Repositorio Académico de la Universidad Católica del Maule
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Detection of cardiovascular diseases using predictive models based on deep learning techniques: a hybrid neutrosophic AHP-TOPSIS approach for model selection
No full textIn Ecuador and globally, cardiovascular diseases are the leading cause of mortality,
accounting for a worrying 26.49% of deaths in 2019. An approach based on deep learning is applied
to improve the capacity for early prediction and reduce its incidence. In this work, three different
models were proposed and compared: deep neural networks (DNN), convolutional neural
networks (CNN), and multilayer perceptron (MLP). Experiments were conducted in two scenarios:
one using a dataset that included 12 variables, and another in which the variables were reduced to
those most significantly correlated with cardiovascular disease, i.e., 4 variables; both scenarios with
918 clinical records per variable. Using the Neutrosophic AHP-TOPSIS method for model selection,
the CNN model trained with the original dataset was identified as the best-performing model
among the proposed options. In specific terms, the evaluation metrics of the CNN model were as
follows: an accuracy of 92.17%, a sensitivity of 94.51%, a specificity of 90.78%, an F1-Score of 93.30%,
and an area under the ROC curve of 90.03%
The oral trial: a methodology for teaching orality in teacher training
No full textEsta investigación tiene como propósito recoger las percepciones de estudiantes de pedagogía en educación general básica de una universidad regional chilena sobre el valor de una experiencia pedagógica de enseñanza de la oralidad. La metodología es cualitativa y se realiza a través de una encuesta administrada a 25 profesores en formación. La estrategia consiste en la vinculación de aspectos del saber en el ámbito del lenguaje y la oralidad. Los resultados se estructuran en tres áreas: 1) los aprendizajes adquiridos en el ámbito de la literatura, 2) aprendizajes logrados en el ámbito de la oralidad y 3) el valor pedagógico de la actividad “Juicio Oral”. Todas ellas relevan el espacio de interacción asociado a la experiencia y a la posibilidad de aprender una serie de estrategias que les permiten participar adecuadamente en los distintos espacios formativos. Se concluye que la actividad de “Juicio Oral” fortalece las competencias comunicativas y profesionales de los docentes en formación
Utilizing a webinar to introduce an evidence-based trauma treatment in Chile: results from a pilot study investigating clinician attitudes and needs
No full textObjective
Scalable clinician training in evidence-based trauma treatments is important to increase the use and impact of these treatments in different countries. The aim of the current pilot investigation was to understand the attitudes of mental health care providers in Chile toward narrative exposure therapy (NET), an evidence-based treatment (EBT) for traumatic distress.
Method
This study used a mixed-methods design and gathered demographic and questionnaire data as well as data from semi-structured qualitative interviews. A total of 31 clinicians completed the Evidence-Based Practice Attitude Scale (EBPAS) following a webinar on NET, and among those participants 10 completed semi-structured interviews.
Results
Findings from this study suggest mental healthcare workers reported overall satisfaction from the NET training and knowledge gained from the training. Both qualitative and quantitative findings indicated broadening understanding of trauma treatments as well as additional training and supervision are necessary in the process of learning to implement an EBT such as NET.
Conclusions
A web-based training in NET may be a feasible method for introducing a trauma-focused EBT; however, additional training and supervision are necessary in follow-up trainings
Understanding brewing trait inheritance in de novo Lager yeast hybrids
Full text linkHybridization between Saccharomyces cerevisiae and Saccharomyces
eubayanus resulted in the emergence of S. pastorianus, a crucial yeast for lager fermentation. However, our understanding of hybridization success and hybrid vigor between
these two species remains limited due to the scarcity of S. eubayanus parental strains.
Here, we explore hybridization success and the impact of hybridization on fermentation
performance and volatile compound profiles in newly formed lager hybrids. By selecting
parental candidates spanning a diverse array of lineages from both species, we reveal
that the Beer and PB-2 lineages exhibit high rates of hybridization success in S. cerevisiae
and S. eubayanus, respectively. Polyploid hybrids were generated through a spontaneous
diploid hybridization technique (rare-mating), revealing a prevalence of triploids and
diploids over tetraploids. Despite the absence of heterosis in fermentative capacity,
hybrids displayed phenotypic variability, notably influenced by maltotriose consumption. Interestingly, ploidy levels did not significantly correlate with fermentative capacity,
although triploids exhibited greater phenotypic variability. The S. cerevisiae parental
lineages primarily influenced volatile compound profiles, with significant differences in
aroma production. Interestingly, hybrids emerging from the Beer S. cerevisiae parental lineages exhibited a volatile compound profile resembling the corresponding S.
eubayanus parent. This pattern may result from the dominant inheritance of the S.
eubayanus aroma profile, as suggested by the over-expression of genes related to alcohol
metabolism and acetate synthesis in hybrids including the Beer S. cerevisiae lineage.
Our findings suggest complex interactions between parental lineages and hybridization
outcomes, highlighting the potential for creating yeasts with distinct brewing traits
through hybridization strategies
Construction of a conceptual basis for school coexistence activities, from a dialogic-participative methodology
No full textEste artículo se propone sistematizar las bases conceptuales que favorezcan la realización de acciones o actividades que contribuyan a la reconstrucción de la convivencia escolar. Para su realización, se optó por la metodología dialógica-kishu kimkelay ta che (término proveniente del Mapuce, que se refiere a: ninguna persona conoce y aprende por sí misma, sino en conjunto con otros, y basados en su historicidad). Esta metodología se caracteriza por efectuar investigaciones de manera dialógica, y en conjunto con una Comunidad de Investigación. Para su desarrollo, se optó por diálogos colectivos y Az kintun, procesos enfocados en la co-construcción, análisis y validación de los saberes generados. Como resultado, se obtuvo una base conceptual sustentada en la reflexión crítica, la comunicación, la participación activa y el consenso, todo ello, centrado en la cohesión comunitaria
COVID-19 risk perception among students at a state university in Chile
No full textObjetivo: Evaluar el nivel de percepción de riesgo de contagio de la COVID-19 frente al retorno a las clases presenciales y analizar esta percepción con variables sociodemográficas y de salud asociadas a esta enfermedad. Materiales y métodos: Estudio transversal y prospectivo. Se adaptó el cuestionario para evaluar la percepción de riesgo de contagio de la COVID-19 (PCR-CV19) en 532 universitarios. Además, se realizó un análisis de asociación de las cuatro dimensiones del PCR-CV19 (vulnerabilidad cognitiva, vulnerabilidad emocional, conductas de riesgo-protección y gravedad) y el índice de percepción con variables sociodemográficas y de salud. Se utilizaron técnicas estadísticas: análisis de varianza (ANOVA) de una vía (OneWay ANOVA), previa verificación de la prueba de normalidad Shapiro-Wilk y la prueba de Levene para la homogeneidad y la prueba post-hoc de Tukey o Ganes-Howell. Estos análisis se realizaron en el programa estadístico JAMOVI, versión 1.2.2. Resultados: Se evidenció un nivel moderado de percepción de riesgo de contagio, en donde las dimensiones de las conductas de riesgo-protección y gravedad se identificaron como las más relevantes; asimismo, se encontró asociación entre las dimensiones del PCR-CV19 y el índice de percepción con las variables edad, género, consumo de alcohol e indicadores de salud física y mental (ansiedad y depresión) y las experiencias vividas con la enfermedad de la COVID-19. Los aspectos de vulnerabilidad cognitiva y emocional fueron las dimensiones más sensibles en la evaluación de la percepción. Conclusiones: Seguimos enfrentando condiciones de riesgo que surgen de manera constante, lo que hace necesario mantener un esquema de vigilancia de la percepción de riesgo que experimenta la población. En los universitarios, los aspectos de vulnerabilidad cognitiva y emocional fueron las dimensiones más sensibles en la evaluación de la percepción del riesgo y las experiencias vividas con la COVID-19 (enfermedad o muerte). El hecho de que los universitarios no se sientan vulnerables y/o no perciban la gravedad asociada al contagio puede afectar sus conductas de autocuidado. Estos resultados tienen implicaciones claves para la salud pública, por lo que se requiere un abordaje intersectorial, con el objetivo de contar con información relevante para enfrentar futuras pandemias
Hegelian contributions discussion on the concept of to sexual difference
No full textEn los estudios de género se ha ubicado una clásica tensión entre igualdad y diferencia, cuya comprensión de cada término ha decidido el papel categorial que han cumplido cada uno en las teorías feministas. Una de las cosas que subyace a dicha tensión es la crítica a los esencialismos; crítica que se ha vuelto clave para pensar el concepto de diferencia sexual. En este artículo, se busca problematizar el lugar de la diferencia en el así llamado sistema sexo-género, debido a que aún se sigue manteniendo una verticalidad binaria y bajo un dualismo metodológico. Por el contrario, el lugar de la diferencia girará en torno al pensamiento de Hegel y cuáles pueden ser sus aportes para pensar una ontología de la diferencia sexual. Tras confrontar la noción de género y de diferencia en Hegel con el sistema sexo-género de enfoque socio-constructivista, la tesis que se intentará sostener es que la noción de diferencia, desde una perspectiva ontológica hegeliana posibilita volcar la jerarquización de la diferencia sexual tal como la han desarrollado algunos enfoques dentro de los estudios de género
Rethinking the quality of synthetic palm vein images from spectral analysis
No full textPalm vein-based biometric identification offers a higher level of security than traditional methods such as fingerprinting, iris, or facial recognition. One of its main advantages lies in using internal body features, which makes it highly secure and less susceptible to external changes. However, its large-scale application is limited by the need for large-scale public databases. In this context, synthetic palm vein image databases partially address this challenge, as there will always be a difference between synthetic and real. To mitigate these gaps, we propose to evaluate the differences using a spectral perspective and present techniques to fit the magnitude spectrum and power spectral distribution. We evaluated the similarity of the resulting synthetic images to the real images from the most representative state-of-the-art palm vein databases. The proposed approaches help to reduce the difference between synthetic and real images from the CASIA database, improving the accuracy in the representation of synthetic palm veins for the evaluation of biometric recognition algorithms
Business strategies in agricultural units to incorporate value chains in new national and international markets: a case study of Colombia
No full textThe research recommends business strategies that allow agricultural units to incorporate value chains to reach new national and international markets. Positivist, quantitative, descriptive and transversal methodology, with a population (56) agricultural production units of the department of Atlántico, Caribbean region of Colombia, according to the most recent National Agricultural Census (CNA) prepared by the National Administrative Department of Statistics (DANE, 2014), data analysis was carried out using the IBM SPSS Statistics V.22 program. It is concluded that the strategies are of quality, differentiation and efficiency, establishing a vertical and hydroponic agriculture, with competitiveness, quality, organization, capacity development, cooperation, innovation, dimensioned by technological, social, and environmental aspects. The findings show the adoption of new emerging technologies, processes and practices for total product quality, with sustainable emerging trends and knowledge cells to make the constantly evolving agricultural market profitable, providing a differentiating factor
The predictive power and dominance of variables of purpose and social support for depression, anxiety, and fear of COVID-19 in Paraguay
No full textThe advent of the COVID-19 pandemic forces us to investigate new emotional phenomena, as well as the validity of psychological variables associated with well-being and mental health. In this cross-sectional study with a correlative-predictive scope, there were 265 participants, adults residing in the Republic of Paraguay. The objectives of this research were to determine the predictive power and dominance of the social support and purpose variables for depression, anxiety, and fear of COVID-19. Both social support and purpose presented a significant negative prediction level for depression. In contrast, only social support presented a negative prediction for anxiety and fear of COVID-19, while purpose even presented a positive relationship with respect to the variable. When evaluating the relationship between the variables of social support and purpose, the perception of meaning presented dominance and negative predictive power for depression, while a positive link between destiny-freedom, depression, anxiety, and fear of COVID-19 was obtained. The probable causes of the results are explained; new research is suggested, and it is concluded on the need to review salutogenic psychological concepts in light of the new pandemic context