcoming of the FAIS Act has the effect that the FAIS ombud effectively becomes a second regulator and the danger is that incorrect interpretations of the legislation can lead to unfair results for other parties to a dispute. This aspect should be addressed by the legislator
