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Design Framework for the Implementation of AI-based (Service) Business Models for Small and Medium-sized Manufacturing Enterprises
Get PDFIn a globalized world, small- and medium-sized manufacturing enterprises (manufacturing SME) face the challenge of keeping up with global competition. Although AI is ascribed the potential to fundamentally change entire markets, industries, and general business activities, the question remains how SME can implement AI in their operation effectively and efficiently, and therefore build up potential (service) business models. The aim of this paper is to reveal the innovation potential of these systems and to provide instructions on how they can be used by SME. Through these resources can be used more efficiently and new business models can be created. The causes for the little use of AI are numerous and solutions were sought in this work. The result is a socio-technical framework that allows manufacturing SME to build up AI-based (service) business models for themselves
Introduction of Lazy Luna an automatic software-driven multilevel comparison of ventricular function quantification in cardiovascular magnetic resonance imaging
Get PDFCardiovascular magnetic resonance imaging is the gold standard for cardiac function assessment. Quantification of clinical results (CR) requires precise segmentation. Clinicians statistically compare CRs to ensure reproducibility. Convolutional Neural Network developers compare their results via metrics. Aim: Introducing software capable of automatic multilevel comparison. A multilevel analysis covering segmentations and CRs builds on a generic software backend. Metrics and CRs are calculated with geometric accuracy. Segmentations and CRs are connected to track errors and their effects. An interactive GUI makes the software accessible to different users. The software’s multilevel comparison was tested on a use case based on cardiac function assessment. The software shows good reader agreement in CRs and segmentation metrics (Dice > 90%). Decomposing differences by cardiac position revealed excellent agreement in midventricular slices: > 90% but poorer segmentations in apical (> 71%) and basal slices (> 74%). Further decomposition by contour type locates the largest millilitre differences in the basal right cavity (> 3 ml). Visual inspection shows these differences being caused by different basal slice choices. The software illuminated reader differences on several levels. Producing spreadsheets and figures concerning metric values and CR differences was automated. A multilevel reader comparison is feasible and extendable to other cardiac structures in the future
Employer attractiveness during the early phase of recruitment
Get PDFDue to demographic change and the associated shortage of highly skilled employees, organizations have been intensifying their efforts to enhance employer attractiveness. However, it is the applicants who decide what makes an organization attractive. Students in three different fields of study – Special Education/Rehabilitation, Science Technology Engineering Mathematic (STEM), and Business Administration (N = 657) – rated job advertisements in which the instrumental and symbolic factors of organizational attractiveness were manipulated. Whereas the symbolic factor “familiarity with the firm” had an effect on employer attractiveness, the instrumental factor “employer competition label” did not. However, there were interaction effects with the fields of study, indicating that different groups of applicants value instrumental and symbolic features in different
ways. Implications for human resources marketing are discussed
Motive für Präsentismus. Entwicklung eines Messinstruments.
Get PDFPräsentismus wird häufig als das Verhalten von Beschäftigten verstanden, trotz Krankheit zu arbeiten. In einer stark steigenden Zahl empirischer Studien werden überwiegend Voraussetzungen und Konsequenzen des Verhaltens berichtet, doch finden die zugrundeliegenden Motive bislang keine systematische Beachtung. Deshalb hatte die vorliegende Studie die Ziele, einen Fragebogen zur Messung der Motive für Präsentismus zu entwickeln und zu überprüfen, ob sich die Motive für Präsentismus auf für berufliche Kontexte allgemein anerkannte Motivklassen zurückführen lassen. Der Fragebogen mit letztlich 52 Items wurde mit einer Stichprobe von 1.000 Erwerbstätigen konstruiert. Faktoranalytisch wurden sechs Motivklassen identifiziert (Cronbachs α = .82 bis .94), von denen sich fünf auf bereits für Arbeitskontexte etablierte Motivklassen, wie das Leistungs-, das Macht- und das Zugehörigkeitsmotiv, zurückführen lassen. Präsentismusneigung ließ sich durch fünf der sechs Motivklassen erklären (korr. R 2 = .13; mittlerer bis starker Effekt). Die Prüfung der diskriminanten Validität sowie die Validierung an Außenkriterien ergaben gut interpretierbare Befunde
On the Effectiveness of Impedance-Based Fingerprint Presentation Attack Detection
Get PDFWithin the last few decades, the need for subject authentication has grown steadily, and biometric recognition technology has been established as a reliable alternative to passwords and tokens, offering automatic decisions. However, as unsupervised processes, biometric systems are vulnerable to presentation attacks targeting the capture devices, where presentation attack instruments (PAI) instead of bona fide characteristics are presented. Due to the capture devices being exposed to the public, any person could potentially execute such attacks. In this work, a fingerprint capture device based on thin film transistor (TFT) technology has been modified to additionally acquire the impedances of the presented fingers. Since the conductance of human skin differs from artificial PAIs, those impedance values were used to train a presentation attack detection (PAD) algorithm. Based on a dataset comprising 42 different PAI species, the results showed remarkable performance in detecting most attack presentations with an APCER = 2.89% in a user-friendly scenario specified by a BPCER = 0.2%. However, additional experiments utilising unknown attacks revealed a weakness towards particular PAI species
Rechtliche Fallstricke des Einsatzes von Open Source Software und freier Software – Hinweise für die Praxis
Get PDFDer folgende Artikel bietet einen Überblick über die häufigsten Anwendungsprobleme beim Einsatz und der Integration von freier und Open Source Software in der Praxis. Ein Schwerpunkt liegt dabei auf den Herausforderungen für Softwarehersteller, welche freie Software in ihre Produkte integrieren und vertreiben. Hingewiesen wird auf die unterschiedlichen freien Lizenzarten, Best Practice-Lösungsmöglichkeiten und Compliancefragen sowie die Grenzen der Auslegung der Lizenzen
Offenheit in der IT: Herausforderung und Chance zu Veränderungen
Get PDFWer offene Lösungen einsetzen möchte, sieht sich einer Reihe von Fragen und Herausforderungen gegenüber. Nicht nur technische Aspekte, sondern vor allem zwischenmenschliche Faktoren und passende Regelungen sind dabei zu berücksichtigen. Das richtige „Mindset“ spielt eine zentrale Rolle. Mit ihm einher geht eine lebendige Umsetzung des Community-Gedankens. Er ermöglicht, die Idee der Offenheit über Open Source und Open Hardware hinaus auch auf Fragen des Identity Managements, der Entwicklung von Innovationen oder die Nutzung von Open Data auszudehnen. Hierzu bedarf es neben technischem Verständnis vor allem auch Akzeptanzkriterien und einem Bewusstsein für Risiken. Der Beitrag verfolgt daher das Ziel, einen Überblick über die Themen und Fragestellungen zu geben und eine Empfehlung für den Umgang mit Offenheit in der IT zu formulieren
Security Enhancement and Privacy Protection for Biometric Systems
Get PDFBiometric recognition systems are part of our daily life. They enable
a user-convenient authentication alternative to passwords or tokens
as well as high security identity assessment for law enforcement and
border control. However, with a rising usage in general, fraudulent use increases as well. One drawback of biometrics in general is the lack of renewable biometric characteristics. While it is possible to change a password or token, biometric characteristics (e. g. the fingerprint) stays the same throughout a lifespan. Hence, biometric systems are required to ensure privacy protection in order to prevent misuse of sensitive data. In this context, this Thesis evaluates cryptographic solutions that enable storage and real time comparison of biometric data in the encrypted domain. Furthermore, long-term security is achieved by post-quantum secure mechanisms.In addition to those privacy concerns, presentation attacks targeting the capture device are threatening legit operations. Since no information about inner system modules are required to use a presentation attack instrument (PAI) at the capture device, also non-experts could attack the biometric system. Thus, presentation attack detection (PAD) modules are essential to distinguish between bona fide presentations
and attack presentations. In this regard, different methods for fingerprint PAD are analysed in this Thesis, including benchmarks on
several classifiers based on handcrafted features as well as deep learning techniques. The results show that the PAD performance depends
on material properties of the used PAI species in combination with the
captured data type. However, fusing multiple approaches enhances the
detection rates for both convenient and secure application scenarios
Leather Product Design Canvas for Sustainable Development
Get PDFThe Leather Product Design Canvas makes use of a conceptual and graphical structure comprising content boxes and specific impulse questions to raise awareness and guide design processes. It aims at supporting the product development and design process of leather products to create more sustainable products. This shall be achieved by providing a quick and multi-perspective overview of relevant topics and considerations. One reason for this approach is that in many cases the designers of leather products such as shoes or bags do not necessarily need to be leather experts. Even interdisciplinary design teams might not include experts that understand both issues of sustainable development and material properties of this versatile material.
Moreover, the complexity of the material leather and its various types of application would usually require a number of different experts to cover the most relevant topics related to sustainable development in order to identify possible rebound effects and systemic interdependencies of certain design decisions. The herewith presented canvas does by no means compensate for these expertise but aims at empowering design teams to take first steps towards more sustainable leather products based on a broadened scope while identifying knowledge gaps or the need for specific experts to be consulted or included in the design team