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Systematic review on community-based interventions targeting prevention of overweight and obesity in children and adolescents
Get PDFBackground
With increasing obesity rates, community-based interventions (CBIs) have gained attention as more evidence suggests that the environment has a significant impact on individuals’ behaviors. We aimed to conduct a systematic review of CBIs for preventing overweight/obesity in children and adolescents.
Subject and methods
We searched PubMed (January 2011–December 2024) for studies evaluating CBIs for the prevention of overweight and obesity. We included controlled interventional studies that reported weight-related outcomes. The assessment of risks of bias of the included studies was performed using the Cochrane Collaboration tool. Results are reported in systematic evidence tables, including information on main study characteristics and effect sizes.
Results
A total of 2,724 articles were retrieved, of which 37 publications representing 28 projects from seven world regions were included for review. Most of the interventions targeted children. Reported intervention effects ranged from none to small effects. A beneficial intervention effect was observed in 11 out of 16 studies that calculated the intervention effect for BMI z-score and in seven out of nine studies for the prevalence of overweight/obesity. Effect sizes ranged from −0.26 to −0.03 for the BMI z-score and up to an adjusted odds ratio of 0.65 in the intervention group compared to the control group, with respect to the prevalence of overweight/obesity. The risk of bias of the studies was moderate to high.
Conclusion
Overall, our study found inconclusive evidence on the benefits of CBIs. While creating health-promoting environments can influence population-wide nutrition and physical activity behaviors by making healthy choices more accessible, methodological challenges exist to accurately capture the true effects of CBIs
Towards a Proof-of-Principle of an LLM-powered Low Resource Social Engineering Attack Coach
Get PDFThis article investigates the potential misuse of large language models (LLM) for low-resource, highly personalised social engineering attacks. The study explores how ChatGPT can infer personality traits during natural conversations by leveraging publicly available personal information, such as social media data, as an entry point. Utilising the social engineering personality framework (SEPF), the research endeavours to optimise attack vectors based on the Big Five personality traits, with the objective of enhancing the persuasiveness of social engineering strategies. The approach is divided into four phases: verifying conversational capabilities, conducting personality analyses, applying the SEPF for attack optimisation, and evaluating the persuasiveness of personalised attacks. The present paper offers a proof-of-principle for the initial phase, demonstrating ChatGPT’s capacity to engage in natural conversations while conducting personality analyses in a discreet manner. The findings indicate that while ChatGPT exhibits the capacity to simulate human-like interactions, limitations in conversational variance and the reliability of personality assessment were observed. The study identifies challenges such as generalisations, lack of score differentiation, and confirmation bias, and proposes refinements like increasing interaction depth, adjusting scoring scales, and using tailored personas. Subsequent research will investigate enhanced personality inference techniques, personalisation of attack vectors, and their impact on susceptibility to social engineering attacks
Metallisierte, recycelbare Multilayer-Folien mit kreislauffähiger proteinbasierter Hochleistungs-Barriere
No full textThema: Demonstrationsverfahren zur Herstellung und enzymatischem Recycling von umweltfreundlichen, hochwertigen Verpackungen auf PHA-Basis (Polyhydroxyalkanoate)
Ziel: Entwicklung nachhaltiger, biobasierter Verpackungslösungen mit:
- hoher Funktionalität,
- maßgeschneidertem End-of-Life-Konzept (z. B. biologischer Abbau, Upcycling),
- Integration von Plasmatechnologie in die Wertschöpfungskette
Wichtige KI-Trends 2025 – Erkenntnisse einer Forschungsreise in die USA
No full textProf. Dr. Maximilian Wolf (Hochschule Albstadt-Sigmaringen) berichtete von seiner Forschungsreise in die USA, wo er mit Vertreter:innen von OpenAI, Google und Meta über aktuelle Entwicklungen und strategische Trends sprach. Im Zentrum standen dabei vor allem sogenannte KI-Agenten und die Notwendigkeit einer umfassenden Vorbereitung von Individuen und Organisationen auf den tiefgreifenden Wandel durch KI – Stichwort: KI-Literacy. Sein Fazit: „Was immer Sie sich heute vorstellen können – KI wird es möglich machen. Und das schneller, als wir denken!
Consumer responses to human-AI collaboration at organizational frontlines: strategies to escape algorithm aversion in content creation
No full textAlthough Artificial Intelligence can offer significant business benefits, many consumers have negative perceptions of AI, leading to negative reactions when companies act ethically and disclose its use. Based on the pervasive example of content creation (e.g., via tools like ChatGPT), this research examines the potential for human-AI collaboration to preserve consumers' message credibility judgments and attitudes towards the company. The study compares two distinct forms of human-AI collaboration, namely AI-supported human authorship and human-controlled AI authorship, with traditional human authorship or full automation. Building on the compensatory control theory and the algorithm aversion concept, the study evaluates whether disclosing a high human input share (without explicit control) or human control over AI (with lower human input share) can mitigate negative consumer reactions. Moreover, this paper investigates the moderating role of consumers’ perceived morality of companies’ AI use. Results from two experiments in different contexts reveal that human-AI collaboration can alleviate negative consumer responses, but only when the collaboration indicates human control over AI. Furthermore, the effects of content authorship depend on consumers' moral acceptance of a company's AI use. AI authorship forms without human control lead to more negative consumer responses in case of low perceived morality (and no effects in case of high morality), whereas messages from AI with human control were not perceived differently to human authorship, irrespective of the morality level. These findings provide guidance for managers on how to effectively integrate human-AI collaboration into consumer-facing applications and advises to take consumers' ethical concerns into account
Food wastage along the global food supply chain and the impact of food packaging
Get PDFInadequate food handling throughout the food supply chain can result in food loss and waste, leading to significant environmental, economic and social impacts. Identifying the causes of food loss and waste across the food supply chain, including the role of packaging, is critical for developing reduction and prevention strategies. This review examines 54 scientific studies to identify packaging-related causes of food loss and waste, evaluate whether and how packaging contributes to or mitigates these issues, and propose measures to address them. The findings highlight the need for standardized terminology and methodologies to improve comparability among studies. Key packaging-related issues identified include difficulty emptying, damage and oversized packaging, which could be addressed through improved packaging design and machinery, customized packaging sizes, and consumer education. The packaging design must be adapted to address these key issues and simultaneously consider geographical areas, specific food products and types of packaging. Further research is needed to explore these connections more comprehensively and improve data comparability across methodologies and nomenclature
From chitin to chitosan: utilizing Tenebrio molitor across their developmental stages for packaging application
No full textThis study examined chitin and chitosan extracted from Tenebrio molitor (TM) at different life stages (larvae, adults, exuviae) for packaging applications. Exuviae provided the highest chitin and chitosan yields, while larvae-derived chitosan showed a slightly higher degree of deacetylation (DDA). These findings highlight the potential of using insect-derived chitosan — especially from exuviae — in sustainable packaging solutions
Klimawende in der Pharmaindustrie - Innovativer Einsatz nachhaltiger Kältemittel
No full textIn Zeiten der Klimawende sind nachhaltige Technologien zur Erzeugung von Kälte essenziell zur Erreichung der gesteckten Klimaschutzziele. Sowohl in Bezug auf Treibhausgase und einen effizienten Energiebedarf steht die Industrie vor einem Wandel, um alte, etablierte Technologien abzulösen. Im Rahmen dieses Fachbeitrags werden verschiedene Kältetechnologien für Gefriertrocknungsanlagen im pharmazeutischen Umfeld gegenübergestellt. Betrachtet werden die Energieeffizienz, potenzielle Umweltbelastungen durch Kältemittel sowie Investitions- und Betriebskosten anhand zweier Fallstudien mit Feldwerten aus produktiven Anlagen mit unterschiedlichen Kältetechnologien
Gelatin-zein blend biocomposites films: Performance optimization through fabrication strategies for sustainable food packaging
Get PDFThe replacement of petroleum-derived plastics with biodegradable alternatives has spurred research into protein-based packaging, with (gelatin) gelatin-zein blends emerging as promising candidates due to their complementary properties. This review focuses on fabrication strategies for gelatin-zein blend films, including solution casting, electrospinning, multilayer architectures, and zein nanoparticle integration, analyzing how these methods optimize key properties and their applications in food preservation. Key findings reveal that solution casting enables tunable mechanical and barrier performance through optimized blending ratios, with higher gelatin content enhancing tensile strength and zein improving water resistance. Electrospinning produces nanofibrous structures ideal for rapid bioactive release, while multilayer designs balance hydrophilicity and hydrophobicity via stratified arrangements. Incorporating zein nanoparticles reinforces gelatin matrices, enabling controlled antimicrobial delivery. Crosslinking (e.g., enzymatic or Maillard reactions) further enhances stability by reducing solubility and improving durability. These blends exhibit synergistic functionality: gelatin provides flexibility and oxygen barrier, while zein imparts hydrophobicity. Application studies demonstrate extended shelf life for fruit and chilled meat through reduced weight loss and microbial growth. Gelatin-zein blend films bridge sustainability and functionality, offering tailored solutions for active and intelligent packaging. Addressing current challenges through targeted research will accelerate their industrial adoption as eco-friendly alternatives