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What It Means to Be Processed Faster: The Processing of Formulaic Sequences by Native and L2 Speakers
Get PDFFormulaic sequences have been found to present a processing advantage compared to non-formulaic equivalents by native speakers and sometimes by L2 speakers. This is either because formulaic sequences is processed as unanalysed holistic units or because they are processed in a highly automatized manner. It may also be due to the frequency of formulaic sequences, which plays an important part in language processing. In spite of different views regarding what implications these propositions may have for on-line processing, faster processing itself is advantageous for L2 speakers. Based on the review of the concept of formulaicity, I discuss the studies investigating the processing of formulaic sequences and suggest the importance of the question: What does it mean for formulaic sequences to hold a privileged advantage, especially for L2 learners?departmental bulletin pape
書記日本語文法理解発達過程の検討─ J. COSS 日本語理解テスト〈視覚版〉によって ─
Get PDFJ. COSS 日本語理解テスト〈視覚版〉を用いて書記日本語理解力を調査し、文法理解 の発達過程を検討した。また、問題文を文字で提示した場合と口頭で提示した場合の発達 過程を比較し、書記日本語文法理解力の特質を検討した。その結果、文字として問題文を 提示する書記日本語理解力は小学校1 年では口頭で提示された場合よりも難度が高くな る傾向が認めらえたが、全体を通じては書記提示と口頭提示は理解力に差がないことが認 められた。また、文法機能別に誤反応分析を行ったところ、小学校1 年の場合は、文字を 読むことが負荷となり、一文が長くなると理解が困難になったが、全体的には複雑な構造 により理解が困難になる傾向が示唆された。これらから、J. COSS 日本語理解テストは 聴覚提示した場合と視覚提示した場合の発達過程に違いは認められず、視覚入力が有意な 対象児者にとっては書記日本語理解力を評価する有効なテストであると考えられる。departmental bulletin pape
教育と福祉の関連問題としての子どもの放課後事業の成立史 ─ 昭和20～40年代の大阪市における児童館や学童保育の実践を手がかりに ─
Get PDF本研究では、昭和20～40年代の大阪市における児童館や学童保育の実践を対象にして、 教育と福祉の関連問題としての子どもの放課後事業の実態的議論がいかにして成立・変遷 したかを明らかにした。 その結果、昭和20年代に設立された公設公営児童館の実践から、地域限定的ではある が「児童福祉」という新たな概念が浸透し始めていたことが分かった。また、昭和30年 代になると、社協・学校・各種地域団体が、それぞれ、遊び場づくり・子ども会づくり・ 青少年環境浄化運動・学童保育・校庭開放のとりくみなどを展開し、「健全育成」という、 子どもの放課後事業を総体として対象化するための概念が構築されたことも分かった。さ らに、学童保育の位置づけ問題の議論から、子どもの放課後事業を保護者の生活との関連 で一体的に議論する端緒が開かれたことも分かった。そして、その後、児童館が子どもの 放課後事業を総体として対象化する際の推進拠点と位置づけられるようになったことも明 らかになった。In this research, how was the discussion of childrenʼs after school projects as a related issue of education and welfare changed in the practice of childrenʼs recreation center and association of after school care in Osaka city in the Showa 20～40s. From the practice of the publicly-administered childrenʼs recreation center founded in the Showa 20 ‘s, it was found that a new concept of “child welfare” had begun to pervade though it was regionally limited. Also, in the Showa 30 ‘s, cooperatives, schools and various local organizations have expanded such as creating playgrounds, organizing childrenʼs meetings, youth environmental purification campaigns, association of after school care, schoolyard opening, and other activities, and It was also found that the concept “Child Healthy Upbringing” for targeting after school projects as a whole was constructed. Furthermore, from the discussion of the position of association of after school care, it was also found that the beginning of discussion of childrenʼs after school projects in relation to the lives of parents was opened. After that, it became clear that childrenʼs recreation center was positioned as a promotion base for targeting childrenʼs after school project as a whole.departmental bulletin pape
Autism Spectrum Disorder and High Confidence Gene Factors
Get PDFAutism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a neurological developmental disorder whose mechanism is yet unclear. However, recent ASD studies, which employ exome- and genome-wide sequencing, have identified some high-confidence ASD genes. Those ASD studies have revealed that CHD8 is likely associated with ASD. In this article, we highlight that CHD8 may regulate other candidate ASD risk genes. Current research indicates that there exist some thousand autism susceptibility candidate genes. Moreover, we suggest that symptom variations of ASD is also related to complicated interactions with those genes.departmental bulletin pape
米国における雇用差別訴訟とマネジング・ダイバーシティ ―公共訴訟の視角から―
Get PDFThis research explores judicial activism in employment discrimination suits from the perspective of public law litigation, and concludes as follows: First, employment discrimination litigation has had the characteristics of public law litigation. The legislative purpose of Title Ⅶ of the Civil Rights Act of 1964 to eliminate employment discrimination and realize equal employment opportunity, and the ambiguous definitions of principal concepts of Title Ⅶ by Congress have often led the court to judicial activism, which often plays not only a judiciary role but also legislative and administrative ones. Second, focusing on systemic disparate treatment theory, voluntary affirmative action, and disparate impact theory, which have made significant impacts on elimination of employment discrimination, the research verified judicial activism of the court. Judges have decided for protecting people’s civil rights, ordered affirmative actions with goals and timetables, judged affirmative action being constitutional and not violating Title Ⅶ, and directly or indirectly monitored for implementations of decrees or consent decrees. Judicial activism has strongly promoted to abolish job segregation by race and gender that is the root of employment discrimination, and supported EEOC and OFCCP and naturally collaborated with them to make legislative purpose of Title Ⅶ come true. Third, judicial activism has been progressing since the 1990s, introducing, although implementation is insufficient, managing diversity―pursuing diversity and inclusion in the workplace beyond legal compliance―to consent decrees.departmental bulletin pape