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Les natures politiques du projet urbain: Ethnographie d'une agence d'architecture et d'urbanisme à l'épreuve de son écologisation
No full textDans un contexte de prise de conscience des dérèglements écologiques et climatiques, il est impératif de réinventer la manière dont sont conçues les villes pour assurer aux sociétés une terre habitable au futur. L’urbanisme apparaît comme l’une des causes majeures de ces crises et donc comme l’un des principaux leviers pour en contrer les conséquences. Si le processus d’écologisation est bien documenté dans le champ de l’action publique ou des théories de l’urbanisme, il génère cependant en pratique des conflits en raison des multiples intérêts contradictoires auxquels il se trouve associé. Cette thèse étudie ce que l’écologisation fait aux pratiques quotidiennes du projet urbain à partir d’une enquête ethnographique au cours d’une immersion de quatre années au sein d’une agence d’architecture et d’urbanisme. Trois processus de projet urbain qui suscitent des conflits au nom d’une protection de la nature sont analysés afin de décrire les trajectoires politiques d’entités ou de phénomènes naturels en ville. Appréhendées au travers des frictions qu’elles génèrent et traquées depuis une démarche de participation-observante, ce travail propose de saisir (1) ce que font ces natures urbaines et ce qu’on leur fait dire, (2) ce qu’elles font faire en retour, notamment aux concepteur·rices et in fine (3) au sein de quels autres intérêts elles se retrouvent confrontées.L’enrôlement d’une multitude d’acteurs autour de communautés au-delà de l’humain fait apparaître la nature comme une catégorie politique qui mêle des pratiques concurrentes, des morales plurielles, des conceptions multiples du juste et des normes. L’injonction de « faire avec les dynamiques du vivant » rejoue des rapports de force entre les différents acteurs de la fabrique urbaine, recompose les régimes d’attention et les outils des architectes urbanistes, tout en perturbant le paradigme techniciste de domination sur le non-humain qui caractérise la discipline. Si l’urbanisme écologisé est devenu un argument de la fabrique urbaine néolibérale, il subsiste dans la question écologique un potentiel subversif qui permet, à différentes échelles, de réinvestir la nature politique de l’activité de projet.In light of the growing recognition of ecological and climatic disturbances, it is imperative to rethink the way cities are designed to ensure a sustainable future for societies. Urban design appears to be one of the main causes of these crises and therefore one of the main levers for countering their consequences. The process of ecologisation is well documented in public policy and urban planning theory. In practice, however, it generates conflicts because of the many competing interests with which it is associated.This thesis examines the impact of ecologisation on urban design practices, based on a four-year ethnographic study immersed in an architecture and urban design practice. This study analyses three urban project processes that generate conflicts in the name of protecting nature. The aim is to describe the political trajectories of natural entities or phenomena in the city. By examining the tensions they engender and following them through a participatory-observational lens, this study seeks to comprehend (1) the roles these urban natures play and the ways in which we construct their meanings, (2) the actions architects undertake in response to these forces, and ultimately (3) the other interests they are confronted with.The enrolment of a diverse range of actors in relation to nature make it appear as a political category characterised by competing practices, plural morals and multiple conceptions of justice and norms. The injunction to 'work with the dynamics of the living' re-enacts the power relations between the various actors in the urban fabric, recomposing the attention and the tools of the architect urbanist, while disrupting the technicist paradigm of domination over the non-human that characterises the discipline. While ecologized urbanism may appear to be an argument for the neoliberal urban fabric, the ecological question still has a subversive potential that provides a means, at different scales, of reinvesting the political nature of design.Doctorat en Art de bâtir et urbanisme (Architecture)info:eu-repo/semantics/nonPublishe
Demobilization, lack of recognition, resocialization: the return to civilian life of Ukrainian combatants in the context of “no war no peace” situation (2014-2022)
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Arbes, anarchism, Athenaeum: The discourse on science as an exercise in frustration
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Recherche Littéraire / Literary Research -- 40
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The effect of age on ankle joint position sense differs between contralateral matching and ipsilateral reproduction tasks
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Towards a classification of simple partial comodules of Hopf algebras
No full textMaking the first steps towards a classification of simple partial comodules, we give a general construction for partial comodules of a Hopf algebra H using central idempotents in right coideal subalgebras and show that any 1-dimensional partial comodule is of that form. We conjecture that in fact all finite-dimensional simple partial H-comodules arise this way. For H=kG for some finite group G, we give conditions for the constructed partial comodule to be simple, and we determine when two of them are isomorphic. If H=kG⁎, then our construction recovers the work of M. Dokuchaev and N. Zhukavets [12]. We also study the partial modules and comodules of the non-commutative non-cocommutative Kac-Paljutkin algebra A.SCOPUS: ar.jinfo:eu-repo/semantics/inPres
Inégalités d’usage du numérique et de l’intelligence artificielle à l’université
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A genetic basis of mitochondrial DNAJA3 in nonalcoholic steatohepatitis-related hepatocellular carcinoma
No full textBACKGROUND AND AIMS: NAFLD is the most common form of liver disease worldwide, but only a subset of individuals with NAFLD may progress to NASH. While NASH is an important etiology of HCC, the underlying mechanisms responsible for the conversion of NAFLD to NASH and then to HCC are poorly understood. We aimed to identify genetic risk genes that drive NASH and NASH-related HCC. APPROACH AND RESULTS: We searched genetic alleles among the 24 most significant alleles associated with body fat distribution from a genome-wide association study of 344,369 individuals and validated the top allele in 3 independent cohorts of American and European patients (N=1380) with NAFLD/NASH/HCC. We identified an rs3747579-TT variant significantly associated with NASH-related HCC and demonstrated that rs3747579 is expression quantitative trait loci of a mitochondrial DnaJ Heat Shock Protein Family (Hsp40) Member A3 ( DNAJA3 ). We also found that rs3747579-TT and a previously identified PNPLA3 as a functional variant of NAFLD to have significant additional interactions with NASH/HCC risk. Patients with HCC with rs3747579-TT had a reduced expression of DNAJA3 and had an unfavorable prognosis. Furthermore, mice with hepatocyte-specific Dnaja3 depletion developed NASH-dependent HCC either spontaneously under a normal diet or enhanced by diethylnitrosamine. Dnaja3 -deficient mice developed NASH/HCC characterized by significant mitochondrial dysfunction, which was accompanied by excessive lipid accumulation and inflammatory responses. The molecular features of NASH/HCC in the Dnaja3 -deficient mice were closely associated with human NASH/HCC. CONCLUSIONS: We uncovered a genetic basis of DNAJA3 as a key player of NASH-related HCC.SCOPUS: ar.jinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishe