Ehime University Institutional Repository

金森, 雅

山下, 光

Japanese

Role of verbal labeling on right-left discrimination task : Findings from reaction time analysis

三浦, 和尚

坂田, 知津江

越智, 文明

Language Development and Training during the Transition Period from Preschool to First Grade

渡邉, 重義

青井, 倫子

平松, 義樹

A Study of the lessons for realizing the continuance of science curriculum

小林, 資忠

A Contribution to the Question Box in the English Teachers' Magazine

川岡, 勉

Sovereignty and the Right of Tenka-Seibai in Middle Ages Japan

山口, 正隆

日野, 幹雄

大福, 学

畑田, 佳男

野中, 浩一

139
工学ジャーナル　第 8 巻
2009 年 3 月
Annual Journal of Eng.,
Ehime Univ., VIII, Mar., 2009
 
 
Station-by-Station Wave Hindcasting Over One Year in the Western Seto 
Inland Sea and its Verification 
 
 
 
 
Masataka YAMAGUCHI , Mikio HINO , Manabu OHFUKU ,                 
Yoshio HATADA  and Hirokazu NONAKA  
 
Distributions of sea surface winds on the western Seto Inland Sea are estimated over a period of more than 
one year based on the interpolation analyses of the measured winds at many stations surrounding the sea area 
and the climatic wind conditions on the sea area are investigated. The analysis reveals that southerly winds 
dominate in summer and northerly or northwesterly winds dominate in the remaining seasons. One-year wave 
hindcastings are conducted at each of the measurement stations by using the backward ray tracing model on a 
nested grid with high space resolution under the aforementioned wind conditions. The comparison indicates that 
the hindcasts of wave height yield close agreement with the measurements at each of the stations and that the 
hindcasts of wave period give estimates with lower quality than those of wave height due mainly to the 
poorly-measured wave period data in the small scale sea areas, excluding the results at Nagahama station, which 
provided exceptionally high correlation. 
 
Key Words western Seto Inland Sea, measurement-based sea surface wind distribution, wind climate, one-year 
wave hindcasting, wave measurement station, wave climate 
 
[1] [2]
NCEP/NCAR
80 km [3]
2 km
                                                           
*  
Engineering for Production and Environment, Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Ehime University 
**  
Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering Faculty of Engineering Ehime University 
20 9 10  
140
1983 2005 23 [4]
10 23
 
2006
2004 12
2006
2007
2003 12 2004
 
 
 
25
1 25
V1 V9 NCEP
NCEP1 35
30
25
 
  1/7 10 m U10
1.0~1.2
NCEP
[3]
NCEP1 NCEP 2006 2007
28
1 4 5 23 24 25 2
3 2006 NCEP1 NCEP
50 100
22
11
100
0 50km
N
j (y )
i(
x)
50
obs. pt.
interpolation pt.
analy. winds pt.
118
wind grid
12
34
5 6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20 21
23
24
25 NCEP1
V6V7
V5V8
V9
V2
V1
V3
V4
118 x 104
x =2km
 
Fig. 1 Location of input points of wind data.
141
4 3 6 7 8 14
15 9 10 11
11 12 13 14 14
16 17 18 19 20 21
21 22 23 4  
25 NCEP
[5]
1.05 1.2
35 [5] 2 km
2003 2004 [1]
0613 2006
0613 NE
0613 17 18
20 m/s S SE
E E 10 m/s
21 S SE
20 m/s 25 m/s
SSE 15 20 m/s  
12 W 10 m/s 12.5 m/s
10 m/s NW NNW
W NNW W
16 15 m/s
 
 
11
0 40km
N
94 x 95
x = 2km
j ( y )
i(
x
)
40
20m /s
2006
Sep.17  18:00
U10 m/s
80
17.5
10
7.5
12.5
12.5
22.5 20 15
25
20
15
17.5
40 80 1
0 40km
N
94 x 95
x = 2km
j ( y )
20m /s
2006
Sep.17  21:00
U10 m/s
22.5
10
12.5
22.5
20
25
20
15
17.5
20
25
20
15
40 80 11
0 40km
N
94 x 95
x = 2km
j ( y )
i(
x)
40
20m /s
2006
Feb.8  12:00
U10 m/s
80
5
12.5
10
5
7.5
7.5
12.5
7.5
10
10
10 12.5
10
40 80 1
0 40km
N
94 x 95
x = 2km
j ( y )
20m /s
2006
Feb.8  16:00
U10 m/s
5
15
15
5
7.5
7.5
5
10
10
10
7.5
12.5
10
7.5
40 80
 
Fig. 2 Sea surface wind distribution associated with a typhoon and a depression. 
142
  2006 2007 28
10U U 2006
12 2007 28 2 km
 
4 5 m/s
3 4 m/s 4.5 5.5 m/s 4 5.5 m/s 
6 m/s
W NNW
N  
2.5 m/s 3 4 m/s
180 S S SSE
SE E ENE
SSE S SW  
3.5 4.5 m/s N
N  
U
2 3.5 m/s 40 60 %
 
N S S N
 
 
11
0 40km
N
94 x 95
x = 2km
j ( y )
i(
x)
40
10m /s
'06.3 '07.2
4
5
4.5
6
4
U10 m/s
80
5
4.5
4.5
3
4
3
5.5
6
4
3.5
5
winter
40 80 1
0 40km
N
94 x 95
x = 2km
j ( y )
10m /s
'06.3 '07.2
6
4
5
6
3
U10 m/s
4.5
4
5.5
54
3.5
5
5
4
4.5
3.5
4spring
40 80 1
0 40km
N
94 x 95
x = 2km
j ( y )
10m /s
summer
4
4
3
U10 m/s
3.5
3.5
3.5
33.5
3
'06.3 '07.2
2.5
3
40 80 1
0 40km
N
94 x 95
x = 2km
j ( y )
10m /s
'06.3 '07.2
4
4
5
3
U10 m/s
4.5
4
4.5
3.5
3.5
4
autumn
3.5
4.5
3.52.5
40 80
 
11
0 40km
N
94 x 95
x = 2km
j ( y )
i(
x
)
40
'06.3 '07.2
3
23
U m/s
80
2.5
2.5
2
2.5
2
2
3
4
3.5
winter
2
2
2
40 80 1
0 40km
N
94 x 95
x = 2km
j ( y )
'06.3 '07.2
3
U m/s
2.5
3.5
2
2
3
4 2.5
2
spring
3
2.5
3
2.5 2
3.5
2.5
2.5
40 80 1
0 40km
N
94 x 95
x = 2km
j ( y )
'06.3 '07.2
U m/s
1.5
2
2
2
1.5
2.5
2
1.5
summer
2.5
2.5
2
40 80 1
0 40km
N
94 x 95
x = 2km
j ( y )
'06.3 '07.2
3
U m/s 2.5
2
2
2
3.5
2.5
2.5
2
2.5
3
2
autumn
3
2.5
3
2
40 80
 
Fig. 3 Distribution of mean sea surface winds and standard deviations grouped by individual season. 
143
 
2 km NCEP
80 km
5 km 0.5 km
0
 
9 m 14 m 29 m 14 
m
 
0.1 1 Hz 23
0 360 10 37
0.04 1 Hz 29 0.1 1 Hz 23
2006 2007 28
10
2003 12 16 2004 25
 
 
30 40
0610
0613
1 j (y )
i(
x)
grid
673x673
x=5km
0 800 km
1
200
400
600
200 400 600
200 400 600 80011
400
h=200m
N
j(y)
i(
x)
50
200
grid
471 x901
x=0.5km
Kaminoseki
Kanda
Nagahama
Oita
 
 
Fig.4 Nested domain for wave hindcasting and name of measurement 
station. 
144
 
0610
 
 
0
2
4
6
8
10
0
1
2
Ts
 s
H
s 
m
1 5 10
1 5 10 20 25 30
Kanda  2006
Kanda  2006
obs. cal.
obs. cal.
20 25 3015May
15May
0
5
10
15
0
1
2
3
4
Ts
 s
H
s 
m
15 20 25
1515 20 1030 1 5
Kanda  2006
Kanda  2006
Sept.
Sept.
obs. cal.
obs. cal.
51 1030Aug.
25Aug.
15 20
20
T0610
T0613
 
0
2
4
6
8
10
0
1
2
Ts
 s
H
s 
m
1 5 10
1 5 10 20 25 28
Oita  2006
Oita  2006
obs. cal.
obs. cal.
20 25 2815Feb.
15Feb. 1
1
Mar.
Mar.
 
0
2
4
6
8
10
0
1
2
3
Ts
 s
H
s 
m
15 20 25
1515 20 1030 1 5
Oita  2006
Oita  2006
Sept.
Sept.
obs. cal.
obs. cal.
51 1030Aug.
25Aug.
15 20
20
T0610 T0613
0
2
4
6
8
10
0
1
2
Ts
 s
H
s 
m
1 5 10
1 5 10 20 25 28
Kaminoseki  2006
Kaminoseki  2006
obs. cal.
obs. cal.
20 25 2815Feb.
15Feb. 1
1
Mar.
Mar.
0
5
10
15
0
1
2
3
4
Ts
 s
H
s 
m
15 20 25
1515 20 1030 1 5
Kaminoseki  2006
Kaminoseki  2006
Sept.
Sept.
obs. cal.
obs. cal.
51 1030Aug.
25Aug.
15 20
20
T0610
T0613
0
2
4
6
8
10
0
1
2
3
Ts
 s
H
s 
m
16 20 25
16 20 25 1530 5 10
Nagahama  2003
Nagahama  2003
Dec.
Dec.
obs. cal.
obs. cal.
30 5 10 151 Jan.
Jan.1
0
2
4
6
8
10
0
1
2
3
Ts
 s
H
s 
m
1520
20 25 30 155 10
Nagahama  2004
Nagahama  2004
Feb.
Jan.
obs. cal.
obs. cal.
25 30 101Jan.
Feb.1
5
 
Fig. 5 Comparison of hindcasts and measurements for time variations of wave height and wave period. 
 
145
H T a0H
a0T H m T s
45
45
H=0.913 a0H=0.983 H=0.09 m T=0.268 a0T=0.967 T=0.55 s
3.5 s  
45
45
H=0.760 a0H=0.898 H=0.17 m
T=0.112 a0T=0.988 T=0.75 s
45
H=0.876 a0H=0.907 H=0.12 m
T=0.532 a0T=0.974 T=0.50 s
 
H=0.906 a0H=1.000 H=0.19 m
 
0 1 2 30
1
2
3
Hs obs  m
Kanda  '06.3–'07.2
p=0.1%
a0 H=0.983
H=0.09m
2H
s 
ca
l  
m
1
0.5
H=0.913
5
0 2 4 6 8 100
2
4
6
8
10
Ts obs  s
Kanda  '06.3–'07.2
p=0.1%
T=0.268
a0T=0.967
T=0.55s
10
0.5
Ts
 c
al
  s
5
1
2
0 1 2 30
1
2
3
Hs obs  m
Oita  '06.3–'07.2
p=0.1%
a0H=0.898
H=0.17m
2H
s 
ca
l  
m
1
0.5
H=0.760
5
0 2 4 6 8 100
2
4
6
8
10
Ts obs  s
Oita  '06.3–'07.2
p=0.1%
T=
 0.112
a0 T=0.988
T=0.75s10
0.5
Ts
 c
al
  s
5
1
2
 
0 1 2 30
1
2
3
Hs obs  m
Kaminoseki  '06.3–'07.2
p=0.1%
a0 H=0.907
H=0.12m
2H
s 
ca
l  
m
1
0.5
H=0.876
5
0 2 4 6 8 100
2
4
6
8
10
Ts obs  s
Kaminoseki  '06.3–'07.2
p=0.1%
T=0.532
a0 T=0.974
T=0.50s
10
0.5
Ts
 c
al
  s
5
1
2
0 1 2 30
1
2
3
Hs obs  m
Nagahama
  '03.12–'04.2
p=0.1%
a0H=1.000
H=0.19m
2H
s 
ca
l  
m
1
0.5
H=0.906
5
0 2 4 6 8 100
2
4
6
8
10
Ts obs  s
Nagahama
  '03.12–'04.2
p=0.1%
T=0.885
a0 T=0.967
T=0.51s
10
0.5
Ts
 c
al
  s
5
1
2
 
Fig. 6 Scatter diagram of hindcasts and measurements for wave height and wave period. 
146
T=0.885 a0T=0.967 T=0.51 s
1
 
1/10 1/3 Hs10
Hs3 sH Hs Ts10 Ts3 sT Ts
 
2006 2007 28
2 cm
1/10 Hs10
 
 
Hs3 sH Ts3
 a0  Hs3
Ts3 sH
Ts3 0.78
1 Ts3
Ts3  
 
Table 1 Comparison of hindcasts- and measurements-based statistics for wave height and wave period. 
 
sta- sH  m sH m 3sH m 10sH m sT  s sT s 3sT s 10sT s 
tion cal. obs. cal. obs. cal. obs. cal. obs. cal. obs. cal. obs. cal. obs. cal. obs.
Kanda 0.31 0.30 0.21 0.22 0.52 0.51 0.77 0.79 3.27 3.35 0.47 0.42 3.77 3.78 4.34 4.14
Oita 0.34 0.35 0.24 0.24 0.62 0.60 0.88 0.91 3.73 3.71 0.58 0.56 4.40 4.33 4.98 4.86
Kami* 0.28 0.29 0.23 0.25 0.51 0.51 0.84 0.90 3.07 3.12 0.51 0.52 3.62 3.68 4.30 4.27
Naga* 0.52 0.46 0.37 0.41 0.95 0.91 1.32 1.47 3.74 3.79 0.83 1.06 4.72 5.09 5.44 5.71
Kami* Kaminoseki Naga* Nagahama 
147
Hs3 sH
45
1
 
0.84 1
T 0.534
1
 
2 3 4 5 6
2
3
4
5
6
(Ts3)=
  0.481
a0(Ts3)=
    0.992
Ts3 obs  s
Ts
3 
ca
l  
s
Kanda
0 1
0
1
(Hs3)=
  0.798
a0(Hs3)=
    1.015
Hs3 obs  m
H
s3
 c
al
  m
Kanda
.5
.5
(Hs)=
  0.780
a0(Hs)=
    1.048
Hs obs  m
H
s 
ca
l  
m
Kanda
0 .2 .4 .6
0
.2
.4
.6
0
6
.5
0
H
s 
m
2
0
Kanda ' 06.3 –'07.2
Hs
Month
cal.
obs.
.5
Ts
3 
s
H
s3
 m
Hs3
Ts3
1
3 5 7 9 11 1
4
    
3 4 5 6 7
3
4
5
6
7
(Ts3)=
  0.058
a0(Ts3)=
    0.999
Ts3 obs  s
Ts
3 
ca
l  
s
Oita
0 1
0
1
(Hs3)=
  0.922
a0(Hs3)=
    1.004
Hs3 obs  m
H
s3
 c
al
  m
Oita
.5
.5
(Hs)=
  0.958
a0(Hs)=
    0.961
Hs obs  m
H
s 
ca
l  
m
Oita
0 .2 .4 .6
0
.2
.4
.6
0
4
1
H
s 
m
2
0
0
Oita '06.3 –'07.2
Hs
Month
cal.
obs.
.5
.5
Ts
3 
s
H
s3
 m
Hs3
Ts3
3 5 7 9 11 1
6
 
2 3 4 5 6
2
3
4
5
6
(Ts3)=
  0.534
a0(Ts3)=
    0.978
Ts3 obs  s
Ts
3 
ca
l  
s
Kaminoseki
0 1
0
1
(Hs3)=
  0.885
a0(Hs3)=
    0.973
Hs3 obs  m
H
s3
 c
al
  m
Kaminoseki
.5
.5
(Hs)=
  0.843
a0(Hs)=
    0.987
Hs obs  m
H
s 
ca
l  
m
Kaminoseki
0 .2 .4 .6
0
.2
.4
.6
0
4
1
H
s 
m
2
0
0
Kaminoseki '06.3 –'07.2
Hs
Month
cal.
obs.
.5
.5
Ts
3 
s
H
s3
 mHs3
Ts3
3 5 7 9 11 1
6
    
3 4 5 6 7
3
4
5
6
7
(Ts3)=
  0.918
a0(Ts3)=
    0.866
Ts3 obs  s
Ts
3 
ca
l  
s
Nagahama
0 1 2
0
1
2
(Hs3)=
  0.896
a0(Hs3)=
    1.022
Hs3 obs  m
H
s3
 c
al
  m
Nagahama
0 1
0
1
(Hs)=
  0.997
a0(Hs)=
    1.138
Hs obs  m
H
s 
ca
l  
m
Nagahama
.5
.5
0
6
.5
0
H
s 
m
2
0
Nagahama ' 03.12 –'04.2
Hs
Month
cal.
obs.
.5
Ts
3 
s
H
s3
 m
Hs3
Ts3
1
12 2 4 6 8 10
4
 
Fig. 7 Comparison of monthly-averaged statistics of wave height and wave period based on hindcasts and measurements.
 
148
12
 
 
 
  2006
 
 
 
   
 
NOWPHAS
 
    
[1]  
54 pp.106-110 2007. 
[2]  
55 2008 . 
[3]  
52 pp.141-145 2005  
[4] 
381 / -7 pp.151-160 1987  
[5]  
10 pp.65-78 1985  
 
 
 


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