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KemptenCity - Semantic Segmentation of Urban Areas for Simulation
No full textAutonomous driving and traffic flow simulation requires a realistic and accurate representation of the environment. Therefore, this research focuses on the semantic segmentation of aerial images for simulation purposes. Initially, a dataset was created based on true orthophotos from 2019 and Kempten’s street cadaster, with true orthophotos being fully rectified aerial images. The chosen classes were oriented towards the subsequent conversion and usage in simulation. The proposed labeling workflow used cadaster data and demonstrated significant time efficiency compared to state-of-the-art datasets. Subsequently, a neural network was implemented that was trained and tested on the dataset. In addition, the network was also trained only on the lane markings to compare the network’s performance. Both cases demonstrated excellent segmentation results. The generalizability was then tested on true orthophotos from 2021. The results indicated a solid generalizability, but still needs to be improved. Finally, the aerial information was converted into a 3D environment, that can be used in simulations. Our results confirm the usage of aerial imagery and street cadaster data as a basis for the simulations
Quantifying the carbon footprint of energy storage applications with an energy system simulation framework — Energy System Network
No full textEnergy storage is a crucial flexibility measure to temporally decouple power generation from power demand and is touted as the missing link in realizing a decarbonized energy system based on renewable energy. Energy storage capacity buildup at all levels of the global energy system is expected to accelerate the decarbonization process. To this end, a coherent mathematical framework to ascertain the carbon footprint of localized energy systems with energy storage is indispensable. This article presents an open-source energy system simulation program — Energy System Network (ESN). A variety of energy system configurations can be simulated with the Python program, which incorporates key energy system components such as generation, grid, storage, and loads. ESN features an integrated bottom-up approach that combines energy system modeling with streamlined life cycle assessment techniques to quantify the carbon footprint of all components in a localized energy system. The lifecycle phases of each component, including production, operation, and end-of-life treatment, can be considered. Carbon footprint values are obtained for two demonstrative case studies with lithium-ion battery applications: energy arbitrage and home energy systems. The metric Levelized Emissions of Energy Supply (LEES) has been used to evaluate the carbon footprint of each application. An unconventional energy arbitrage strategy designed to exploit the grid carbon intensity spreads instead of the energy price spreads manages to achieve a LEES value about 17% lower than the conventional variant. The influence of rooftop solar generation, battery energy storage system, and the energy management strategy on the LEES values for a home energy system is explored. A maximum LEES reduction of over 37% vis-á-vis the base scenario was observed with optimal energy management for the solar generation and the battery system. The open-source availability of ESN can contribute to transparency, comparability, and reproducibility in carbon footprint assessments of localized energy systems with energy storage
Ideen und Konzepte für eine innovative Stanzbiegetechnik
No full textEr werden ausgewählte Ideen und Konzepte vorgestellt, die insbesondere einer nachhaltigen und innovativen Stanzbiegetechnik Rechnung tragen. Die Themen „Technik“, „Unternehmenskultur“ und „Mensch“ werden an ausgewählten Beispielen näher betrachtet und diskutiert
Interventions to prevent the onset of frailty in adults aged 60 and older (PRAE-Frail): a systematic review and network meta-analysis
No full textPurpose: Frailty in older adults is associated with multiple adverse health outcomes, while evidence on its successful preven-tion has been scarce. Therefore, we analyzed the effectiveness of different interventions for the prevention of frailty onset.
Methods: In this systematic review, eight databases were searched for randomized controlled trials of interventions innon-frail (i.e., robust or pre-frail) adults aged ≥ 60 years that assessed frailty incidence at follow-up. Additive componentnetwork meta-analysis (CNMA) was conducted to isolate the effect of different intervention types on the main outcome offrailty incidence, reporting relative risk (RR) with 95% confidence intervals (CI). The effect on gait speed was analyzed asan additional outcome using a classic network meta-analysis and the standardized mean difference (SMD) with 95% CI.
Results: We screened 24,263 records and identified 11 eligible trials. Nine trials (842 participants, all categorized accord-ing to the physical phenotype) in pre-frail (seven RCTs) and robust/pre-frail (two RCTs) older adults were included in theCNMA. Physical exercise significantly reduced frailty incidence at follow-up (RR 0.26, 95% CI 0.08; 0.83), while this wasnot found for nutritional interventions (RR 1.16, 95% CI 0.33; 4.10). Interventions based on physical exercise also improvedgait speed (SMD 1.55, 95% CI 1.16; 1.95). In addition, 22 eligible trial protocols without published results were identified.
Conclusion: Interventions based on physical exercise appear to be effective in preventing the onset of frailty in older adults.Although the available data are still limited, results from ongoing trials may add to the body of evidence in the foreseeable futur
Therapeutische Landschaften als gesundheitstouristische Ressource
No full textDie gesundheitsfördernde Wirkung und Gesundheitsrelevanz von Naturerlebnissen wurde bereits in zahlreichen medizinischen Studien validiert (Claßen and Bunz, 2018; Richardson et al., 2013) und ergibt sich somit aus dem Zusammenwirken von Landschaftsmerkmalen, Landschaftserlebnissen und bestimmten Angebotsformen. Hierbei kann zwischen physischer Wirkung durch z.B. körperliche Aktivität in der Natur und psychischer Wirkung durch z.B. multisensorische Erlebnisse wie Klänge, Geräusche oder olfaktorische Reize aber auch Naturerlebnisse wie Einsamkeit, Entschleunigung und Rückzug in der Natur, Kontakt mit der Natur oder Ausblicke auf ästhetische Landschaften unterscheiden werden. Schließlich kann sich die gesundheitsfördernde Wirkung von therapeutischen Landschaften auch aus sozialen Aspekten ableiten, wie z.B. kollektive Naturerfahrungen in der Suchtprävention, Managementseminaren etc. (Rathmann, 2020). Somit gewinnt Landschaft den Status einer möglichen Gesundheitsressource, deren Potenzial und Zusammenhänge zu touristischen Reiseentscheidungen in dieser Studie genauer adressiert werden sollen
Psychological and physiological effects of visual stimulation with artificial natural structures and indoor plants: A randomized controlled trial
No full textBackground: The link between natural environments and positive effects on humans is well established. Spending time in nature or naturally designed spaces is associated with positive physiological and psychological effects. We wanted to investigate whether positive effects could also be observed with structures that were created completely digitally. (2) Methods: For this purpose, we conducted a three-arm randomized controlled trial to test the following main hypothesis: Viewing artificial natural structures has positive effects on participants, comparable to the effects of an indoor plant. We expected the artificial natural structures to lower stress, blood pressure, and pulse, and to improve emotional aspects such as well-being and relaxation. For this purpose, we carried out two interventions and a control situation. Mixed ANOVAS were conducted to test the hypotheses. (3) Results: We found a significant interaction effect for the variable stress. The stress level, assessed on a four-point scale, decreased the most in the group with the artificial natural structures, from 2.10 to 1.63 between pre- and post-intervention. Furthermore, the participants rated the artificial natural structures as significantly more aesthetic than the indoor plant. (4) Conclusion: The study provides indications of a positive effect of the artificial natural structures
Generative mechanisms of AI implementation: A critical realist perspective on predictive maintenance
No full textArtificial intelligence (AI) promises various new opportunities to create and appropriate business value. However, many organizations – especially those in more traditional industries – struggle to seize these opportunities. To unpack the underlying reasons, we investigate how more traditional industries implement predictive maintenance, a promising application of AI in manufacturing organizations. For our analysis, we employ a multiple-case design and adopt a critical realist perspective to identify generative mechanisms of AI implementation. Overall, we find five interdependent mechanisms: experimentation; knowledge building and integration; data; anxiety; and inspiration. Using causal loop diagramming, we flesh out the socio-technical dynamics of these mechanisms and explore the organizational requirements of implementing AI. The resulting topology of generative mechanisms contributes to the research on AI management by offering rich insights into the cause-effect relationships that shape the implementation process. Moreover, it demonstrates how causal loop diagraming can improve the modeling and analysis of generative mechanisms
Interdisziplinär, produktorientiert und datengetrieben: Wie die praktische Umsetzung der Kreislaufwirtschaft gelingen kann.
No full textDie Veröffentlichung thematisiert die Bedeutung und die praktische Anwendung der Kreislaufwirtschaft in der insbesondere mittelständisch geprägten, produzierenden Industrie. Sie hebt die ökologischen und ökonomischen Vorteile hervor, wie die Reduzierung von Abhängigkeiten und die Erschließung neuer Geschäftsmodelle. Die Hochschule Kempten bietet dabei umfassende Unterstützung durch bilaterale Kooperationen und öffentlich geförderte Projekte, um Unternehmen bei der Umsetzung von Kreislaufwirtschaftssystemen zu begleiten
Matrixproduktion als effiziente Lösung für Variantenvielfalt: So gelingt die Implementierung flexiblerer Fertigungsformen im produzierenden Mittelstand
No full textDie Matrixproduktion bietet zahlreiche Vorteile für die Produktion eines variantenreichen Produktspektrums. Trotz umfassender wissenschaftlicher Forschung zu intralogistischen und produktionstechnischen Prozessen ist ihre praktische Implementierung jedoch bisher begrenzt. Ursächlich hierfür sind insbesondere der hohe Aufwand zur Überprüfung der Tauglichkeit sowie fehlende Schulungskonzepte für das Planungspersonal. An der Hochschule Kempten wurden innovative Lösungen entwickelt, um diese Herausforderungen zu überwinden
