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A Contrastive Study of Modality in Japanese and Chinese － A Linguistic Typological Perspective －
Get PDFapplication/pdfModality, a mode of speech act, in the second language learning is considered as one of the most difficult grammatical features. Linguistic typology analyzing both language-universal and language-specific features is a useful method for contrastive linguistics, and its contribution to the area of second language acquisition is highly expected (Comrie, 2003). The aim of this study is to clarify the characteristics of modality in Japanese and Chinese on the basis of a typological study of modality by Palmer (2001). The results of this study are summarized : (1) modal systems of both Japanese and Chinese are composed of several morphologically different forms, (2)auxiliary verbs in Chinese modal system are polysemy, (3) the development of grammaticalization chain of modality in Japanese is dynamic> deontic/ epistemic and that in Chinese is dynamic>deontic>epistemic,(4) hierarchy among the modal markers exists in both languages
Essay on Prince Nagaya's Case － With regard to his suicide and its background －
Get PDFapplication/pdfPrince Nagaya, aged46, suicided at his residence with his wife and his three sons all together on 12th Feb.729 A.D. This reatise aims to make clear how to committed the suicide and its background of the criminal case,mainly in the religions point of view. The text "Syokunihongi"was written about the suicide that prince Nagaya made to suicide himself for the reason why he laid a cruse on the Emperor.Thereby almost all of the authors had asserted that Emperor Syomu suggested to suicide himself, but l should take with issue them on the suicide : Emperor ordered him to be suicide himself. The reasons are that,(1)Emperor is a "thinking-doing" Emperor. (2)There are many elements of background. Then inherent religion, Shinto and acquired religion, Budism was fiercely competing with each other in the society of ancient Japan. The head of the former was Prince Nagaya and the latter Emperor Shyomu. The other element is dispensation thought on based on the confucians as well as astrology. These thoughts and knowledges influenced on the both sides,wherever dicision-making had been done. We should be remarkable that bad omen as Mars and Venus appeared in 720-729 A.D. concentrated,and 12th Feb.729A.D.the case occurred
On the Statistical Usefulness and Application of Sample Range
Get PDFapplication/pdfWe gave so far the g.l.b. and the l.u.b. of the second moment centered at the mean, so called s.s., by using the range R, and similar basic formulae for various data structures mathematically. We also devised the ways to prove them. In order to investigate the relation statistically, we give a table of correction multipliers of R to give unbiased estimates of the population standard deviation σ, a table of enciency of estimation by R compared with estimation by the sample standard deviation、 s, etc. Thereafter illustrative examples by practical data and a consideration to effective usage of the range R are give
Enforcement and reflection of an open class "Arts and Crafts I"
Get PDFapplication/pdfThis paper is record of an open class on Arts and Crafts I , performed in the Department of Early childhood Education of Takamatsu Junior College. This class was performed as part of the project named `Open Classes by the Teachers in the Department of Early Childhood Education'(supported by the backup Expenditure to Improve Teaching-learning Methods for 2007,from the special expenditure to promote advanced higher education),which has been practiced since 2003.The project aims to pick out pedagogical problems and seek solutions through discussions after each full-time teacher in the Department of Early childhood Education makes public their classes to other teachers. At the same time, it is expected that each teacher will try to improve their teaching strategy and the students' learning strategy by contriving to ensure better classes through analyzing their own classes. The present writer has given 10 open classes so far, and this is the first open class in 2007
Distress to Working Mother When Their Children Have Been Sick: Several Working Mothers Used of Day Care for Sick Children
Get PDFapplication/pdfThis study examines what working mothers'distress is when their children have been sick as well as they must rest though they want not to rest their work on the basis of them used of day care for sick children. First of all, I interviewed twenty working mothers used of day care for sick children about motive that they used them, and their estimation of them. As a result working mothers had double distress when their children had had sick. First of all, working mothers had the distress that they must care for their sick children necessary and attentive care. For example, they felt anxiety about way of care for their children and had distress of child care by themselves. Secondly, working mothers had the distress that they couldn't carry out in their office. For example, they was reserve that they rested their job, felt crisis about the phone from the day nursery, and knew that they couldn't rest their job for the employment system. The distress was really declined working mothers'zeal for working. It differed from conventional interpretation that they must rest though they want not to rest their work on
Trends of "Heterogeneity" in German pedagogy － From Relationship with "Individualization"
Get PDFapplication/pdfThis paper aimed to classify the arguments about heterogeneous learning group in German pedagogy referring to a theory developed by Kiper, H. and to consider a relationship between "heterogeneity" and "individualization", because "individualization" is emphasized in teaching-learning process. First, we could make it clear that there was a lively discussion about differentiation and individualization in German pedagogy by classifying the trends of study about "heterogeneity". Next, we inquired into teaching with heterogeneous learning group, by focusing on the concept "learning arrangement". Through the discussion, we could clarify the alternative learning arrangements and the viewpoint of monitoring. Lastly, we considered about "individualization" and proposed an aspect of "individualization" with a perspective for cooperation
Report on Implementation of an Open Class "Practice of Business Computing"
Get PDFapplication/pdfThis paper is an enforcement report of an open class performed in Takamatsu Junior College. In the secretarial course, the "Practice of Business Computing" was held as an open class in the first year. This paper reports the outline of open class and considers the issue about Practice of Business Computing
25 learning principles: Applying psychology to guide pedagogy and the design of learning environments
Get PDFapplication/pdfThe purpose of this paper is to introduce "25 learning principles" written by Graesser, Halpern, & Hakel (2008). These learning principles are empirically grounded and useful for guiding instruction methods and designing learning environments. I summarized these learning principles and issues in its application were discussed
Learning of Early Childhood Education Students through Observations of Picture Book Read Aloud Sessions by Teachers －A Qualitative Analysis of Post-Practicum Questionnaire Responses－
Get PDFapplication/pdfThis study aims to clarify what early childhood education students learn through observing picture book read aloud sessions during their teaching practicum and to provide suggestions for future practicum guidance. A total of 176 students participated in the survey. A qualitative analysis of their open-ended responses led to the extraction of five conceptual categories: techniques of reading aloud, environmental arrangement for reading aloud,types and selection of picture books,childcare practices surrounding read-aloud activities, and understanding of children. The results revealed that students not only learned reading techniques, but also developed multifaceted insights into the childcare environment, children's reactions, and the effective use of picture books. It is suggested that further educational support should be provided to help students apply these areas in practice simulated childcare and practical exercises
“Self-Portrait Creation” in Art and Craft I-I and the Developmentally Appropriate “Self-Portrait” Instruction (A Practical Report)
Get PDFapplication/pdfThis paper reports on the practice of making a self-portraits in Art and Craft I-I, a compulsory subject for obtaining an elementary school teaching license. It reports on the author’s experiences of the creative activity of producing self-portraits while visiting kindergartens and other schools in Kagawa prefecture as an art teacher commissioned by the Prefectural Board of Education, and the practice of making self-portraits in classes in the art department of a junior high school. It also discusses how to teach self-portraits according to developmental stages, with students in the upper grades of elementary school being particularly reticent to create self-portraits