INCEIF Knowledge Repository (INCEIF University)
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Islamic banking: a solution for unequal wealth distribution?
No full textAccording to a 2017 report by the Credit Suisse Research Institute (CSRI), the total global wealth in 2017 reached USD280 trillion, 27% higher than a decade ago. Despite total global wealth showing an increase, the equitable distribution of wealth still remains an issue. The wealthiest 1% of the world's population now owns 50.1% of the world's wealth. Recently, a group of researchers undertook a study for the World Inequality Database (WID) to measure inequality in Middle Eastern countries. The study concluded that inequality level in Muslim countries is among the highest in the world with the top 10% of the total population holding 61% of the total income share. The question then is has Islamic banking played its role in addressing the issue of inequality
Crypto mania: the Shariah verdict
No full textThe 17th century was witness to the Dutch Golden Age, the leading global economic power at the time. It was also the period of what was soon after referred to as 'Tulip Mania' for what is considered the first recorded speculative bubble that collapsed in 1637. Many analysts find a stark similarity between tulip mania and the dramatic rise of the cryptocurrency value in 2017. Tulip bulbs became fashionable status symbols, and although having weak fundamentals, reached exorbitant prices. Bitcoin's dramatic 1,500% increase in 2017 alone, attracted a significantly large group of speculative investors to benefit from what many see as an unhinged gamble on what has gained popularity, not only as decentralized ledger tokens but also with potential links to laundering activity
Malaysia as a global hub for fund administration
No full textThe last decade has witnessed significant growth of fund management companies in the Southeast Asian region, and Malaysia has shown immense potential in this area. The expansion of the middle income class, outstanding talent and abundant natural resources have contributed to this growth. Despite significant developments in the recent past, the mutual fund industry in Malaysia is relatively small compared with other market in Malaysia, particularly in the area of Islamic fund administration, requires a comprehensive financial ecosystem that is globally competitive
The role of property rights, bank supervision and regulations in Islamic banking development: a cross-country study
No full textIslamic banking has been developing and expanding all around the world for the past decades and it continues to develop at an accelerated pace in some countries in recent years. However, the development of Islamic banking is unevenly distributed across the countries. Most of the Islamic banks are located in the Middle East and North African regions. Despite of the huge Muslim populations, some countries like Indonesia and Pakistan are still having a small share of Islamic bank asset as compared to those of the MENA region. This situation raises a question of what actually contributes to the development of Islamic banking. A vast number of literatures with regards to the financial development have indeed suggested many possible determinants for the development of the banking sector. Yet, the studies which are solely dedicated to the development of Islamic banking sector are still limited ..
What retirement?
No full textTechnically, I have "retired" twice and am still working fulltime before "retiring" again sometime in the future for the third time. It has always been a busy life for me since my graduation in 1966 when I received my Bachelor of Arts (First Class Honours) degree in Economics from the University of Malaya. My working life began as a research assistant after my final year examinations and then as a tutor in the newly established Faculty of Economics and Administration (FEA) at the University of Malaya while working at the same time on my Master's degree. After receiving my Master of Economics degree in 1968 from the University of Malaya, I was appointed as Assistant Lecturer at FEA. I was then awarded the coveted Commonwealth Scholarship to pursue my doctorate at the Lancaster University, United Kingdom. I was able to complete my Ph.D. programme in two years, beginning from September 1968 and finishing in October 1970
Sukuk announcement effects during financial crisis: the case for Indonesia
No full textThe effects of capital-raising announcements have long been used as an indicator of increased shareholder wealth (Brown and Warner, 1985). Studies on bond announcements, for example, have been largely inconclusive. However, when effects are measured based on bond underlying structure, 'straight and convertible bonds', then the results are more conclusive (Abdul Rahim, 2012). Furthermore, issuances around crisis period are expected to result in negative market reaction as investors prefer liquidity (Fenn, 2000). Sukuk are bond-like instruments that are issued based on the Sharia guidelines and perceived to be less risky due to their risk sharing attribute. Sukuk are issued by the governments and also corporations. Sukuk can either be debt-based or equity-based. The former resembles the conventional bond, and equity-based Sukuk resembles the convertible bonds. It is interesting to ascertain the market reaction to issuance of both type of Sukuk. This study determines the wealth effects of debt-based Sukuk issuances in Indonesia, around crisis period. Sukuk issues have steadily increased in Indonesia, and it is the second largest issuer in 2015 (Zawya, 2015a, 2015b)
Statistical field theory of futures commodity prices
No full textThe statistical theory of commodity prices has been formulated by Baaquie (2013). Further empirical studies of single (Baaquie et al., 2015) and multiple commodity prices (Baaquie et al., 2016) have provided strong evidence in support the primary assumptions of the statistical formulation. In this paper, the model for spot prices (Baaquie, 2013) is extended to model futures commodity prices using a statistical field theory of futures commodity prices. The futures prices are modeled as a two dimensional statistical field and a nonlinear Lagrangian is postulated. Empirical studies provide clear evidence in support of the model,
with many nontrivial features of the model finding unexpected support from market data
Efficiency and bank margins: a comparative analysis of Islamic and conventional banks in Yemen
No full textThis paper examines the determinants of bank margins' in the Yemeni banking sector for Islamic and conventional banks. The first objective is to investigate whether there is a significant difference between the margins of conventional and Islamic banks. The second objective is to examine whether efficiency represents an influential factor in determining bank margins for Islamic and conventional banks controlling for other micro and macro variables. The study finds that the overall bank margin in Yemen has steadily decreased during the observation period with the exception of the year 2011. The parametric and non parametric results show that the bank margins are significantly higher for conventional banks than for Islamic banks. The results provide evidence that bank margins are related to neither types of efficiency, but are affected by capitalisation, size, the opportunity cost of the reserve, and liquidity, although the impact is shaped differently for Islamic and conventional banks
Managing the Malaysian economy after the watershed GE 2008
No full textOn 8 March 2008 (GE 2008) Malaysians unexpectedly delivered a stunning blow to Malaysia's long-standing ruling coalition, Barisan Nasional (BN), at the twelfth general election. Although it won the election, BN lost its psychologically important two-thirds majority in parliament which allows it to change the Federal Constitution at will. The blow was all the more devastating as the Anwar Ibrahim-led informal coalition of Parti Keadilan Rakyat (PKR/People's Iustice Party), Democratic Action Party (DAP) and Parti Se-Islam Malaysia (PAS/Pan Islamic Party of Malaysia) managed to form state governments in almost all states in the developed western parts of Peninsular Malaysia with citizens of the two most industrialised states (Selangor and Penang), as well as Kedah and Perak, joining Kelantan (the poorest state on the peninsula) on the opposition side. BN was also wiped out almost entirely from the Federal Territory of Kuala Lumpur with the opposition winning ten of the eleven parliamentary seats. All of these suggest that urbanites had deserted BN in droves
Establishment of Islamic capital market in jurisdictions with limited Islamic financial services: case study of Maldives
No full textIt is said that to establish an Islamic Capital Market, the first step would be to have a strong Islamic finance industry with numerous institutions offering Islamic financial services. This way it is easy to know that the demand for Islamic capital market would be there and that market will be sophisticated enough to comprehensive the nature of shariah compliant products. Generally, in most of the jurisdictions this is how the Islamic capital market is created. This paper will look at the establishment of Islamic capital market in Maldives, small island nation where the establishment of Islamic capital market happened when at a time there was only one takaful company and one Islamic bank established