Repositorio Académico de la Universidad Católica del Maule
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Structural, mechanical and rheological characterization of ZrNb metallic glasses using atomistic simulations
No full textThis study investigates the structural, mechanical, and rheological properties of ZrNb metallic glasses using molecular dynamics simulations. The glass transition temperature was found to be influenced by the Nb content, with increasing content leading to higher transition temperatures. Analysis of structural features using Voronoi polyhedra revealed a correlation between Nb content and the prevalence of icosahedra-like clusters in the metallic glasses. Mechanical characterization showed that Nb-rich samples exhibited superior mechanical properties, attributed to higher populations of icosahedra-like clusters, albeit at the cost of lower ductility. Rheological analysis demonstrated that the samples follow a Herschel-Bulkley model, with Nb-rich samples exhibiting higher viscosity compared to Nb-poor samples. These findings highlight the significance of Nb content in tailoring the properties and flow behavior of ZrNb metallic glasses
School violence and teacher performance: physical education class as a prevention strategy
No full textEl estudio realizado tuvo como objetivo analizar la percepción de docentes de Educación primaria y secundaria sobre la violencia escolar en contextos escolares de una ciudad del centro sur de Chile. La metodología empleada corresponde a un diseño cualitativo utilizando entrevistas semiestructuradas en las que participaron docentes de Educación Física de establecimientos educacionales municipales y particulares subvencionados. Los resultados revelan que el cuerpo docente está cada vez más consciente de las expresiones de violencia que ocurren en el entorno escolar. Una de las alternativas preventivas sugeridas por los profesionales es la implementación de actividades extraprogramáticas destinadas a mejorar las relaciones interpersonales. Por tanto, se concluye que como medida para reducir o mitigar las acciones violentas se incorporen los juegos cooperativos y de autoconocimiento en el currículum escolar
The narrative of Amanda Labarca and the criollismo: notes for inserting it into chilean literary history (or narrating it to depict and change Chile)
No full textThis paper explores a set of narratives that the writer, educator and feminist leader Amanda Labarca published in the first quarter of the 20th century, namely the novel En tierras extrañas (1915), the short novel La lámpara maravillosa and the collection of stories Cuentos a mi señor (both 1921). We are interested in inscribing this corpus of Labarca’s work mainly in the criollismo, thought of as the Latin American and Chilean literary sensibility of the first half of the 20th century. With this, we contribute to the studies that have set out to explore one of Labarca’s most unknown areas: her literature. Specifically, it traces the spirit that runs through these texts, emphasizing the typification of discourses, characters and social contexts that allow sustaining the proposal of analyzing this prose from the point of view of criollismo. Indeed, the results show the presence of several characteristics of this trend, such as the presence of the peripheral or marginal element, the traveler as protagonist or the enhancement of local customs. It is concluded that Labarca’s lyrics dialogue with the proposals of Chilean criollismo, although they are also inspired by other aesthetic and ideological proposals of her time
Methodological characteristics of the teaching of professional reasoning in Kinesiology: qualitative study
No full textBackground. The initial training of healthcare professionals has exhibited persistent declared dysfunction since the Alma Ata declaration, which exposed the difficulties of conditioned reasoning due to mimetic assimilation in problem-solving. Objective. To understand the methodological characteristics of the processes used by teachers in teaching professional reasoning (PR) to kinesiology students. Methodology. A qualitative interpretive study was conducted using a purposive sampling method, through semi structured interviews (SSI) with 9 expert teachers (ET) in PR from accredited universities. The interviews were recorded on the Microsoft TEAMS® platform. Data were collected during 2020-2023 in 5 selected Chilean Kinesiology schools based on curricular evidence and ranking. Results. The emerging themes identified in the interviews with teachers were transcribed and coded using the Atlas.ti® software. It was found that the characteristics of case study analysis in different applications stood out as the predominant methodology in teaching PR, while the most recurrent assessment instrument was the Rubric. Conclusions. There is a wide range of strategies used by ETs to teach PR. These strategies consist of both traditional methodologies and more student-centered active resources, with theoretical and practical aspects characterized by the formative moment, the selected model, and the imprecise taxonomic articulation of strategies and assessment instruments. This highlights the need for a greater integration of factors for the learning of PR
Stress in university students of health careers: impact of the return to in-person education post pandemic by Covid-19
No full textIntroducción: En 2022 los estudiantes universitarios retornaron a la ‘’normalidad’’ en sus acti-vidades académicas, regresando a las actividades presenciales y las estrategias de enseñanza utili-zadas prepandemia, sumando un factor de estrés adicional al habitual. El objetivo de este estudio fue analizar el nivel de estrés académico en estudiantes universitarios de carreras de la salud en la ciudad de Valdivia (Chile) durante la vuelta a la normalidad postpandemia.Métodos: Muestra de 302 estudiantes de las carreras de Tecnología Médica, Enfermería, Medicina, Obstetricia, Kinesiología, Psicología, Terapia Ocupacional y Odontología. Se aplicó de manera vir-tual el inventario SISCO, el cual mide nivel de estrés, factores estresantes, síntomas y estrategias de afrontamiento.Resultados: El 100 % de los estudiantes experimentó algún grado de estrés académico, siendo mayor quienes se identificaron como mujeres (100 %) y otro género (100 %). Los factores estre-santes más frecuentes fueron la realización de un examen (96,1 %), sobrecarga de tareas y trabajos (91,1 %) y nivel de exigencia de mis profesores/as (85,7 %). Los estresores más frecuentes fueron somnolencia o mayor necesidad de dormir (91,4 %), fatiga crónica (90,2 %) y desgano para realizar las labores escolares (88,7 %). Las estrategias de afrontamiento más comunes fueron escuchar mú-sica o distraerse viendo televisión (90,7 %), concentrarse en resolver la situación que me preocupa (81,1 %) y habilidad asertiva (71,6 %).
Conclusiones: La vuelta a la normalidad post Covid se presentó con un alto estrés académico en los estudiantes de la Facultad de Medicina, siendo mayor en mujeres y en quienes se identificaron como “otro género”
Social innovation and university social responsibility. The case of students from a religious institution in Chile
No full textThis study investigates the perception of social innovation within the framework of university social responsibility (USR) among students at a religious institution in Chile. Data were collected through a quantitative questionnaire administered to 200 students using a non-probabilistic sampling method. The
analysis involved statistical processing, including assessments of internal consistency, central tendency measures, dispersion indicators, and inferential statistics. The findings reveal a high valuation of social innovation among participants, with variations observed based on sociodemographic characteristics. The study concludes that higher education institutions should allocate resources and create opportunities to implement social innovation strategies, in order to align with the evolving demands and challenges of a dynamic, rapidly
changing society. Future research should expand the sample to include diverse contexts and employ various methodological approaches to gain a more comprehensive understanding of the phenomenon
The RAGE axis: a relevant inflammatory hub in human diseases
No full textIn 1992, a transcendental report suggested that the receptor of advanced glycation end-products (RAGE) functions as a cell surface receptor for a wide and diverse group of compounds, commonly referred to as advanced glycation end-products (AGEs), resulting from the non-enzymatic glycation of lipids and proteins in response to hyperglycemia. The interaction of these compounds with RAGE represents an essential element in triggering the cellular response to proteins or lipids that become glycated. Although initially demonstrated for diabetes complications, a growing body of evidence clearly supports RAGE’s role in human diseases. Moreover, the recognizing capacities of this receptor have been extended to a plethora of structurally diverse ligands. As a result, it has been acknowledged as a pattern recognition receptor (PRR) and functionally categorized as the RAGE axis. The ligation to RAGE leads the initiation of a complex signaling cascade and thus triggering crucial cellular events in the pathophysiology of many human diseases. In the present review, we intend to summarize basic features of the RAGE axis biology as well as its contribution to some relevant human diseases such as metabolic diseases, neurodegenerative, cardiovascular, autoimmune, and chronic airways diseases, and cancer as a result of exposure to AGEs, as well as many other ligands
Reducing waiting times to improve patient satisfaction: a hybrid strategy for decision support management
No full textPatient satisfaction and operational efficiency are critical in healthcare. Long waiting times negatively affect patient experience and hospital performance. Addressing these issues requires accurate system time predictions and actionable strategies. This paper presents a hybrid framework combining predictive modeling and optimization to reduce system times and enhance satisfaction, focusing on registration, vitals, and doctor consultation. We evaluated three predictive models: multiple linear regression (MLR), log-transformed regression (LTMLR), and artificial neural networks (ANN). The MLR model had the best performance, with an 2
of 0.93, an MAE of 7.29 min, and an RMSE of 9.57 min. MLR was chosen for optimization due to its accuracy and efficiency, making it ideal for implementation. The hybrid framework combines the MLR model with a simulation-based optimization system to reduce waiting and processing times, considering resource constraints like staff and patient load. Simulating various scenarios, the framework identifies key bottlenecks and allocates resources effectively. Reducing registration and doctor consultation wait times were identified as primary areas for improvement. Efficiency factors were applied to optimize waiting and processing times. These factors include increasing staff during peak hours, improving workflows, and automating tasks. As a result, registration wait time decreased by 15%, vitals by 20%, and doctor consultation by 25%. Processing times improved by 10–15%, leading to an average reduction of 22.5 min in total system time. This paper introduces a hybrid decision support system that integrates predictive analytics with operational improvements. By combining the MLR model with simulation, healthcare managers can predict patient times and test strategies in a risk-free, simulated environment. This approach allows real-time decision-making and scenario exploration without disrupting operations. This methodology highlights how reducing waiting times has a direct impact on patient satisfaction and hospital operational efficiency, offering an applicable solution that does not require significant structural changes. The results are practical and implementable in resource-constrained healthcare environments, allowing for optimized staff management and patient flow
Run-out distance of initially fluidized, collapsing granular columns with different aspect ratios: constraints and volcanological implications from experiments and 2D incompressible simulations
No full textWe investigate granular flows generated by the collapse of an initially fluidized column into a horizontal channel in order to evaluate the factors controlling the efficiency of fluidization in increasing the run-out distance of pyroclastic density currents. This configuration is analogous to flows generated by the collapse of volcanic domes or lava flow fronts. We use an incompressible two-phase numerical model able to simulate dam-break experiments, and we compare the numerical results with experimental data. This model permits us to describe depth-dependent variations of flow properties and the effect of pore pressure on the rheology of the granular material. We show that the interplay between timescales of column collapse and of flow front propagation plays a primary role in determining the effective influence of fluidization on run-out distance. For columns with a high aspect ratio (i.e., initial height/initial width), the collapse velocity decreases abruptly after reaching its peak, a significant portion of the collapse has occurred when the flow front has travelled a long distance from the reservoir and, importantly, the decrease of basal pore pressure with time in the reservoir translates into a reduced velocity of the granular material entering into the propagation channel during final phases of collapse. Thus, at some point, the collapsing material is not able to significantly affect the flow front dynamics. This behaviour contrasts with that of low aspect ratio collapsing columns. These results are consistent with complementary analogue experiments of high-aspect-ratio collapsing columns, which show that the granular material at the front of the deposit originates from lower levels of the column. Comparison with new experimental data also reveals that the effective pore pressure diffusion coefficient in the propagating flow is an increasing function of column height, and it can be considered as proportional to a weighted average of flow thickness during propagation. This is consistent with experiments on static defluidization columns, but had not been tested in dam-break experiments until this study. Considering this type of dependency, under our experimental and simulation conditions, the non-dimensional run-out distance presents a relative maximum for initial aspect ratios between 1 and 2, and beyond this critical range, the non-dimensional run-out distance decreases abruptly
