INCEIF Knowledge Repository (INCEIF University)
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Announcements effect of corporate name change: failed vs non-failed firms
No full textThe corporate name is the identity and pride of a corporate entity. A name change is an important corporate event and done only if the benefits out weights the costs. This study attempts to investigate whether a corporate name change has a wealth effect on the company's shareholders. It investigates the wealth effects of name change announcement concurrent with announcement of reorganisation and restructuring of the firm. Event study methodology was employed to examine the above issues with respect to failed and non-failed firms for the period from 1980 to 1996 ..
Propagative causal price transmission among international stock markets: evidence from the pre- and post globalization period
No full textThis paper examines the patterns of dynamic linkages among national stock prices of six major international stock markets with particular reference to what impact the development of global markets (or the globalization phenomenon) had upon the leading stock markets, such as the US, Japan, and UK. In particular, the focus of this paper is in what ways, if any, the role of these leading markets has changed since globalization. The analysis employs recent time series techniques to a data set that consists of two non overlapping samples of monthly prices defining pre globalization (1972:01-1979:12) and post globalization (1984:01-1996:06). Given the generality of applying several techniques, which provide us with an overall assessment of the robustness of results generated, our findings contrast previous research, which discovered a lack of interdependence during the period prior to the 1980s
Enhancing corporate governance in Islamic financial institutions
No full textThe paper "Enhancing corporate governance in Islamic financial institutions" presented at Islamic Research and Training Institute-AAOFI Conference on Transparency, Governance and Risk Management in Islamic Financial Institution, Beirut, Lebanon
Forecasting corporate failure in Malaysian industrial sector firms
No full textFinancial ratios have long been used as predictor of important events in financial markets of developed economies. Formulating business failure prediction models utilising financial ratios is no exception. However, there is hardly any evidence on failure prediction in developing markets such as Malaysia. This study develops a failure prediction model for industrial sector listed firms that discriminates between 24 failed and non-failed for the period 1980 to 1996. The findings show that the model correctly and significantly classified 91.1% and 89.3% of the failed and non-failed firms respectively. An alternative prediction model developed based solely on accounting information showed similar results. These models predict failure up to 4 years before the actual event. The variables in the final model implies that profits, cash flows , working capital and net worth are important determinants of failures of firms listed in the Kuala Lumpur Stock Exchange
Inflation and sovereign default
No full textRecent research has highlighted the role that the government budget constraint plays in determining the consumer price level. According to the fiscal approach to price determination, prices adjust so that the discounted value of future real government primary surpluses equals the current real value of public debt. An important implication is that the probability of a crisis involving default on public debt may directly affect consumer prices. This paper examines the interaction of prices and sovereign insolvency crises using simple, continuous-time models of the government budget constraint
Demographic shock transmission from large to small countries: an overlapping generations CGE analysis
No full textInternational commodity and capital flows provide channels for the transmission of the effects of demographic changes in large countries onto small open economies by altering the prices and interest rates facing them. This implies that even small countries with relatively young populations are potentially vulnerable to the effects of population aging in large industrial economies. To address this issue, which has largely been overlooked in previous literature, this paper considers the case of European Union and Turkey and shows, within an overlapping generations general equilibrium framework, that spillovers of the demographic shock in Europe would intensify the changes that Turkey would experience during its own demographic transition
Iwad as a requirement of lawful sale: a critical analysis
No full textThis paper will argue that replacing riba' with al-bay' does not mean that the latter can imply any form of sale (al-bay') to justify Islamic legitimacy. Apart from the prohibition of uncertainties (gharar) in sale, the requirement of an equivalent countervalue (ciwa') must also be met. Risk (ghurm) and liability (iman) after sale and value-addition or effort (ikhtiyar) are the principal components of ciwa'. As such, any increase from sale must contain ciwa', otherwise riba' is implicated. In classical Islamic commercial contracts such as ijarah, salam and mudarabah, ciwa' is evident. However, the contracts of credit of al-murabahah or al-bay bithaman ajil are widely used by Islamic banking practitioners. To prove Islamic legitimacy, this contract must show that the financiers assume the risk of ownership in making the sale. It must also show evidence that the seller is liable to the option of defect (khiyar al ayb). The same holds for bay al-inah and bay al-dayn which are also widely used in Islamic money and capital markets in some Muslim countries
The role of khiyar al-'ayb in al-bay' bithaman ajil financing
No full textThe widespread application of al-bay' bithaman ajil (BBA) contract in the Islamic banking business today requires a serious reexamination. This is to see that the welfare of consumers is protected, which all Islamic contracts must provided for. It is made by way of making the existence of 'iwad in profit arising from BBA or murabahah transactions evidently clear. One of the component of 'iwad is the right of the buyer to annul the contract when a defect is evident in the product sold, namely Khiyar Al-'Ayb. It follows that the contract of BBA must include the provision of Khiyar Al-'Ayb as the natural right of the buying party. This paper has argued that this right was not granted by the Islamic bank who is acting as the selling party to the BBA contract. It has thus undermined the legal maxim Al-Kharaj bil- Daman, which all selling parties taking part in the contract of al-bay', including al-bay' bithaman ajil, must readily observed
Dynamic modeling of stock market interdependencies: an empirical investigation of Australia and the Asian NICs
No full textThis article examines the patterns of dynamic linkages among national stock prices of Australia and four Asian NIC stock markets namely, Taiwan, South Korea, Singapore and Hong Kong. By employing recently developed time-series techniques results seem to consistently suggest the relatively leading role of the Hong Kong market in driving fluctuations in the Australian and other NIC stock markets. In other words, given the generality of the techniques employed, Hong Kong showed up consistently as the initial receptor of exogenous shocks to the (long-term) equilibrium relationship whereas the Australian and the other NIC markets, particularly the Singaporean and Taiwanese markets had to bear most of the brunt of the burden of short-run adjustment to re-establish the long term equilibrium. Furthermore, given the dominance of the Hong Kong market in the region, the study also brings to light the substantial contribution of the Australian market in explaining the fluctuations to the other three markets, particularly Singapore and Taiwan. Finally, in comparison to all other NIC markets, Taiwan and Singapore appear as the most endogenous, with the former providing significant evidence of its short-term vulnerability to shocks from the more established market such as Australia
Long and short term dynamic causal transmission amongst international stock markets
No full textThis paper investigates the dynamic causal linkages amongst nine major international stock price indexes. In order to gauge the causal transmission patterns we employ very recent methods of: (i) vector error-correction modeling and (ii) level VAR modeling with possibly integrated and cointegrated processes, advocated by: (i) Toda and Phillips (Econometrica, 61 (1993) 1367) and (ii) Toda and Yamamoto (J. Econometrics, 66 (1995) 225), respectively. The paper illustrates how such methods may be appropriately augmented in a compatible fashion to unearth previously unfounded linkage properties inherent amongst a system of stock price indexes. In particular, we demonstrate that previous research, by using ordinary difference VARs, ignored an important component of linkages displayed purely over the long run. This untapped evidence essentially provides robust and very useful information to international financial analysts and investors. At a substantive level, results of this study tend to support the contention offered by several studies in the literature of significant interdependencies between the established OECD and the Asian markets, and also the leadership of the US and UK markets over the short and long run. The levels VAR, however, illustrate the Japanese market's influence as an additional long run leader. Findings seem to be plausible given that these three markets (US, UK and Japan) have consistently contributed over 75% of global stock market capitalization over the major part of the sample under consideration. At a methodological level, this analysis also provides a primer for the wealth of applied financial econometric research focusing on dynamic causal inference which involve systems containing possibly integrated and cointegrated processes