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Discrete Mathematics - Combinatorics, Counting, Proofs, Recurrences, Solutions
No full textDiscrete Mathematics presents the material in an easily accessible manner. Beside the usual content (expanded a little bit), a special writing style is used.
We start with the natural numbers, function and relations, as well as the powerset lattice. The second chapter illustrates set theory with its laws and the Generalized Continuum Hypothesis. Chapter 3 delivers Boolean Algebra, with the double exponential formula for the # different boolean functions. The next chapter covers the induction, direct, and indirect proof. Chapter 5 presents combinatorics: Rules of sum, product, quotient, the pigeonhole principle, in/exclusion, permutation and binomial coefficient, plus Stirling numbers of 1st and 2nd kind as well as the Bell number; additionally, the recurrence relation with back- and forward reasoning is offered. We conclude with general and conditional probability, incl. the Monty Hall problem.
Discrete Mathematics presents the material in a lively fashion, including topics which are usually not presented. Providing an annex with questions and solutions it offers the chance to the readers worldwide to grasp the subject in this handy and clearly arranged treatise.
- Excellent source for teaching the basics of discrete mathematics to computer scientists.
- Includes exercises and worked out solutions
Designing an External Recruitment Strategy for Micro, Small, and Medium-Sized Craft Businesses in Germany Considering Digital Tools
Get PDFThe ongoing shortage of skilled workers poses major challenges, especially for micro, small, and medium-sized craft businesses. The building electrical, plumbing, heating, and air conditioning (HVAC) crafts are particularly affected in Germany, as they are additionally burdened by demographic change, the energy transition, and internal operational factors. The aim of this article is to develop a practical strategy for external recruitment for crafts businesses. Based on existing recommendations for action and expert interviews, a concept was developed that focuses in particular on digital channels, reverse recruiting, and personal contact points such as trade fairs. Empirical validation was carried out using 23 qualitative interviews with employers and employees in the aforementioned crafts sectors in Germany 2024 and 2025, whose expectations and experiences were incorporated into the design of the strategy. The concept is being optimized based on their opinions and experiences. The results show that a combination of clearly defined target groups, targeted communication of the employer brand, and direct contact with potential applicants offers the greatest chance of success. At the same time, it is clear that traditional and proven tools remain effective, but need to be adapted to the needs and expectations of the new target groups and to current trends. The article thus provides concrete recommendations for action to reduce the shortage of skilled workers in craft businesses
Frische vs. Hygiene: Analyse der Grenzen von Ozon-Luftbehandlung in Haushaltskühlgeräten
No full textThis study investigates the effectiveness of ozone-based air purification Systems in domestic refrigerators, focusing on their ability to preserve vegetable freshness and reduce microbial load. In realistic test scenarios with a mixed vegetable load, only continuous high-dose ozone treatments achieve measurable antimicrobial effects—but also cause noticeable sensory degradation, especially in sensitive products. Low-dose or intermittent settings preserve visual and textural quality but show no relevant microbial reduction. Ozone thus has limited value for directly extending freshness. Its more promising role lies in supporting air and Surface hygiene, complementing consumer cleaning routines.Diese Studie untersucht die Wirksamkeit ozonbasierter Luftreinigungssysteme in Haushaltskühlgeräten hinsichtlich Frischeerhalt und Keimreduktion bei Gemüse. In praxisnahen Tests mit Mischbeladung erzielen nur kontinuierliche Hochdosis-Anwendungen messbare antimikrobielle Effekte – jedoch mit deutlichen sensorischen Beeinträchtigungen, insbesondere bei empfindlichen Produkten. Niedrig dosierte oder intermittierende Einstellungen erhalten Aussehen und Textur, zeigen aber keine relevante Keimreduktion. Der direkte Nutzen zur Frischeverlängerung ist begrenzt. Vielversprechender erscheint der Einsatz zur Unterstützung der Luft- und Oberflächenhygiene im Kühlschrank als Ergänzung zur Verbraucherreinigung
Proteomic insights into novel food insects: Homology-based proteome characterization and allergenicity considerations for EU-regulated insect species
No full textInsects have emerged as a sustainable alternative protein source and recently gained regulatory approval in the European Union as novel foods and animal feed ingredients. However, the limited availability of species-specific proteomic databases presents a significant challenge for the accurate identification of proteins in insect-based food products, relevant for food authenticity, safety and allergenicity concerns. In this study, we developed a homology-based proteomic workflow to address the lack of comprehensive sequence data for edible insect species and to explore their allergenic potential. This nanoflow tandem mass spectrometry method (nano-HPLC HR-MS) aims to be generally applicable to underexplored species. We identified between 1079 and 1893 proteins for each of the six investigated insect species Acheta domesticus, Locusta migratoria, Tenebrio molitor, Alphitobius diaperinus, Gryllodes sigillatus and Hermetia illucens, increasing their numbers of known proteins up to 24-fold. Furthermore, we assessed the influence of error-tolerant peptide-spectra matching searches and database composition on protein identification and confirmed on average 90 % of selected peptides using targeted methods. We consistently detected known and putative allergens across all tested species, providing further evidence on their allergenic potential. Data from this study may provide the general basis for the development of targeted parallel reaction monitoring mass spectrometry-based assays for so far unsequenced species authentication and quantification of their proteins e.g. in novel foods. The data have been deposited to the ProteomeXchange with identifier PXD061237
KI und sexuelle Diskriminierung – Erkenntnisse und Erfahrungen aus einem Diversity-Workshop
No full textIn diesem Lehr-Impuls stellt Prof. Dr. Maximilian Wolf die Erkenntnisse und Erfahrungen aus einem Diversity-Workshop an der Hochschule Albstadt-Sigmaringen vor. In dem Workshop bot sich weiblichen Beschäftigten der Hochschule und Bachelorstudierenden die Möglichkeit, eine reale Diskriminierungssituation zu diskutieren, Lösungen zu entwickeln und die Unterstützung durch ChatGPT zu bewerten.
In dem interaktiven Vortrag können Sie sich mit den anderen Teilnehmenden austauschen und werden eingeladen, ChatGPT als Unterstützung in einer Diskriminierungssituation auszuprobieren
Ality? Personality without a Person: Revisiting the Psycho-Lexical Approach for the Study of Personality in Large Language Models
No full textPersonality influences a wide range of human behaviour. Considering personality as stable, underlying dimensions that influence behaviour, a similar construct can be assumed in large language models (LLMs). This paper proposes repeating the psycho-lexical approach, initially used to discover human personality traits, to study personality-like structures in LLMs. This could reveal consistent factors underlying LLM behaviour and improve understanding of the dynamics between humans and LLMs, particularly in sensitive contexts, such as persuasion, trust, or deception. The paper outlines a method for the factor-analytical discovery of personality-like structures in LLMs based on rating them using trait-descriptive adjectives
“AI Implementation Journey” of SMEs in Germany — 10 Main Obstacles
Get PDFSmall and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) are significantly less likely to use artificial intelligence (AI) technologies than large companies. However, company size has little to no influence on companies’acceptance of AI technologies. There must therefore be barriers and obstacles that specifically prevent SMEs from using such tools. This study identifies and structures the “10 main obstacles”in the form of an “SME implementation journey”based on the current state of research and derives recommendations for action
Zukunftsvisionen für Studium und Lehre mit KI - Analyse der Klimaberichterstattung und Einsatz von KI-Tools zur Bewertung
No full textWie lernen wir 2030, wenn generative KI Teil des Alltags ist? Im Workshop „Analyse der Klimaberichterstattung und Einsatz von KI-Tools zur Bewertung“ haben Studierende und Beschäftigte der Hochschule Albstadt-Sigmaringen ein Zukunftsszenario erprobt: Sie analysierten Klimaberichte mithilfe von KI-Tools wie ChatGPT und Llama – kollaborativ, kritisch und reflektiert. In diversen Gruppen wurden eigene Prompts entwickelt, überarbeitet und mit professionellen Beispielen (aus Teilen der Nachhaltigkeitsberichte von e.on und RWE) verglichen. Ein Experte für Klimaberichterstattung bewertete nicht nur die Nachhaltigkeitsberichte und die KI-generierten Analysen, sondern auch die Qualität der Prompts. Der Workshop zeigte: Generative KI kann Studierende in Rollen von Analyst:innen und Kommunikator:innen versetzen. 2030 könnte genau das Alltag sein – wenn Hochschulen heute Räume schaffen, in denen KI nicht nur genutzt, sondern auch verstanden, kritisch hinterfragt und gestaltet wird
Verpackungsstrategien für die Fleischwirtschaft im Wandel - Verpackungen im Spannungsfeld von Produktschutz, Nachhaltigkeit und Regulatorik
No full textDie Fleischwirtschaft muss ihre Verpackungen nachhaltiger und recyclingfähig machen. Neue EU-Vorgaben erzwingen weniger Material, mehr Recycling und den Einsatz von Rezyklaten. Gleichzeitig müssen Verpackungen weiterhin Produktschutz und Haltbarkeit gewährleisten. Lösungen wie Monomaterial-Flowpacks oder FlatSkin helfen dabei. Für vegane Alternativen reichen oft geringere Barrieren, was einfachere und nachhaltigere Verpackungen ermöglicht
Overrun as a Performance Parameter of Food Processors: Influence of Beaten Egg White Volume on the Quality of Sponge Cake Batter
No full textDie Volumenzunahme von Eischnee durch Lufteintrag (Overrun) beeinflusst maßgeblich die physikalischen und sensorischen Eigenschaften von Biskuitteig. In dieser Studie werden Küchenmaschinen mit verschiedenen Aufschlagtechniken hinsichtlich ihres Overrun-Potenzials untersucht. Die Ergebnisse zeigen: Ein Overrun zwischen 300 und 350 % führt zu optimaler Aufgehhöhe, weicher Krume und hoher Elastizität. Gleichzeitig treten bei zu hohem Overrun vermehrt sensorische Mängel wie Rissbildung und unregelmäßige Porung auf. Der Overrun erweist sich somit als quantifizierbarer und praxisrelevanter Performance-parameter zur Bewertung von Küchenmaschinen und zur Optimierung der Biskuitqualität im Haushalt.The volume increase of egg whites through air incorporation (overrun) significantly influences the physical and sensory properties of sponge cake batter. This study investigates the overrun potential of food processors with different whipping techniques. Results show that an overrun between 300 and 350 % leads to optimal cake height, soft crumb texture, and high elasticity. However, excessive overrun results in sensory defects such as crust cracking and irregular crumb structure. Overrun thus proves to be a quantifiable and practice-relevant performance parameter for evaluating kitchen appliances and optimizing sponge cake quality in home baking