Open Library Archives of Kagawa University (OLIVE)
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Curriculum vitae of Professor Akio Takahashi . List of works of Professor Akio Takahashi
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Life history of NAKANO Buei : For the contents of Kagawa spatio‐temporal digital archives
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An enriched environment ameliorates the reduction of parvalbumin-positive interneurons in the medial prefrontal cortex caused by maternal separation early in life
Get PDF香川大学Kagawa University博士（医学）Early child maltreatment, such as child abuse and neglect, is well known to affect the development of social skills. However, the mechanisms by which such an adverse environment interrupts the development of social skills remain unelucidated. Identifying the period and brain regions that are susceptible to adverse environments can lead to appropriate developmental care later in life. We recently reported an excitatory/inhibitory imbalance and low activity during social behavior in the medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) of the maternal separation (MS) animal model of early life neglect after maturation. Based on these results, in the present study, we investigated how MS disturbs factors related to excitatory and inhibitory neurons in the mPFC until the critical period of mPFC development. Additionally, we evaluated whether the effects of MS could be recovered in an enriched environment after MS exposure. Rat pups were separated from their dams on postnatal days (PDs) 2–20 (twice daily, 3 h each) and compared with the mother-reared control (MRC) group. Gene expression analysis revealed that various factors related to excitatory and inhibitory neurons were transiently disturbed in the mPFC during MS. A similar tendency was found in the sensory cortex; however, decreased parvalbumin (PV) expression persisted until PD 35 only in the mPFC. Moreover, the number of PV+ interneurons decreased in the ventromedial prefrontal cortex (vmPFC) on PD 35 in the MS group. Additionally, perineural net formation surrounding PV+ interneurons, which is an indicator of maturity and critical period closure, was unchanged, indicating that the decreased PV+ interneurons were not simply attributable to developmental delay. This reduction of PV+ interneurons improved to the level observed in the MRC group by the enriched environment from PD 21 after the MS period. These results suggest that an early adverse environment disturbs the development of the mPFC but that these abnormalities allow room for recovery depending on the subsequent environment. Considering that PV+ interneurons in the mPFC play an important role in social skills such as empathy, an early rearing environment is likely a very important factor in the subsequent acquisition of social skills.doctoral thesi
A Study on Children’s Self-Evaluation in Elementary School Moral Lessons
Get PDF本研究の目的は，小学校道徳科において，評価を子供自身の行為として位置付けた授業を実現するための手がかりを得ることである。授業の終末段階における振り返りの活動に焦点を当て，1単位時間の授業を構想・実施し，自己評価と授業の在り方について検討した。研究1では振り返りについての対話を，研究2では付箋を用いた振り返りの交流を取り入れた。その結果，付箋を用いた振り返りの交流の有効性が示唆された。departmental bulletin pape
Curriculum and Educational Practices for Children with Intellectual Disabilities in the Special Class at Hanazono Elementary School
Get PDF我が国における戦後知的障害教育の黎明期である1953（昭和28）年に、高松市立花園小学校に実験学級が設置された。井村信行は自ら手を挙げ、実験学級の担任となった。そこで井村らは水増し教育ではない生活中心のカリキュラムを作り上げた。これらの蓄積が香川県における知的障害教育の基礎となり、その後の香川県立養護学校につながっていくものとなった。本稿では、井村らの実践記録や研究報告書である「実験学級報告」「指導日誌」などをもとに、当時の特殊学級の実態を明らかにした。departmental bulletin pape
Exploring the Promise of a Number Concept Assessment to Identify Students with Number Processing Difficulties : Focus on the Line Bisection Task, Landmark Task, the Number Line Task, and the Line Drawing Task
Get PDF本研究では，知的障害のある子どもを対象とした数・量概念の獲得状況を評価する検査バッテリーを開発することを目的として，検査に関与する認知機能に関する基礎的検討を行った。知的障害のなかには，一般的知能の水準や神経生物学的特徴など多様な要因により，シンボル数に依拠した数量判断に困難のある児童生徒が存在していることから，シンボル数だけではなく，シンボル数に依存しない数・量概念の評価を含むアセスメントが必要である。そこで，シンボル数に依存しない検査として線等分課題とLandmark課題を，シンボル数に依存する検査として数直線課題と線描画課題を取りあげた。成人を対象として各検査を実施し，検査成績の関連性について分析するとともに，検査中の眼球運動を測定することで課題遂行時に活用される方略について検証した。それぞれの検査について遂行成績の特徴と活用された方略の2つ視点から検証することで，検査の妥当性について考察した。departmental bulletin pape
