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Xenophobia, Social Conflict, & Authoritarianism: An Examination of the United States and Canada’s Perception Discrepancies Regarding Immigration
Get PDFThe objective of this study is to compare the perceptions of whether immigration increases a country’s social conflict. Accordingly, this will be a descriptive and cross-cultural comparison study between the United States and Canada. This study utilizes archival data of the World Value Survey using approximately 50 people, 25 from each country. In addition to the research data, a brief explanation of the respective country’s public and political opinions on immigration will be offered. The study’s main finding is that people living in the United States are more likely to believe that immigration leads to social conflict than people living in Canada
Guide to the Miriam Stearns Houghton Collection, bulk 1921-1924
Get PDFThis collection contains material documenting Miriam Howard Stearns’ life at Bridgewater Normal School (BNS) during her time of study from 1921-1924, and later life after BNS. Included are her student notebooks and classwork from the Kindergarten Primary (K-P) program; club materials related to the Glee Club, Women’s Athletic Organization (W.A.A.), and Beta Gamma Sorority; photographs of her K-P classes, friends, her father Louis C. Stearns, and campus facilities; and handmade K-P instruction books. Many items reflect major school events, such as Initiation Day, the 1924 campus fire, class reunions, 1940s centennials, and aspects of student life through photographs and pamphlets
Learning Spanish as A Second Language: How Instruction Differs for Spanish in Middle and High School
Get PDFAlthough many research articles focus on Second Language Acquisition (SLA) at the university level, few focus on SLA at the middle and high school developmental levels. Nevertheless, in the US, most students begin learning another language at these levels, and it is helpful to determine key factors for enhancing language learning. This project aims to study how the factors of target language (the language of instruction), context (exposure and environment of learning), and technology can promote SLA at the middle and high school levels. In this study, student SLA refers to the process and development of a Spanish as a second language (L2). Research has suggested that learning an L2 is most beneficial when contextualized in social contexts, rather than focusing on isolated vocabulary and grammar, making it an important factor in SLA (Amer, 2022). To explore these factors, a literature review of peer-reviewed articles, observations of Spanish instruction in three school districts, and surveys of 23 in-service world language teachers were conducted. The survey investigated how the teachers utilize these factors affect SLA and how to utilize them in Spanish classrooms of different levels (middle and high school). These data from published literature, survey responses and observations of in-service educators suggest that guidelines are needed for teachers to know what topics to use the target language for versus the native language, even though most of the class should be conducted in the second language (ACTFL, 2 2024; Hlas, 2016). While educators believe it is important to use the TL, the surveys show educators do not use it consistently and the in observations teachers used the TL for various purposes. Additionally, in observations and from surveys, middle school Spanish teachers use less of the target language as students are younger and need more reinforcement with the language as they have less knowledge to draw from to comprehend target language-only instruction. Context can also promote language learning. One way that context promotes SLA is through studying abroad, as it provides opportunities for students to improve their target language speaking skills and fluency. However, one study that suggests that students who did not study abroad had greater L2 grammar improvement than their counterparts who studied abroad (Segalowitz, Freed, Collentine, Lafford, Lazar, & Diaz-Campos, 2004). Additionally, context for SLA can be examined through the use of authentic L2 materials (those not made for language classrooms). Understanding the context of where different texts and languages are used promotes a deeper understanding of the language. Some studies have suggested that technology enhances student learning through engagement and gives students more autonomy (Bustamente, 2020; Misir, 2018). Observations and surveys of language teachers show that middle school classes use more technology as students are younger, making learning more engaging and enjoyable. This thesis aims to provide a summary of key research on how L2 learning is affected and developed differently when starting at middle versus high school and the pedagogical differences that school districts and educators may reference to ensure their students are receiving the proper instruction to become successful speakers of a new language. This project can help future educators become more prepared to teach a second language based on a greater understanding of their student’s needs, in addition to identifying potential pedagogical differences when teaching older versus younger students Spanish as an L2
Exploring teacher strategies regarding multilingualism on popular social media platforms such as TikTok and Instagram
Get PDFAs a teacher, the scale of knowledge acquisition is endless. In an ever-changing world, social media becomes more prevalent every day. Not only does it become more popular and common with children and adults in their everyday lives, but there is even a social media uprising in the learning environment. English language learners benefit from social media use in learning in many ways, many of which will be discussed in this project. Teachers can also use social media for tips on teacher strategies, especially with ELs in their classrooms. This project will address the question of how social media can benefit multilingual students in different ways as well as a teacher’s use of TikTok for teaching, learning, and sharing ideas. Following this, is a literature review covering the topics of social media to help multilingual students, listening and learning, and social media in learning. The results of a small qualitative textual analysis exploring content creators on TikTok and Instagram will also be shared
Sisterhood and Solidarity in the Netarhat Field Firing Range Movement: A Study of Indian Tribal Women’s Struggle and Activism
Get PDFThis article examines the understanding of collectivism and sisterhood among Oraon tribal women in the Netarhat Field Firing Range movement. Further, this study discusses tribal women’s consciousness of repressive operations of the state and of their experiences of triple oppression as a tribal group, as women, and as activists. Tribal women’s goals, however, are much more than women’s liberation; they demand tribal autonomy and the right to forest resources so that tribal people can live peacefully in their regions. This study also looks at how a group of women shared their gender-based grievances as well as their everyday struggle under militarized control of their villages. Often, women’s groups are at the forefront of rallies and marches, mobilizing the villagers and attending village meetings, but the male-dominated society rarely views women’s revolutionary accomplishments as an effort of sisterhood. The state government agreed to the tribal demand not to re-notify the Netarhat Field Firing Range Project, not only because of the efforts of the men of the society but also due to women’s willpower, solidarity, and bravery within the movement.
Using the narrative approach, this research aims to explore tribal women’s lived experiences and everyday struggle during the Netarhat field firing range project with reference to fieldwork conducted in the villages of Mahuadanr, Banari, Navatoli, and Sakhuapani where tribal women activists played a key role. Until now, tribal women\u27s lived experiences, narratives, and consciousness during the different contemporary movements of Jharkhand have been ignored by most scholars. Studying this site is very relevant to understanding tribal women’s questions, issues, and feminist standpoints. The fieldwork for this paper was conducted as part of the author’s PhD research in Chotanagpur and the Kolhan regions of Jharkhand state, India. The study found that the Netarhat Field Firing Range movement was based on truth claims and followed the Gandhian ideology of non-violence to achieve rights. Further, this paper explores the sisterhood and solidarity amongst tribal women activists, and how non-tribal activists helped strengthen the tribal movements
Subjugation of Adivasi Women and the Role of NGO PRADAN in Holistic Development
Get PDFAdivasis are the original inhabitants of India, and their history has been plagued by suffering and deprivation. From the Aryan invasion of 1400 B.C. to the British colonial period, Adivasis have been subjected to domination, displacement, organized loot of resources, and suppression. They are still experiencing forced displacement and other forms of injustice and inequalities in the name of capitalist development. The Indian government took many positive steps to change the condition of Scheduled Tribes (the constitutional term for Adivasi), but despite these governmental actions, no significant changes have been witnessed in their livelihood. A vast majority of the Adivasi population cannot use governmental facilities. The condition of Adivasi women is even worse than that of Adivasi men. PRADAN (Professional Assistance for Development Action), a nonprofit, non-government organization started in the 1980s with the vision of bringing positive changes to the lives of less privileged people, primarily works on problems of severe poverty, illiteracy, high infant mortality, and social evils like dowry, slavery, and wife burning. The present work presents a brief history of the Adivasi and the constitutional debate over the term Adivasi, a highlight of the measures taken by the government, and a discussion of the difficult life circumstances faced by Adivasi women. This paper critically explores the pattern of crime against Adivasi women. It further focuses on the innovative and effective strategies and community-based approaches that PRADAN embraced in helping to improve the lives of Adivasi women. Specifically, this paper will discuss how Adivasi women are becoming united through PRADAN’s Self-Help Groups (SHGs) and other women’s organizations formed by PRADAN, such as Narmada Mahila Sangh (NMS), Damodar Mahila Mandal (DMM), and Nari Adalat (Women’s Court) that provide justice and hope to Adivasi women
Forced Migration as a “State of Exception”: The Precarious Lives of Migrant Women of Jammu and Kashmir in Kulvir Gupta’s Embers the Beginning and Embers the End of Mirpur
Get PDFThis paper explores the lost stories of the precarious lives of thousands of migrant women from the community that the Indian government officially calls Displaced Persons of Pakistan-occupied Jammu and Kashmir (DPs of PoJK). We examine the stories of those who survived the painful migration that followed tribal raids in the western parts of the kingdom of Jammu and Kashmir, which ceased to exist after its accession with the Union of India on October 26, 1947. Drawing on the concept of precarity as propounded by Judith Butler, this paper critically examines the torturous experiences of women in Kulvir Gupta’s autobiography, Embers the Beginning and Embers the End of Mirpur (2018). The paper also employs Agamben’s conception of “camp” to analyze the unlawful and inhumane treatment these women received in migrant camps such as Kalghar and Alibegh. It shows how their life was relegated to “bare lives” while being differentially subjected to gender-based violence amidst the territorial conquest in the region. This paper concludes that these migrant women from Mirpur and the entire western region of the erstwhile Jammu and Kashmir were highly vulnerable to sexual exploitation in the contemporary political order of the region. This paper, being the first of its kind on the select migrant group, attempts to voice the pains and struggles of these courageous migrant women of whom only a few are alive today