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Exploitation of Child Domestic Workers in Ngenger Culture of Javanese Society in Indonesia
Get PDFThis study explains a Javanese cultural practice called ngenger—when girls volunteer to be domestic servants in exchange for educational benefits—as a form of exploitation of labor. The purpose of this study is to understand this Javanese tradition from the perspective of Gender Anthropology. This research is a descriptive study using a qualitative method. The location of the study was in Surabaya and the city of Malang, East Java, and was conducted by collecting data in the form of observations and in-depth interviews. The informants for this study were girls who are domestic workers, parents of the child domestic workers, and the recipient parents of these child domestic workers. This study shows that ngenger girls employed as domestic workers are exploited since they lose almost all of their rights. The ways in which ngenger girls are exploited include having low wages, lacking bargaining power, being forced to be obedient, lacking the courage to claim their rights, not daring to complain to anyone, and continuing to serve the recipients. The condition where the ngenger girls do not have bargaining position over the recipients of their labor is precisely what makes this practice a form of exploitation. The relationship between girls and the recipient families is a patron-client relationship. The patron client relation should be a reciprocal relationship that is mutually beneficial. A recipient patron of a ngenger girl has the responsibility to fulfill the needs of the girl as a client, and, in return, the client must give her loyalty to her patron. Patron-client relations are economic relations where profits must be achieved, which makes exploitation possible. In fact, ngenger girls do not get the fulfillment of basic needs, protection, and good education, but they still continue to be loyal to the recipient parents. This circumstance is what makes the relationship in ngenger culture an unfair and exploitative relationship
A Qualitative Study of In-School Support for LGBTQ+ Students
Get PDFResearch suggests that LGBTQ+ students experience higher rates of bullying and harassment due to their gender identity in school. Therefore, the need for schools to create a positive school climate and provide interventions for these students is imperative. This study aimed to understand the effectiveness of these interventions from the perspective of adjustment counselors. This study followed Moustakas\u27s methods of transcendental phenomenology and used semi-structured interviews to collect data. The sample consisted of seven adjustment counselors interviewed on their usage and perceived effectiveness of in-school supportive interventions for LGBTQ+ students. Five themes surfaced: an open and accepting climate, policies, professional development, therapeutic support, and in-school community. These results echo existing research that adjustment counselors play a supportive role for LGBTQ+ students in schools. Participants describe the importance of having administrative support for in-school supportive interventions accessible to school staff, students, and families as they attribute these as central to a positive and accepting school climate. These findings contribute to the research based on LGTBQ+ student success in school and suggest that schools could better support such students through professional development for school personnel and an integrated, inclusive curriculum for students
With Great Power: A Content Analysis of Masculinities and Appearance-Related Themes in the Marvel Cinematic Universe
Get PDFComic book characters and superheroes have served as Hollywood’s biggest cash cow of the last two decades, dominating box office records, over-saturating the release schedules of major movie studios, and influencing the cultural consciousness in a way that is historically unprecedented. The most notable and financially successful example of this trend can be seen in the form of the Marvel Cinematic Universe (MCU), a franchise that has grossed an estimated $29.8 billion in box office revenue since its inception in 2008. Due to their immense popularity and global reach, superhero characters serve as role models for young boys and adult men alike. However, many cinematic adaptations of comic book related properties seem to prominently feature the objectification and glorification of unrealistic male body types while negatively stigmatizing unconventional or higher weight individuals. As a result, exposure to superhero programming has been positively associated with the internalization of masculinity norms, male appearance ideals, and a drive for muscularity that may result in harmful behaviors such as eating disorders, anabolic-androgenic steroid abuse, or body/muscle dysmorphia. Using a coded-content analysis approach, the current study has selected a variety of masculinity and appearance related themes from past content analyses to evaluate how masculinities and male body types are portrayed in Disney produced MCU films
Nike Omni Sense Swim Guardian Googles
Get PDFIn a world where innovation meets athleticism, there is room to push the boundaries with the introduction of the Nike Omni Sense Swim Guardian Goggles. This groundbreaking smart swimwear technology represents a paradigm shift in swim safety, offering unparalleled features designed to empower swimmers of all levels. The Nike Omni Sense Swim Guardian Goggle Public Relations Campaign aims to amplify the launch of this new revolutionary product, leveraging strategic communication tactics to build brand awareness, foster consumer trust, and drive engagement among target audiences
Integrated Model of Cybercrime Dynamics: A Comprehensive Framework for Understanding Offending and Victimization in the Digital Realm
Get PDFThis article introduces the Integrated Model of Cybercrime Dynamics (IMCD), a novel theoretical framework for examining the complex interplay between individual characteristics, online behavior, environmental factors, and outcomes related to cybercrime offending and victimization. The model incorporates key concepts from existing theories, empirical evidence, and interdisciplinary perspectives to provide a comprehensive framework. In contrast to traditional criminological theories, the proposed model integrates concepts from multiple disciplines to offer a holistic framework that captures the complexity of cybercrime and specifically caters for the uniqueness of cyberspace. The article will provide a detailed overview of the conceptual model, its theoretical underpinnings drawing from criminology and victimology, empirical support for the key components and relationships. The article will conclude by discussing the significance of the IMCD for advancing cybercrime theory, guiding future research, informing prevention/intervention efforts, and ultimately combating the growing challenge of cybercrime in the digital age
Film Review: Women, Representation, and Romance: The Magic Space of What’s Love Got to Do With It?
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Book Review: Female Subjectivity in Narrating the Body: Selected Works of Contemporary Indian Women Writers
Get PDFThriving through Time: Resilience and Empowerment for Aging Women in Rural Indonesia
Get PDFRecent research exploring aging women’s realities in rural areas has revealed how gender norms, ageism, and isolation intertwine, impacting women’s lives, health, and access to services. As disadvantages and exclusion increase with age, women encounter shrinking opportunities, reinforced stereotypes, and marginalization. Especially in remote Indonesian villages, aging women lack access to healthcare, income support, and basic services compared to urban counterparts. Drawing on in-depth, semi-structured interviews and focus group discussions with 35 aging rural women in Blitar Regency, East Java Province, Indonesia, this phenomenological study provides insights into the marginalization and deficient public services these women face, including worsening isolation, health issues, and instability. We found that elderly women’s immersion in domestic duties makes them unaware of and unable to access important public services, such as healthcare and transportation, that could improve their situation. Though they are resilient in continuing unpaid work as their health worsens, the lack of personal time and energy due to these demanding home duties prevents access to services, including proper healthcare facilities and transportation to hospitals. Limited rural transportation and public transit further isolate immobile elderly women, constraining their access to urban health facilities and forcing reliance on family and neighbors to navigate the difficulties of getting healthcare. Though facing challenges accessing services, the women are still able to find empowerment through social groups and small-scale work that gives them pleasure. They prioritize wellness and contentment over formal employment, exhibiting resilience in self-empowering ways that enable them to address challenges. While their gender and age may reduce their dignity and agency, aging rural women can find self-empowerment by relying on each other and doing small acts of self-determination in their work. This essay explores diversities at the intersection of race, class, sexuality, and ability, thus providing nuance to inform those working in the realm of rural public services