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Essays on iqtisad: the Islamic approach to economic problems
No full textThis book is a collection of essays on the concept of iqtisad, inspired by the path-breaking contribution of the late Imam As-Sayid Muhammad Baqir As-Sadr. It outlines the characteristics of the Islamic economic system, and presents an in-depth theoretical analysis of how a sound banking system can perfectly operate without utilizing interest as mechanism for allocating financial resources. Muslim contributions to economics, which have been ignored throughout the past centuries, are explained
Welfare cost of monetary and fiscal policy shocks
No full textThis paper provides estimates of the welfare cost of volatility attributable to monetary and fiscal policy shocks. It uses a continuous-time stochastic dynamic general equilibrium model based on a recursive utility function that disentangles risk aversion from intertemporal substitution. We find that monetary and fiscal policy shocks may lead to opposite welfare effects: negative for monetary growth shocks, but positive for government expenditure shocks. Furthermore, we find that welfare costs are sensitive to the parameter values chosen for risk aversion and intertemporal substitution, and we conclude that welfare costs are potentially much larger than that found by Lucas, forcing some modification of the policy conclusions associated with Lucas's pioneering work
Juristic viewpoints on bay' al-'inah in Malaysia: a survey
No full textIn Malaysia, Sharicah scholars at the supervisory levels have advocated bay' al-'inah as a mode of finance. Under the label of al-bay', the contract of bay' al-'inah contains interest-bearing features, such as earning a contractual return without the implication of risk and value-addition. Seeking a broader consensus on the permissibility of bay' al-'inah is thus critical. This study shows that Malaysian Sharicah scholars outside the supervisory bodies do not fully support bay' al-'inah. The survey indicates that bay' al-'inah can be applied under a state of darurah or when the maslahah of the Muslim people is under threat, which is not the case in Malaysia. Since Sharicah scholars in Middle-Eastern countries have condemned bay' al-'inah, it is crucial that a diversification policy is pursued to invite greater participation of global Islamic funds in Malaysia
Price discovery between informationally linked markets during different trading phases
No full textThe dynamic nature of the price information transfer when stock and futures markets switch between different price trading phases is examined. This is undertaken by decomposing Australian stock indexes and share price index futures contract data into bear- and bull-market phases and analyzing the change in the power of the bidirectional information feedback between the futures market and small, medium, and large stocks. Results support the hypothesis that the nature of the price-discovery process varies with the trading phase. In particular, during the bull phase small stocks show a marked increase in price exogeneity and futures prices contain relatively less price-sensitive fundamental information. We argue that in bull phases, futures trading becomes increasingly associated with noninformation trading such as realizing paper profits, portfolio rebalancing, and increased noise trading
The X-efficiency of the Sudanese Islamic banks
No full textImportant changes have taken place in the Sudanese banking industry since 1989. The transformation of the banking industry to conform to the Islamic principles has put the spotlight on the performance of the Islamic banks in Sudan. This study investigates the X-efficiency (technical and allocative) of these banks. The study used the basic Stochastic Frontier Approach (SFA). This is accomplished by decomposing the error term into two components, namely random noise (vi) and possible inefficiency (ui). The empirical results tend to suggest that banks in the sample had low levels of X-efficiency. This implied that the Sudanese Islamic banks were not optimizing their inputs usage. However, the results also showed that the inefficiency in the Sudanese Islamic banks could be more associated with inputs wasting (technical inefficiency) rather than choosing the incorrect input combinations (allocative inefficiency). The study has several important policy implications to offer, one of which is that it could be taken as a guideline for the Sudanese government to chart a policy on banking deregulation and mergers. Moreover, the study provides some information and identifies the source of X-inefficiency, which could, in turn, be used to assist banks' managements to overcome the problems of inefficiency
Performance of Islamic and mainstream banks in Malaysia
No full textThe study found that Islamic banking scheme (IBS) banks have recorded higher return on assets (ROA) as they are able to utilize existing overheads carried by mainstream banks. As this lowers their overhead expenses, it is found that the higher ROA ratio for IBS banks does not imply efficiency. It is also inconsistent with their relatively low asset utilization and investment margin ratios. This finding confirmed our contention that Islamic banking that thrives on interest-like products (credit finance) is less likely to outshine mainstream banks on efficiency terms. Although Islamic credit finance products may have complied with Shariah rules, their lack of ethical content is not expected to motivate IBS banks to strive for efficiency through scale and scope economies
The stock market and the ringgit exchange rate: a note
No full textThis paper presents and tests an augmented monetary model that includes the effect of stock prices on the bilateral exchange rates. The model is applied to the ringgit/US dollar (RM/US) and ringgit/Japanese yen (RM/JY) exchange rates. The empirical analysis is conducted by the Johansen method of cointegration. Using the data from the recent float that ends with 1996:Q4, the study is motivated, among others, by an interesting preliminary finding that although the augmented monetary model is cointegrated, it is subject to parameter instability and that the parameter time dependency can be attributed at least partly to a particular subset of the variables in the system including stock prices. We find that a restricted VAR modelwhich imposes exogeneity restrictions on I(1) variables, such as stock prices, among others, exhibits both cointegration and parameter stability. In addition, we demonstrate that exchange rate adjusts to clear any disequilibrium in the long-run relationship. The empirical findings tend to suggest that the equity market is significant in affecting the exchange rate and in explaining at least in part the parameter instability evidenced in the cointegrating system. Hence, we conclude that models of equilibrium exchange rate should be extended to include equity markets in addition to bond markets
Perakaunan perkongsian: soalan dan jawapan
No full textBuku ini memberikan: 1) latihan komprehensif di dalam bidang perakaunan perkongsian, 2) bilangan soalan yang banyak berserta cadangan jawapan bagi setiap soalan, 3) penerangan dan jalan kerja yang jelas bagi setiap soalan disertakan
Review of the Sudanese socio-economic development problems
No full textThe article gives an overall pictures of the present socio-economic problems of the Sudan. It argues that the government alone cannot handle the process ot the economic development, and that the rationale in the developed countries shows the importance of including the role of the people in the process of economic development either through the private sector, community development or through the non-profit sector
Perakaunan perkongsian di Malaysia
No full textBuku ini memberikan pendedahan kepada perniagaan bentuk perkongsian yang meliputi aspek perundangan dan amalan perakaunan di dalam persekitaran perniagaan Malaysia. Buku ini dituju khas kepada pelajar institusi pengajian tinggi yang mengambil kursus Perakaunan Kewangan Pertengahan dan mereka yang berminat mempelajari perakaunan perkongsian