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Diffusion-controlled release of the theranostic protein-photosensitizer Azulitox from composite of Fmoc-Phenylalanine Fibrils encapsulated with BSA hydrogels
No full textHydrogels offer a promising potential for the encapsulation and regulated release of drugs due to their biocompatibility and their tunable properties as materials. Only a limited number of systems and procedures enable the encapsulation of sensitive proteins. N-terminally fmoc-protected phenylalanine has been shown to self-assemble into a transparent, stable hydrogel It can be considered a supergelator due to the low amount of monomers necessary for hydrogelation (0.1% w/v), making it a good candidate for the encapsulation and stabilization of sensitive proteins. However, application options for this hydrogel are rather limited to those of many other fibril-based materials due to its intrinsic lack of mechanical strength and high susceptibility to changes in environmental conditions. Here, we demonstrate that the stability of a fibrillary system and the resulting release of the protein-photosensitizer Azulitox can be increased by combining the hydrogel with a tightly cross-linked BSA hydrogel. Azulitox is known to display cell-penetrating properties, anti-proliferative activity and has a distinctive fluorescence. Confocal microscopy and fluorescence measurements verified the maintenance of all essential functions of the encapsulated protein. In contrast, the combination of fibrillary and protein hydrogel resulted in a significant stabilization of the matrix and an adjustable release pattern for encapsulated protein
Albumin Microspheres as "Trans-Ferry-Beads" for Easy Cell Passaging in Cell Culture Technology
Get PDFProtein hydrogels represent ideal materials for advanced cell culture applications, in� cluding 3D-cultivation of even fastidious cells. Key properties of fully functional and, at the same time, economically successful cell culture materials are excellent biocompatibility and advanced fabrication processes allowing their easy production even on a large scale based on affordable com� pounds. Chemical crosslinking of bovine serum albumin (BSA) with N-(3-dimethylaminopropyl)-
N’-ethylcarbodiimide hydrochloride (EDC) in a water-in-oil emulsion with isoparaffinic oil as the continuous phase and sorbitan monooleate as surfactant generates micro-meter-scale spherical parti� cles. They allow a significant simplification of an indispensable and laborious step in traditional cell culture workflows. This cell passaging (or splitting) to fresh culture vessels/flasks conventionally requires harsh trypsinization, which can be omitted by using the “trans-ferry-beads” presented here. When added to different pre-cultivated adherent cell lines, the beads are efficiently boarded by cells as passengers and can be easily transferred afterward for the embarkment of novel flasks. After this procedure, cells are perfectly viable and show normal growth behavior. Thus, the trans-ferry� beads not only may become extremely affordable as a final product but also may generally replace trypsinization in conventional cell culture, thereby opening new routes for the establishment of optimized and resource-efficient workflows in biological and medical cell culture laboratories
Ernährungsbezogenes Verbraucherverhalten in der Corona-Pandemie
Get PDFDie Corona-Pandemie beeinflusst Alltagsroutinen. In 16 Haushalten werden Daten zum ernährungsbezogenen Verbraucherverhalten nach der Lockerung infektionsschützender Maßnahmen erhoben, von Mitte Juni bis Mitte Juli 2020. Es zeigen sich Veränderungen, wie z. B. ein gestiegenes Hygienebewusstsein und ein weniger spontanes Einkaufsverhalten
Kreislauforientierte Bioökonomie und Lebensmittelverpackungskonzepte - Eine Einführung mit aktuellem Anwendungsbeispiel anhand der Entwicklung von Kartoffelschalenabrieb-basierten Folien
No full textPrinciple of chemical grafting and effect of fatty acid grafting onto whey protein-based films
No full textVirtual and Augmented Reality in Social Skills Interventions for Individuals with Autism Spectrum Disorder : a scoping review
Get PDFIn the last decade, there has been an increase in publications on technology-based interventions for autism spectrum disorder
(ASD). Virtual reality based assessments and intervention tools are promising and have shown to be acceptable amongst
individuals with ASD. This scoping review reports on 49 studies utilizing virtual reality and augmented reality technology in
social skills interventions for individuals with ASD. The included studies mostly targeted children and adolescents, but few
targeted very young children or adults. Our findings show that the mode number of participants with ASD is low, and that
female participants are underrepresented. Our review suggests that there is need for studies that apply virtual and augmented
realty with more rigorous designs involving established and evidenced-based intervention strategies
Effect of Acylation of Rapeseed Proteins with Lauroyl and Oleoyl Chloride on Solubility and Film-Forming Properties
Get PDFRapeseed proteins show good flm-forming properties, giving them a promising potential as bio-based ingredients for the technical industry, e. g. for flms and coatings. However, their hydrophilicity often poses problems in regard to water-stability of coatings. Protein modifcation using fatty acids is known to reduce hydrophilicity, however, it has not been tested to improve flm-forming properties of rapeseed proteins before. In the present study, a rapeseed protein concentrate (RPC) was acylated at low and high modifcation degree using lauroyl chloride and oleyol chloride. The protein solubility was deter� mined and the modifed RPCs were used for the preparation of cast-flms to measure the changes of mechanical properties (tensile strength, elongation at break), surface energy, oxygen permeability and light transmission. The protein solubility in water was lowered from 100% for the non-modifed RPC to<15% for highly modifed RPCs at pH 7. The tensile strength of flms increased by factors of 3.5 and 4 for highly modifed samples, respectively. Surface energy and oxygen permeability revealed an increase of hydrophobicity that correlated with the modifcation degree. The light transmission was reduced by
modifcation. The results confrm the increased hydrophobicity of acylated RPCs and demonstrate the potential of modifed rapeseed proteins as an ingredient for technical products, such as packaging layers, coatings and adhesives
Empfehlungen zur Kühllagerung von Lebensmitteln - ein Review
Get PDFUm die sichere und nachhaltige Lagerung im privaten Haushalt umsetzen zu können, sind Verbraucher auf einheitliche Lagerempfehlungen in Kühlgeräten angewiesen. Bisherige Empfehlungen unterschiedlichster Stakeholder setzen dabei Angaben zur Lagersystematik umfassend und strukturiert um. Verallgemeinernde Aussagen zu den zu erwartenden Temperaturbereichen im Kühlgerät sowie fehlende oder abweichende Aussagen zur einzustellenden Lagertemperatur konterkarieren anderweitige Bemühungen zur Vermeidung von Lagerverlusten und der
Verbesserung der Lebensmittelsicherheit. Eine harmonisierte Empfehlung einer Lagertemperatur von 4 °C erweist sich als zwingend erforderlich, ebenso wie die weitere Förderung und Bewerbung von Mehrzonengeräten
Acute effects of the imidacloprid metabolite desnitro-imidacloprid on human nACh receptors relevant for neuronal signaling
Get PDFSeveral neonicotinoids have recently been shown to activate the nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) on human neurons. Moreover, imidacloprid (IMI) and other members of this pesticide family form a set of diverse metabolites within crops. Among these, desnitro-imidacloprid (DN-IMI) is of special toxicological interest, as there is evidence (i) for human dietary exposure to this metabolite, (ii) and that DN-IMI is a strong trigger of mammalian nicotinic responses. We set out here to quantify responses of human nAChRs to DN-IMI and an alternative metabolite, IMI-olefin. To evaluate toxicological hazards, these data were then compared to those of IMI and nicotine. Ca 2+ -imaging experiments on human neurons showed that DN-IMI exhibits an agonistic effect on nAChRs at sub-micromolar concentrations (equipotent with nicotine) while IMI-olefin activated the receptors less potently (in a similar range as IMI). Direct experimental data on the interaction with defined receptor subtypes were obtained by heterologous expression of various human nAChR subtypes in Xenopus
laevis oocytes and measurement of the transmembrane currents evoked by exposure to putative ligands. DN-IMI acted on the physiologically important human nAChR subtypes α7, α3β4, and α4β2 (high-sensitivity variant) with similar potency as nicotine. IMI and IMI-olefin were confirmed as nAChR agonists, although with 2–3 orders of magnitude lower potency. Molecular docking studies, using receptor models for the α7 and α4β2 nAChR subtypes supported an activity of DN-IMI
similar to that of nicotine. In summary, these data suggest that DN-IMI functionally affects human neurons similar to the well-established neurotoxicant nicotine by triggering α7 and several non-α7 nAChRs
Functional alterations by a subgroup of neonicotinoid pesticides in human dopaminergic neurons
Get PDFNeonicotinoid pesticides, originally developed to target the insect nervous system, have been reported to interact with human receptors and to activate rodent neurons. Therefore, we evaluated in how far these compounds may trigger signaling in human neurons, and thus, affect the human adult or developing nervous system. We used SH-SY5Y neuroblastoma cells as established model of nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) signaling. In parallel, we profiled dopaminergic neurons, generated from LUHMES neuronal precursor cells, as novel system to study nAChR activation in human post-mitotic neurons. Changes of the free intracellular Ca 2+ concentration ([Ca 2+ ] i ) were used as readout, and key findings were confirmed by patch clamp
recordings. Nicotine triggered typical neuronal signaling responses that were blocked by antagonists, such as tubocurarine and
mecamylamine. Pharmacological approaches suggested a functional expression of α7 and non-α7 nAChRs on LUHMES cells.
In this novel test system, the neonicotinoids acetamiprid, imidacloprid, clothianidin and thiacloprid, but not thiamethoxam
and dinotefuran, triggered [Ca 2+ ] i signaling at 10–100 μM. Strong synergy of the active neonicotinoids (at low micromolar concentrations) with the α7 nAChR-positive allosteric modulator PNU-120596 was observed in LUHMES and SH-SY5Y cells, and specific antagonists fully inhibited such signaling. To provide a third line of evidence for neonicotinoid signaling via nAChR, we studied cross-desensitization: pretreatment of LUHMES and SH-SY5Y cells with active neonicotinoids (at 1–10 μM) blunted the signaling response of nicotine. The pesticides (at 3–30 μM) also blunted the response to the non-α7 agonist ABT 594 in LUHMES cells. These data show that human neuronal cells are functionally affected by low micromolar concentrations of several neonicotinoids. An effect of such signals on nervous system development is a toxicological concern