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Potentiale einer Zuckerreduktion in Standardrezepturen von Backwaren in privaten Haushalten
No full textDie nationale Reduktions- und Innovationsstrategie hat im Bereich der Zuckerreduktion v. a. Fertigprodukte im Fokus. Im Bereich feiner Backwaren ist auch die Herstellung zu Hause ein relevanter Ansatzpunkt, um über Rezepturanpassungen einen Beitrag zur Zuckerreduktion zu leisten. Anhand typischer Produkte wird der Einfluss einer 30%igen Zuckerreduktion auf physikalische und sensorische Leitparameter aufgezeigt. Bei keinem Produkt zeigt sich sensorisch eine Differenzierbarkeit. Eine umfassende Anpassung des Zuckergehalts bestehender Basisrezepturen ist somit umsetzbar
The Effect of Air, Ar and O2 Plasmas on the Electrical Resistivity and Hand-Feel Properties of Polyester/Cotton Blend Fabric
Get PDFThe conventional chemical-based antistatic agents possess ecological and technological drawbacks, such as altering the bulk characteristics, flammability, and toxicity, but not the cost effective process. Recently, using conductive metal fibers in the woven structure also affects the mechanical properties of the fabric. To overcome these challenges, plasma treatment needs to be quite an effective method. In this study, polyester/cotton (P/C), 65/35%, blend fabric was treated in a vacuum-plasma-chamber using air, argon and oxygen. The electro-physical property of the samples were evaluated by measuring the surface and volume resistivities (ρs, ρv) using textile electrode Tera Ohmmeter (TO-3). Textile Softness Analyzer (TSA) has also been used to investigate hand-feel properties of the fabric. After treatment, the results revealed that the surface resistivity was reduced by 35.5% in the case of O2, 27.3% for air and 18.4% for Ar, and also volume resistivity was decreased by 40.9%, 20.3% and 20% after O2, air and Ar-plasma, respectively, whereas hand-feel properties are slightly affected at a higher power level and treatment time. Out of the three gases, oxygen had less effect on hand-feel properties and highly reduced the fabric resistivity. In addition, the SEM images showed that the surface morphology of the fibers changed to being rough due to the plasma
EuGH-Urteil „baumgarten sports & more“ zur Spielervermittlung – das Ende der deutschen Teilleistung : Eine Analyse der Rechtsprechung im Bereich des Profifußballs
No full textFrom Vehicle Manufacturer to Mobility Service Provider – Business Challenges of Electromobility for OEM and Supplier
No full textDiscussions in electromobility often focus on product technologies, infrastructure systems and energy management. This unfortunately leads to the neglect of the business aspects concerning electric vehicles (EVs), which often remain a secondary issue. The development and realization of EVs requires new business models and this presupposes the implementation of new value creation networks, new production and sales systems as well as an extensive analysis of the business aspects of EVs
Elektroauto-Nachfrage auf dem Land im Moment noch überschaubar
No full textWie muss Elektromobilität auf dem Land aussehen? Das hat Vanessa Irion in ihrer Forschungsarbeit "Steigerung der Kundennachfrage nach Elektrofahrzeugen im ländlichen Individualverkehr in Deutschland" untersucht. Konkret beschäftigte sie sich mit der Frage, welche Anforderungen Personen aus dem ländlichen Raum an Elektrofahrzeuge mit batterieelektrischem Antrieb (BEVs) haben und wie eine mögliche Nutzung aussehen könnte. Um Antworten zu finden, wurde eine Befragung mit 145 Personen durchgeführt. Im Interview gehen Vanessa Irion, Professor Dr. Maximilian Wolf und Professor Wilfried Funk von der Hochschule Albstadt-Sigmaringen genauer auf die Ergebnisse der Untersuchung ein
Computational intelligence based optimization of hierarchical virtual power plants
Get PDFIn the context of renewable energy sources, virtual power plants (VPP) are regarded as a key technology for an intelligent control of the complex, decentralized, distrib� uted and heterogeneous power generation process. However, an economic and eco� logical control of a VPP turns out to be a highly critical task: due to the strongly
varying characteristics of VPPs, in terms of complexity, technology mix, environ� mental conditions and target objectives to be optimized during operation, the control of an individual VPP needs to be able to efectively take into account all of those individual constraints. Therefore, we propose in this paper an abstract control meth� odology for a VPP in combination with computational intelligence (CI) metaheuris� tics, which is designed to be fexibly applicable for diferent VPP sizes, target objec� tives and power plant types. The methodology furthermore provides the possibility to build hierarchical VPPs as they are often demanded by the system operators. To
demonstrate the efectiveness of the control methodology, three exemplary optimi� zation targets are considered and applied to diferent compositions of fat/hierarchi� cal VPPs: the minimization of operating reserve requirements, the minimization of CO2 emissions and the maximization of the power plant fexibility. Furthermore, the
methodology is combined and evaluated with three exemplary CI metaheuristics: simulated annealing (SA), particle swarm optimization (PSO) and ant colony opti� mization (ACO). To legitimize the use of such advanced CI metaheuristics for the optimization problem, gradient descent optimization (GDO) as a traditional optimi� zation technique is regarded as well. On the basis of concrete example scenarios as
well as extensive, aggregated test runs, the results show that the control methodol� ogy is capable of efciently optimizing various compositions of VPPs towards the given objectives
Efect of Acylation of Rapeseed Proteins with Lauroyl and Oleoyl Chloride on Solubility and Film‑Forming Properties
Get PDFRapeseed proteins show good film-forming properties, giving them a promising potential as bio-based ingredients for the technical industry, e. g. for films and coatings. However, their hydrophilicity often poses problems in regard to water-stability of coatings. Protein modification using fatty acids is known to reduce hydrophilicity, however, it has not been tested to improve film-forming properties of rapeseed proteins before. In the present study, a rapeseed protein concentrate (RPC) was acylated at low and high modification degree using lauroyl chloride and oleyol chloride. The protein solubility was determined and the modified RPCs were used for the preparation of cast-films to measure the changes of mechanical properties (tensile strength, elongation at break), surface energy, oxygen permeability and light transmission. The protein solubility in water was lowered from 100% for the non-modified RPC to < 15% for highly modified RPCs at pH 7. The tensile strength of films increased by factors of 3.5 and 4 for highly modified samples, respectively. Surface energy and oxygen permeability revealed an increase of hydrophobicity that correlated with the modification degree. The light transmission was reduced by modification. The results confirm the increased hydrophobicity of acylated RPCs and demonstrate the potential of modified rapeseed proteins as an ingredient for technical products, such as packaging layers, coatings and adhesives
Influence of the Brewing Temperature on the Taste of Espresso
Get PDFVery hot (>65 ◦C) beverages such as espresso have been evaluated by the International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) as probably carcinogenic to humans. For this reason, research into lowering beverage temperature without compromising its quality or taste is important.
For espresso, one obvious possibility consists in lowering the brewing temperature. In two sensory trials using the ISO 4120:2004 triangle test methodology, brewing temperatures of 80 ◦C vs. 128 ◦C and 80 ◦C vs. 93 ◦C were compared. Most tasters were unable to distinguish between 80 ◦C and 93 ◦C.
The results of these pilot experiments prove the possibility of decreasing the health hazards of very hot beverages by lower brewing temperatures
Test design for condensate analysis in refrigerator vegetable drawers
Get PDFVegetable drawers in refrigerators are frequently providing humidity control op� tions, reducing transpiration and thus weight loss in fresh produce. Condensation has to be considered as a freshness parameter in such storage zones, as it may constitute a hygienic problem and promote microbial growth and product deterio� ration. A qualitative condensate test method based on food simulants is set-up, to visualize occurring condensate and to classify condensate intensity. Test runs con� sidering different cooling technologies and test zone designs show, that basic test requirements are met
Design and evaluation of bi-functional iron chelators for protection of dopaminergic neurons from toxicants
Get PDFWhile the etiology of non-familial Parkinson’s disease (PD) remains unclear, there is evidence that increased levels of tissue iron may be a contributing factor. Moreover, exposure to some environmental toxicants is considered an additional risk factor. Therefore, brain-targeted iron chelators are of interest as antidotes for poisoning with dopaminergic toxicants, and as potential treatment of PD. We, therefore, designed a series of small molecules with high affinity for ferric iron and containing structural elements to allow their transport to the brain via the neutral amino acid transporter, LAT1 (SLC7A5). Five candidate molecules were synthesized and initially characterized for protection from ferroptosis in human neurons. The promising hydroxypyridinone SK4 was characterized further. Selective iron chelation within the physiological range of pH values and uptake by LAT1 were confirmed. Concentrations of 10–20 µM blocked neurite loss and cell demise triggered by the parkinsonian neurotoxicants, methyl-phenyl-pyridinium (MPP+) and 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA) in human dopaminergic neuronal cultures (LUHMES cells). Rescue was also observed when chelators were given after the toxicant. SK4 derivatives that either lacked LAT1 affinity or had reduced iron chelation potency showed altered activity in our assay panel, as expected. Thus, an iron chelator was developed that revealed neuroprotective properties, as assessed in several models. The data strongly support the role of iron in dopaminergic neurotoxicity and suggests further exploration of the proposed design strategy for improving brain iron chelation