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Cross-Cultural Adaptation and Psychometric Validation of the Medication Compliance Questionnaire (MCQ) for Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Patients in Indonesia
Full text linkBackground: Medication adherence is critical for managing type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). The Medication Compliance Questionnaire (MCQ) is a widely recognized tool for assessing adherence but has not been adapted for T2DM in Indonesia. This study aimed to adapt and validate the MCQ in the Indonesian socio-cultural context.
Methods: A cross-sectional study at community health centers (May–Aug 2024) involved forward/back translation, content validation using Aiken’s V, and psychometric assessment among 230 patients. Exploratory Factor Analysis (EFA) assessed construct validity, including convergent, discriminant, and reliability.
Results: Aiken\u27s V index indicated strong content validity (average = 0.881). EFA identified two dimensions—practical adherence and patient perception—explaining 49.25% of the variance. Composite Reliability (CR) values exceeded 0.70, indicating good internal consistency. While the Average Variance Extracted (AVE) was below 0.50, CR ≥ 0.70 confirmed convergent validity. No significant cross-loadings supported discriminant validity.
Conclusion: The validated Indonesian version of the MCQ consists of six items, demonstrating strong validity and reliability. The two-factor structure reflects practical adherence and patient perception, making it a valuable tool for assessing medication adherence among Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM) patients in Indonesia
Sundanese kitāb printed in early-twentieth-century Egypt as evidence of Islamic transregional networks
Full text linkThis article will focus on Sundanese literacy as observed in the Islamic transregional networks established between the Middle East and West Java in the early twentieth century. Sundanese kitāb printed in Egypt by three Sundanese ulama reflect an increasingly intensive use of the Sundanese language in Islamic teaching in West Java compared to the earlier predominant use of Javanese. There is also a shift on the part of Sundanese ulama from manuscript to print culture. This shift corresponds to the increasing number of pilgrims and Malay-Indonesian students, including those from West Java, in Mecca and the consequent increasing demand for books. This demand was met by publishers who made use of the new print technology and the Jāwī ulama in the Middle East asked publishing assistance from Egyptian publishers. This accelerated the spread of Islamic knowledge encouraging Islamization at a time when rapid modernization was also occurring
Ajip Rosidi’s kegelisahan (restlessness) in between Sundanese and Indonesian literature
Full text linkThis article explores the literary journey of Ajip Rosidi, one of Indonesia’s most prolific writers, highlighting his unique position between Sundanese and Indonesian literature. Ajip authored over 300 works spanning diverse genres, making significant contributions to literature and the preservation of cultural heritage. The article examines his ambivalence or restlessness (kegelisahan) regarding the tension between regional and national identities in literature, as exemplified in his reflections and creative output. Ajip’s early life in a linguistically mixed region of West Java laid the foundation for his literary pursuits in both Sundanese and Indonesian. His works often oscillated between traditional Sundanese forms, such as guguritan, and modern Indonesian realism, reflecting his struggle to reconcile these two literary worlds. While he initially adhered to the dominant realist framework, his engagement with Sundanese folklore and poetry emphasized the richness of non-realistic and traditional narratives. Ajip’s restlessness drove his literary creativity, leading to masterpieces like the poems “Tanah Sunda” and “Lagu Jakarta”, which depict contrasting landscapes of rural and urban life, and “Janté Arkidam”, an epic narrative symbolizing resilience. His unwavering belief in regional culture motivated him to establish the Rancagé Literary Award, promoting regional languages and literatures across Indonesia. The article concludes that Ajip’s dual identity and constant negotiation between Sundanese and Indonesian literature were not limitations but sources of profound inspiration, resulting in a legacy that continues to enrich both regional and national cultural landscapes.
Ajip\u27s early life in a linguistically mixed region of West Java laid the foundation for his literary pursuits in both Sundanese and Indonesian languages. His works often oscillated between traditional Sundanese forms, such as guguritan, and modern Indonesian realism, reflecting his struggle to reconcile these two literary worlds. While he initially adhered to the dominant realist framework, his engagement with Sundanese folklore and poetry emphasized the richness of non-realistic and traditional narratives.
Ajip\u27s restlessness drove his literary creativity, leading to masterpieces like the poems Tanah Sunda and Lagu Jakarta, which depict contrasting landscapes of rural and urban life, and Jante Arkidam, an epic narrative symbolizing resilience. His unwavering belief in regional culture motivated him to establish the Rancagé Literary Award, promoting regional languages and literatures across Indonesia.
The article concludes that Ajip\u27s dual identity and constant negotiation between Sundanese and Indonesian literature were not limitations but sources of profound inspiration, resulting in a legacy that continues to enrich both regional and national cultural landscapes
Analisis Kepemilikan Sertifikat Tanah terhadap Akses Pinjaman Rumah Tangga
Full text linkThis study aims to examine the impact of land certificate ownership on access to loans from formal financial institutions. Utilizing data from Indonesia in 2018, we employ logistic regression analysis to investigate the relationship between land certificate ownership and loan access in the country. The examination of land certification in relation to loan access, by distinguishing types of land ownership evidence and loan types, is deemed essential. The findings indicate that the impact of land certification is less effective for low-income households. Beyond ensuring accessible and affordable land certification processes, the government should formulate policies for innovative loan schemes, such as the use of social collateral, to enhance the bankability of this social group
KILLING THROUGH DEATH: AN EMPIRICAL STUDY ON THE DRIVERS OF MODERN SUICIDE TERRORISM
Full text linkDeparting from the idea that suicide attacks are a special form of terrorism, this article aims to shed light on some of its characteristics and particular dynamics to help better understand the phenomenon and effectively combat it. To that end, the article begins by exploring the trend of both types of terrorism, suicide and non-suicide, for after reviewing the main theories and findings on the topic by the academia in the literature review section. Following this overview, four variables are identified as potential drivers of suicide terrorism: inequality, foreign intervention, political freedom, and Islamic faith. The expected relationship between these variables and suicide terrorism conforms the hypotheses of the work. In a nutshell, a positive relationship is expected for all of them, except for the political regime, for which a negative relationship is predicted. By means of a logistic regression with a binary outcome model and data from the Global Terrorism Database between 2010 and 2020 (a total of 97,987 attacks), the analysis confirms all the hypotheses. The article ends by applying these findings to recent regional trends to explain the variations, and by issuing some policy recommendations that will help fighting the phenomenon
The Management of the Bus Rapid Transit (BRT) System and Its Impact on Mobility in Lagos State, Nigeria
Full text linkLagos is famous for its high traffic congestion and insufficient road infrastructure. This study examined the effect of BRT management and its influence on mobility in Lagos State. The study adopted a cross-sectional design involving data gathering through the primary data collection method using a closed-ended questionnaire purposively administered to 100 commuters of BRT buses in Lagos. The findings revealed a high positive relationship between managing the BRT system and mobility in Lagos State. Additionally, the findings indicate a robust and positive causal relationship between Lagos State’s BRT system and transportation development. The BRT system contributes to improving transportation infrastructure and other related aspects within Lagos State, and this relationship is statistically significant. With p \u3c 0.05, the relationship is not due to chance. However, the findings revealed that the inaccessibility of BRT buses, insecurity at the BRT stations, and the inability to integrate the BRT service with other transportation systems were the major constraints that bedevilled the BRT project in easing the mobility of Lagos residents. The study concluded that the BRT system management contributed significantly to Lagos State’s transportation development. This study recommended that Lagos should adopt a thorough and well-rounded transportation strategy that views the BRT network as a component of a wider network that includes buses, mini-buses, ferries, and other forms of transit
Analisis Ekonomi dan Dampak Pandemi COVID-19 terhadap Kunjungan Pasien Diabetes: Studi Kasus Poliklinik Pusat Diabetes RS Ngoerah, Bali, Indonesia
Full text linkThe COVID-19 pandemic has significantly impacted community activities, including social and economic aspects, as well as health behavior and healthcare services. Diabetes Mellitus (DM) is a chronic disease that requires continuous management to prevent chronic complications. Ngoerah Hospital (RS Ngoerah), Bali, Indonesia, is a type A hospital where DM patients generally present with complications. This study analyzes the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on DM patient visits to the Diabetes Center Polyclinic at RS Ngoerah by considering economic aspects. This research is a retrospective study of patient visit data to the Diabetes Center Polyclinic at RS Ngoerah from 2019 to 2024, covering the time before, during, and after the COVID-19 pandemic. A descriptive analysis was carried out to observe changes in patient visits during each period. Furthermore, an aggregate analysis was conducted to examine the correlation between the number of patient visits and the number of detected COVID-19 cases, the COVID-19 pandemic timeline along with government regulations during the pandemic, and the economic condition reflected by the Gross Regional Domestic Product (GRDP) of Bali Province in the same year. The COVID-19 pandemic led to a decrease of up to 58.65% in DM patient visits to the Diabetes Center Polyclinic at Ngoerah Hospital. Directly, there was no significant correlation between the number of reported COVID-19 cases in Bali Province and the number of DM patient visits to the Diabetes Center Polyclinic at RS Ngoerah (r=0.262, p=0.155); however, other factors influencing the number of patient visits included government policies during the COVID-19 pandemic and the GRD
Systematic Review: Recent Developments in Magnetic-Nanoparticle-Based DNA Extraction
No full textDeoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) is a research object for various molecular fields of study, and DNA extraction is a basic procedure in molecular biology laboratories. DNA extraction methods are evolving, from several steps using organic solvents to recent technology using magnetic nanoparticles as adsorbents for the purification step. The use of magnetic nanoparticles for DNA extraction is magnetizing because it is simple without heavy machinery, such as centrifugation and organic solvents. The application of this method is extensive and diverse. This systematic review summarizes current development trends for some aspects of this DNA extraction system from the magnetic nanoparticle synthesis method, extraction protocol, and different types of samples used. The main purpose of this review is to provide an overall perspective of the use of magnetic nanoparticles in DNA extraction for researchers to start their exploration of this safe, simple, and rapid technique. In general, the most well-known magnetic nanoparticle preparation uses the coprecipitation method. The preferred particle is a plain and silica-coated magnetic nanoparticle using tetraethyl orthosilicate. The most common buffer systems for binding, washing, and elution are Polyethylene Glycol (PEG) and NaCl, 70% ethanol, and Tris–EDTA, respectively. The extraction system with magnetite can be used for various types of samples, ranging from human specimens to animal, plant, and bacterial specimens. The extraction yields using the magnetic-nanoparticle-based method were between 0.03 µg and 116.63 µg with a DNA purity ratio between 1.09 and 1.99
Enhanced Crack Resistance of Porous Anodic Aluminum Oxide Grown on a Tubular Substrate with the Additive Ethylene Glycol
No full textThe growth of a porous anodic aluminum oxide (PAAO) layer with fewer cracks on a tubular substrate is quite challenging. The PAAO layer on a curved surface grows slower than that on a flat surface and is susceptible to cracking. This study aims to improve the crack resistance of the PAAO layer grown on a tubular aluminum substrate by adding ethylene glycol (EG). Each bath contained additive concentrations of 0, 5, 10, and 15 vol% EG. Anodization proceeded for 4 h at a temperature of 10 ℃ using the potentiostatic mode at 25 V in a sulfuric acid bath and 40 V in an oxalic acid bath. The crack and pore structure were investigated using a field emission scanning electron microscope (FE-SEM). The kinetic curve and FE-SEM investigation indicated that the addition of EG in the bath slowed the growth rate of the PAAO layer in both anodization baths. The lower oxidation rate drastically improved the crack resistance, as revealed by the significant reduction in the crack population and narrower crack width. The additive EG presumably enhanced the electrolyte viscosity and reduced the heating effect released during oxide growth. Consequently, the layer thickness and pore size decreased with the increase in the EG concentration
Circular Thinking In A Technological Age: Designing For A Regenerative Future
No full textArchitecture, engineering, and construction sector is experiencing challenges related to environment and economic aspects. It consumes vast amounts of resources and energy and contributes heavily to global carbon emissions. Academics and industry leaders are trying to explore various strategies to combat climate change by shifting toward circularity. It is a systems-based approach that prioritizes regenerative design, responsible consumption, and closed-loop resource use. At the heart of this shift lies the interplay between circularity, technology, and the environment that can reshape how we live, produce, and consume. But this transformation is not simply about adopting greener practices; it’s about rethinking the role of innovation in creating systems that can sustain our lives.
Circular economy (CE) is not just a sustainability trend; it is an emerging as a smart business model that balances environmental responsibility with sufficient profitability. It challenges businesses and cities alike to ask: how can we design products that are repairable, cities that are resource-aware, and systems that regenerate rather than deplete? Just as brainware is central to the success of smart cities, CE demands informed decision-makers, consumers, and designers who can navigate complexity and rethink waste as opportunity. By rethinking material flows and closing resource loops, CE offers a practical alternative to the outdated take, make, dispose mindset. Robust policy and legal frameworks for implementing the economic system by providing incentives and mitigating barriers are required to be issued by government, as well as business industries need to produce added value via eco-friendly products and services, and positive behaviors.
Technology that is combined with circular principles has the potential to accelerate our transition toward more sustainable living. Advanced technologies in the past years have make it easier for people to achieve towards circular transformation. For instance, Internet of Things allow us to give digital life to physical objects, tracking them from creation to disassembly. Artificial Intelligence can then analyze this information to find the best ways to repair, remanufacture, or recycle them. These tools are incredibly powerful, but they are just tools. They have no purpose or direction without human guidance. Their ultimate success depends entirely on how people choose to use them. Technology solutions can be used to integrate CE principles from the design to the operation stages. The technological revolution has made it possible to transform entire systems of production, management, and governance into more effective and efficient systems.
CE is not built by technology but a combination of different roles from the people. It is driven by human who think about a product’s second and third life before it is even made. It is shaped by business leaders who have the courage to shift from selling disposable units to providing durable services. It is guided by policymakers who create rules that make it easier and more profitable to reuse materials than to discard them. And it is powered by a skilled workforce that can operate the advanced
systems required for remanufacturing and recycling. CE and technology cannot function without the active participation of its citizens. By placing humanity at the core of this vision, we ensure that we are not just building a more efficient system, but a more resilient, equitable, and prosperous world.
CE is not built by technology but a combination of different roles from the people. It is driven by human who think about a product’s second and third life before it is even made. It is shaped by business leaders who have the courage to shift from selling disposable units to providing durable services. It is guided by policymakers who create rules that make it easier and more profitable to reuse materials than to discard them. And it is powered by a skilled workforce that can operate the advanced systems required for remanufacturing and recycling. CE and technology cannot function without the active participation of its citizens. By placing humanity at the core of this vision, we ensure that we are not just building a more efficient system, but also a more resilient, equitable, and prosperous world