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A comprehensive overview of industrial demand response status in Europe
No full textIndustrial demand response (IDR) will play a crucial role in shaping future electricity systems, as it is a key element of a just energy transition and industrial development. The aim of this work is to provide an overview of the current status of IDR in a holistic perspective. First, the main benefits and potential of IDR are reviewed, together with the motivations and challenges for the industrial sector. Most recent advances in European markets and regulations with specific focus on IDR applications are explored. Then, the different resources which are currently available to help industries participate and implement IDR programmes are reviewed. In particular: 1) the (possible) tools for defining energy-aware scheduling and planning of the manufacturing systems are analysed; 2) The role of aggregators (i.e. intermediaries between industries and power markets) for facilitating explicit IDR is examined; 3) the importance of digitalisation to provide better IDR services from the manufacturing industry is highlighted, pointing out that digital twins, cyber-physical systems, Internet of Things sensors, robots, edge computing, artificial intelligence, and big data are promising technologies; and 4) most recent related research projects are reviewed. Finally, it is analysed and discussed how each of those resources can address the different challenges that are still preventing industries to apply IDR programmes
Systemic Perspective on Companies and the Digital Transformation: A Prototypical Methodological Approach as a Solution to Complex Business Problems
No full textDue to changing market conditions, customer needs and environmental influences, organisations are facing increased pressure to transform in today’s world. The consequences of the COVID-19 pandemic have made many organisations aware of the importance of digital transformation in order to remain successful even in times of disruptive change. However, the pandemic has also shown how connected and complex the world is. The aim of this work is to answer the question of what a possible systematic method for dealing with complex business problems might look like. Dealing with complexity is a critical factor for any organisation and determines how resilient it can position itself in the face of dynamic environmental influences. To answer the research question, a prototype was first developed based on Niklas Luhmann’s systems theory, from which a systematic method was derived. The prototypes were then further developed and validated in qualitative expert interviews. A systems theory approach was chosen because it claims to construct a holistic picture of the company as a social system and thus to capture the interactions of all system components. Qualitative interviews based on a semi-standardised approach were used to test the prototypes for comprehensibility, applicability, and validity. German experts in the fields of system technology, change management and digital transformation were interviewed
Development of textile based supercapacitors using activated carbon from renewable banana peels and conductive polymer composites
Get PDFActivated carbon was synthesized from banana peel using a two-step chemical activation process and blended with poly (3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) polystyrene sulfonate (PEDOT-PSS) to improve the electrochemical performance of screen-printed electrodes fabricated on cotton fabrics. The use of carbonized banana peel (CBP) with PEDOT-PSS to develop reliable and sustainable supercapacitors was investigated. The work includes the design of a CBP: PEDOT-PSS axisymmetric electrode energy storage device with 0.1 M K2SO4 electrolyte. The results showed that the screen-printed cotton fabric delivered an electrical conductivity of 4.1 ± 1.3 S/cm and a specific capacitance, and energy density of 52.1 F g−1 and 7.233 WhKg−1 at 5 mV/s scanning rate, respectively with a three-electrode system. The material showed a remarkable rate performance in an axisymmetric three-electrode cell configuration with an operating potential window of 0–0.5 V. In addition, the fabricated material demonstrated uniform deposition of PEDOT-PSS and CBP on the cotton fabric which was confirmed by both AFM and SEM image analysis. FTIR confirmed the structural properties of the composite. There is more consistency between the ideal supercapacitor modelled with COMSOL Multiphysics and the actual experimental results. The model curves aid in better design and performance and durability monitoring by offering a more thorough and precise characterization of the kinetics and thermodynamics of the supercapacitors. Consequently, the CBP: PEDOT-PSS composite presents a promising option for supercapacitor uses
Tastschalter
No full textZusammenfassung: Der erfindungsgemäße Tastschalter weist eine hermetisch versiegelte Sensorspule auf, der ein beweglich gelagertes Steuerelement zugeordnet ist. Dieses lässt sich durch ein Betätigungselement an die Spule annähern oder von dieser entfernen, wobei die Bewegung parallel zur Axialrichtung der Spule stattfindet. Die Spule ist vorzugsweise eine Flachspule und das Steuerelement ist ein elektrisch leitfähiges und/oder magnetisch leitfähiges weich- oder hartmagnetisches Material, das Teil des Betätigungselements und/oder Teil der Schnappfeder sein kann. Eine Auswerteschaltung erfasst Änderung der elektrischen Eigenschaften der Spule bei Bewegung des Betätigungselements und generiert daraus ein Schaltsignal
AI in Action: Practical Use in Business
No full textDie Studierenden kennen für Unternehmen nützliche KI-Tools.
Sie können ausgewählte KI-Tools für kleine Unternehmen und Start-ups anwenden (z. B. Chatbots, Kreativtools).
Sie kennen Möglichkeiten, die KI bietet, und wie man ihr Potenzial ausschöpft.
Sie sind sich ethischer Aspekte beim Einsatz von KI bewusst.
Die Studierenden erkennen Herausforderungen bei der Implementierung von KI und wie man sie überwindet
Ist Ihr Unternehmen KI-Ready? – So kommen Sie vom Hype zur Praxis
No full textDer Megatrend KI verspricht revolutionäre Ergebnisse in jeder Branche. Aber was steckt wirklich hinter dem Hype? Welche Schlüsselbedingungen müssen erfüllt sein, um die richtigen Tools erfolgreich zu
implementieren? Prof. Dr. Maximilian Wolf, Experte für Angewandte Digitalisierung und KI, liefert Antworten auf diese spannenden Fragen. Er zeigt praxisnah, wie Unternehmen mit einem Framework KI erfolgreich integrieren und zum Erfolgsmodell machen
Refrigerators for household use – Methods for measuring the microbiological performance
No full textTo optimize hygiene when storing foods, refrigerator manufacturers offer different technologies. Technologies range from antimicrobial coatings and surface modifications to air purification systems. A distinction must be made between passive and active systems, which act directly on the refrigerator surfaces or airborne contaminants, or act indirectly on the air and/or surfaces by e.g. adsorption or reducing adhesion.
The underlying technologies aim to reduce hygiene-relevant contaminants, namely microorganisms, odorants or the ripening gas ethene. Hygiene functions in refrigerators focus primarily on air purification systems and surface functionalization.
The features and claims are aimed at further ensuring the preservation of freshness as supplementary storage factors. The focus is always on optimizing food safety. Yet, an assessment of relevance and functionality is not possible: There are no test standards for the hygiene features available on the market.
The scope of this VDE SPEC is to describe methods for measuring the microbiological performance of hygiene functionalities focusing on air treatment and/or surface treatment (e. g. surfaces containing antimicrobial agents) and those functionalities that are contained in household refrigerators.
It provides a test method for measuring the microbial contamination reduction performance of household refrigerators manufactured with the aid of antimicrobial materials, antimicrobial materials and sanitizing agents/features. A contamination with test microorganisms under standardized conditions can measure the effect of these treated materials. The microbial numbers on the contaminated carriers are measured after 24 and 72 hours of storage in the refrigerator and the reduction is calculated
Dictionary Attack with Transformed Russian Words using QWERTY Keyboard Layout
Get PDFDespite the vulnerability of passwords to various types of attacks, the combination of username and password remains the most commonly used authentication method worldwide. Although the necessity for complex passwords that cannot be easily guessed is widely acknowledged, a considerable number of users opt for simple passwords that can be easily recalled, such as a word or a combination of a word and numbers. Dictionary attacks exploit this vulnerability by attempting to guess a password using a dictionary or wordlist. This paper presents a novel approach to dictionary attacks targeting Russian-speaking users. This approach is predicated on the assumption that Russian-speaking users may have their keyboard configuration set to the QWERTY layout, yet still type their passwords according to the Russian keyboard layout. Thus, typing a Russian word in accordance with this approach would result in a seemingly random sequence of characters. To test this assumption, a dictionary comprising transformed Russian words was compared with a set of one million unique Russian passwords. The results demonstrated that approximately 1% of these passwords exhibited the assumed transformation, while a further 6% of the passwords were at least partially composed of a transformed Russian word
Mathematik für Informatik und Data Science
No full textDieses Buch liefert eine kompakte aber fundierte Darstellung der wichtigsten Gebiete der Mathematik für Informatik, die insbesondere für Data Science, Künstliche Intelligenz und Maschinelles Lernen notwendig sind. Inhaltlich gehören dazu Grundlagen zu Logik und Beweisen, ein- und mehrdimensionale Analysis mit Differential- und Integralrechnung, Lineare Algebra mit Vektor- und Matrixrechnung, linearen Gleichungssystemen, Koordinatentransformationen, Eigenvektoren sowie Wahrscheinlichkeitsrechnung mit Grundlagen der Kombinatorik, Statistik und Informationstheorie. Trotz der kompakten Darstellung werden alle Konzepte und Sätze sorgfältig eingeführt und bewiesen. Nichts soll vom Himmel fallen, sondern aus Axiomen und elementaren Prinzipien hergeleitet werden. Ziel ist es beim Studierenden das befriedigende Gefühl zu erzeugen, alles von Grund auf verstanden zu haben, und nichts nur „glauben“ zu müssen
FPGA-basierter Wafer-Level Test und Charakterisierungsmethoden für MEMS Beschleunigungssensoren
No full textIn this thesis, new FPGA-based wafer-level test methods for MEMS accelerometers were developed and validated. The main focus of this thesis is the test for adhesion failure of the MEMS movable structures called stiction testing, which is characterised for different sensor and configuration parameters. From the results a new mechanism leading to enhanced stiction occurences by stimulating the electrode fingers of the devices has been found. The effect has been studied systematically and a method for detecting critical modes has been implemented. Additionally, two improvements of the state of the art tests were introduced. The implementation of the proposed high-dynamic pulse method enhances the sensitivity of the test for out-of-plane cores, while the usage of the opposite electrode for the release process expands the range of measurable stiction forces. The second objective was to reduce test time for functional tests that are used in production, while also improving the precision and the coverage of characterisation tests used in the development process of new MEMS designs. The implementation of the new test step „sensitivity curve“ and a cavity leakage test based on the measured data of the sensitivity curve enabled a significant reduction in overall test time. The new cavity leakage test also enables a damping measurement for highly damped devices, which could not be measured accurately so far