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Comparative Evaluation of Personal Mobility Vehicle Interfaces: Addressing Usability Gaps for Elderly Users Through Human-Machine Interface Design Principles
No full textThe rapid growth of the global elderly population presents significant challenges for ensuring safe and inclusive mobility. Personal Mobility Vehicles offer critical support for independent travel but often lack interfaces adapted to age-related declines in vision, motor control, and cognition. This study evaluates ten PMV models, selected based on regulatory compliance in Germany and Japan, using a structured scoring framework grounded in human-machine interface design principles for older adults. The results reveal significant usability deficits, particularly in lever ergonomics, display readability, and control intuitiveness, that can increase cognitive load and contribute to operational errors. These human errors, in turn, pose serious safety risks in public and transit environments. The findings underscore the need for standardized, user-centered interface design to reduce the likelihood of human error and enhance overall operational safety. By addressing these deficiencies, PMVs can better support aging users and contribute to the broader goal of achieving zero traffic accidents
Analyses of carbon footprint in the import process for wine
No full textPurpose: This study investigates whether wines imported from the New World generate higher carbon emissions per 0.75L bottle during distribution to Germany than Old World wines and identifies key factors influencing the carbon footprint (CF) in the distribution process.
Methodology: The research analyses a large dataset (over 220,000 records) from a primary European logistics provider, applying the EN 16258 standard and EcoTransIT World (ETW) tool to calculate CO2 equivalents for various distribution channels, shipment sizes, and modes of transport. Simulations for New World shipments complement empirical data.
Results: Distribution channel, shipment size, and logistics handling significantly influence CF per bottle. Large, direct shipments to retailers have lower CF than small, multi-stop shipments. Contrary to common assumptions, New World wines do not always have a higher CF than Old World wines; logistics networks and shipment handling are critical determinants.
Theoretical Contribution: This paper extends the literature by empirically quantifying the impact of logistics variables on wine CF, challenging the generalisation that New World imports are inherently less sustainable.
Practical Implications: Findings inform wine importers, retailers, and policymakers on optimising logistics for lower emissions and provide a nuanced basis for consumer sustainability choices
Design of a High Power Interleaved Bidirectional DC-DC Converter Based on SiC MOSFETs
No full textThis paper presents a novel Interleaved Bidirectional DC-DC Converter (IBDC) designed to improve the efficiency of testing electric vehicle (EV) batteries. The proposed system facilitates energy exchange between batteries during the charging and discharging phases, crucial for battery testing and evaluation.
The converter leverages Silicon Carbide (SiC) MOSFETs to achieve high efficiency and fast switching transitions. At the same time, the interleaving technique is employed to increase power handling capacity and reduce current ripple, enhancing overall system performance. A 70-kW prototype of the converter was designed, simulated, and implemented to validate the proposed architecture. In addition, a robust control strategy was developed to ensure stable bidirectional power flow
Designing User-Centered Interfaces for Autonomous Personal Mobility Scooters: An Evaluation of Safety and User Experience Factors
No full textThe rapid growth of aging populations globally presents significant mobility challenges, particularly for elderly individuals with physical and cognitive impairments. Autonomous Personal Mobility Vehicles (APMVs) offer a potential solution to enhance mobility and independence, but their safety and efficiency depend mainly on the usability of their Human-Machine Interfaces (HMIs). This study evaluates existing HMI designs for APMVs, identifying usability gaps and proposing improvements to enhance accessibility for elderly users. Through literature research, comparative analysis, usability testing, throttle ergonomics evaluation, and a structured questionnaire, this research highlights key interface elements such as intuitive controls, visual clarity, and adaptability to regional requirements in Germany and Japan. Utility Value Analysis ranks the most suitable PMV models, emphasizing the need for standardized usability guidelines. An Operational Design Domain (ODD) has also been developed to support safe and efficient APMV deployment. The findings advance user-centered interface design, promoting safer and more inclusive mobility solutions for aging societies
S3-Leitlinie Klinische Ernährung und Hydrierung im Alter
No full textZiel der vorliegenden Leitlinie sind evidenzbasierte Empfehlungen, um Mangelernährung, hypertone Dehydratation und Sarkopenie bei älteren Menschen soweit wie möglich zu vermeiden bzw. zu behandeln. Zudem werden evidenzbasierte Empfehlungen zur Gewichtsreduktion bei Übergewicht und Adipositas im Alter gegeben. Die vorliegende Leitlinie stellt ein Update der DGEM-Leitlinie „Klinische Ernährung in der Geriatrie" dar. Die Empfehlungen zielen bewusst auf eine wünschenswerte Idealsituation, wohlwissend, dass die Umsetzung im Alltag sowohl im stationären als auch im ambulanten Bereich durch Limitationen personeller, fachlicher, räumlicher und wirtschaftlicher Art nicht uneingeschränkt möglich bzw. organisatorisch aufwändig ist
Quantitative Trend Analysis of Reinforcement Learning Algorithms in Production Systems
No full textReinforcement Learning (RL) has emerged as a pivotal technology in enhancing production systems, offering solutions for optimizing complex, dynamic processes. This study presents a quantitative trend analysis of RL algorithms in production systems, addressing a significant gap in the literature. We propose a methodology for conducting quantitative literature reviews and apply it to assess the current state-of-the-art and temporal development of RL applications in this domain over the past decade. Our findings reveal a marked increase in research activity since 2017, with significant contributions in robotics, scheduling, and energy management. Model-free RL algorithms, particularly Q-learning, DDPG, and DQN, are the most frequently utilized, reflecting their broad applicability and effectiveness. To ensure the robustness of our methodology, future work will compare our quantitative results with existing qualitative studies. Additionally, we plan to replicate this analysis periodically to monitor the evolution of RL in production systems and explore the applicability of our methodology in other fields
FEM Temperature Simulation of a PMSM with a Temperature Dependent Lookup Based MTPA Control Approach
No full textIn electric vehicles, a permanent magnetic synchronous motor is mostly used. For optimal control the temperature of the permanent magnets is estimated with a temperature observer model. However, due to inaccurate models, there will be a deviation between actual temperature and estimated temperature. A sensor placed in the rotor gives a precise temperature value, which maximizes power utilization by minimizing thermal reserves. In this paper, an electrical simulation with a temperature correction scheme is set up, which in combination with a FEM simulation estimates the hottest spot in the rotor. The simulations generate information for ideal mounting positions for a temperature sensor and the electromagnetic and thermal boundary conditions that occur at these spots
Simulation of Radar Baseband Signals From a System-Theoretical Perspective
No full textThe simulation of radar baseband signals is crucial for the development of new radar applications, especially when radar sensors are supposed to measure time-varying scenarios. This paper proposes to investigate the measurement problem from a system-theoretical perspective by regarding radar channels as linear time-variant systems such that the presented approach becomes independent from specific radar modulation schemes. In order to demonstrate that the provided methods are generally applicable, we show how it is applied using conventional modulation techniques based on Linear Frequency Modulated and Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing signals. By using the proposed method to simulate a simple radar channel with one moving point target, we demonstrate that the presented results are easily applicable and that they can be extended even without having a deep system-theoretical background
„Ich kann alles Mögliche, aber ins Internet kann ich nicht − Doch in Google komme ich rein“
No full textZwei der zentralen gesellschaftlichen Herausforderungen sind eine älter werdende Bevölkerung sowie die zunehmende Digitalisierung des Alltags. Hochwertige Daten zum bevölkerungsspezifischen digitalen Engagement und valide quantitative Fragebögen, die diese Daten erzeugen können, sind daher von großer Bedeutung, um damit einhergehende Herausforderungen zu erkennen und diese adressieren zu können. Längsschnittstudien zur
Internet- und Techniknutzung stehen jedoch vor dem Problem, die Fragebogenstabilität über die Zeit zu gewährleisten und gleichzeitig die Aktualität sich schnell wandelnder Technologien in ihren Erhebungsinstrumenten abzubilden.
Vor diesem Hintergrund wurde die deutsche Version des IT-Moduls des Survey of Health, Ageing and Retirement in Europe (SHARE) von Umfragespezialist:innen geprüft und weiterentwickelt. Dafür wurden Qualitative Pretest Interviews (QPI) mit 24 Menschen, die über 50 Jahre alt sind, durchgeführt. In der ersten Rekrutierungsphase (17 Interviews) war es eine Herausforderung, Personen zu gewinnen, die das Internet nicht nutzen (‚Offliner:innen‘). Für eine zweite Befragungsrunde wurden daher gezielt 7 Offliner:innen rekrutiert und mittels QPI interviewt. Es zeigt sich, dass den meisten Personen, welche sich selbst als Offliner:innen einschätzten, ihre eigene Internetnutzung teilweise oder sogar gänzlich unbewusst ist – insbesondere, wenn die Nutzung über das Smartphone stattfindet.
Die Folgen für quantitative Befragungen und mögliche Lösungsansätze werden diskutiert.Two of the key challenges facing society are an ageing population and the increasing digitalisation of everyday life. High quality data on population-specific digital engagement and valid quantitative questionnaires that generate data are therefore of great importance to identify and address these challenges. Longitudinal studies on Internet and technology use, however, face the problem of ensuring questionnaire stability over time and at the same time reflecting the topicality of rapidly changing technologies in their survey instruments. Against this background, the German version of the IT module of the Survey of Health, Ageing and Retirement in Europe (SHARE) was tested and further developed by survey specialists. Qualitative pretest interviews (QPI) were conducted with 24 people aged 50 and over. In the first recruitment phase (17 interviews), it was a challenge to recruit people who do not use the internet (‘offliners’). For a second round of interviews, 7 internet non-users were specifically recruited and interviewed using the QPI method. It turns out that most people who consider themselves ‘offline’ are partially or even completely unaware of their own internet use − especially if they use it on their smartphone. The consequences for quantitative surveys and possible solutions are discussed
Exploring the Influence of Driving Context on Lateral Driving Style Preferences: A Simulator-Based Study
No full textTechnological advancements focus on developing comfortable and acceptable driving characteristics in autonomous vehicles. Present driving functions predominantly possess predefined parameters, and there is no universally accepted driving style for autonomous vehicles. While driving may be technically safe and the likelihood of road accidents is reduced, passengers may still feel insecure due to a mismatch in driving styles between the human and the autonomous system. Incorporating driving style preferences into automated vehicles enhances acceptance, reduces uncertainty, and poses the opportunity to expedite their adoption. Despite the increased research focus on driving styles, there remains a need for comprehensive studies investigating how variations in the driving context impact the assessment of automated driving functions. Therefore, this work evaluates lateral driving style preferences for autonomous vehicles on rural roads, considering different weather and traffic situations. A controlled study was conducted with a variety of German participants utilizing a high-fidelity driving simulator. The participants experienced four different driving styles, including mimicking of their own driving behavior under two weather conditions. A notable preference for a more passive driving style became evident based on statistical analyses of participants’ responses during and after the drives. This study could not confirm the hypothesis that people prefer to be driven by mimicking their own driving behavior. Furthermore, the study illustrated that weather conditions and oncoming traffic substantially influence the perceived comfort during autonomous rides. The gathered dataset is openly accessible at https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/jhaselberger/idcld-subject-study-on-driving-style-preferences